电化学测试技术在缓蚀剂缓蚀行为研究中的应用

对常规的电化学测试方法在缓蚀剂性能评价及作用机理研究方面的应用现状进行了综述,介绍了新兴电化学测试技术在缓蚀剂研究领域的应用进展。进一步指出发展适合缓蚀体系特点的测试技术和研究方法将成为缓蚀剂性能研究的重要内容之一。结合现代表面分析技术,电化学测试技术在未来缓蚀剂领域中具有广阔的发展应用前景。     

缓蚀剂在金属防腐技术中的应用

金属材料在绝大数情况下与腐蚀性环境介质接触会发生腐蚀,研究金属防腐技术是迫切需要解决的问题。缓蚀剂保护是一种通过添加少量能阻止或减缓金属腐蚀的物质使金属得到保护的方法,文章介绍了缓蚀剂的定义及技术特点,以及缓蚀剂在金属防腐技术中的应用。     

输油管道缓蚀剂现状与发展趋势

文章简介了输油管道的腐蚀类型和防腐的方法。综述了缓蚀剂防腐技术的特点、缓蚀机理，以及缓蚀剂的分类、评价方法和应用特点。并且指出了缓蚀剂技术的研究方向以及在今后面临的挑战。     

一种气井缓蚀剂的研究与应用

综述了油气田常用缓蚀剂的分类以及应用机理,阐述了缓蚀剂的选择性、配伍性、协同效应等三种特性。通过室内评价及现场挂片实验分析了缓蚀剂XL的防腐蚀效果,并分析了浓度、温度以及H2S等实际应用中的影响因素,对缓蚀剂防腐蚀技术在高含水油井中的应用有较好的指导作用。     

缓释技术及水处理缓蚀剂在石化炼油企业的应用

介绍了缓释技术的基本原理和特点,综述了它在药物、肥料、农药、缓蚀剂、水处理剂、芳香剂等方面应用的进展;综述了水处理缓蚀剂的分类、性能特点及应用现状;介绍了应用在石化炼油企业工业循环水中的缓蚀剂的类型及其开发状况.     

镁合金缓蚀剂的研究进展

缓蚀剂技术是防腐蚀技术中应用最为广泛的一种技术。基于镁合金这种超轻材料的特殊地位,对近几年所研究的镁合金缓蚀剂按其化学组成进行了分类,并对其作用机制进行了总结。最后,对镁合金缓蚀剂未来的研究方向及发展趋势提出了展望。     

油井缓蚀剂效果现场评价技术及应用

目前油井缓蚀剂效果大都限于室内评价，但是缓蚀剂的效果除了与缓蚀剂质量有关，还与加药的制度有关。本文重点开发了利用示踪剂跟踪及产出液含铁的监测进行缓蚀剂现场评价技术。在某特定油田腐蚀环境下利用该技术评价不同加药制度下的缓蚀剂效果，从而优选出合理的加药制度，以确保质量好的缓蚀剂在现场有较好的应用效果。文中最后给出了在马寨油田的应用实例。     

产品开发

<正>低毒和可生物降解缓蚀剂是发展方向缓蚀剂的用途是防止或减缓腐蚀。应用缓蚀剂进行防腐蚀是防腐蚀技术中应用最广和最主要的方法之一,广泛应用于石油和天然气工业,工业用水和废水处理、燃料润滑油及金属保护等领域。近年来其消费量和产量都不断上升。预测2015年我国缓蚀剂的需求量和产量将继续增加,市场前景佳,低毒和可生物降解的绿色缓蚀剂成为研发热点和发展方向。     

酸洗及有机胺类缓蚀剂

本文简述了盐酸、硫酸等无机酸及柠檬酸等有机酸在酸洗中的应用，有机胺类缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理。国内外有机胺类缓蚀剂的品种以及在酸洗技术中的应用。     

炼油厂塔顶冷凝装置缓蚀剂研究进展

介绍了石油化工行业常减压蒸馏装置塔顶冷凝系统的腐蚀机理,综述了塔顶冷凝装置常用的缓蚀剂种类及开发与应用研究现状;分析了缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理和工业常用的缓蚀剂的评价方法,并对缓蚀剂的开发与应用前景进行了展望。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

A study of miscibility of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure

The miscibility of various amorphous polybutadienes with mixed microstructures of 1,4 addition units (cis, 1,4 and trans 1,4) and 1,2 addition units have been investigated. The studies here involved optical transparency, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle light scattering. It was found that a 90 percent (cis) 1, 4 addition polybutadiene was immiscible with high (91 percent) 1,2 addition polybutadiene. Reduction of the 1,2 content to 71 percent induced an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) with the cis 1,4 polymer. Polybutadienes with 50 percent and 10 percent 1,2 contents were miscible above the crystalline melting temperature of the cis 1,4 polybutadiene. Immiscibility of the 91 percent 1,2 addition polymer was also found with a 10 percent 1,2 polybutadiene. The latter polymer also exhibits an UCST with the 71 percent 1,2 polymer. The results are used to interpret the characteristics of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure.     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

粉煤灰中烧失量检测的不确定度分析

以F类粉煤灰为例,详细介绍了测定粉煤灰中烧失量的步骤、计算数学模型、影响测量不确定度的因素以及各项测量不确定度分量评定,人员、设备、材料、方法、环境都是影响测量不确定的因素。     

生物油的成分分析及物性测定

以添加FeCl2的ZnCl2-KCl混合熔盐裂解纤维素和秸秆,制得生物油。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱法和气相色谱-质谱法分析生物油的成分。结果表明,生物油中成分复杂,含有氧元素、多种有机化合物,主要包括酮类、醛类、酚类及羧酸类等。测定了20～80℃生物油的密度和粘度,发现生物油的密度与温度呈较好线性关系,而生物油的粘度均大于水的粘度,且不同熔盐体系对秸秆生物油的粘度无较大影响。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

分解炉扩径的技术改造

我厂3号回转窑(Φ4m×60m)生产线在1996年年底由SP窑(产量912t/d)改为NSP窑(产量1320t/d),预分解系统为四级旋风预热器带离线式分解炉     

Process of acceleration of filtration of viscose

Conclusions It is significant that the purification on a single passage of viscose through porous ceramic corresponds to the result of a two-stage filtration of it in industrial filter-presses with standard fillings.Kiev Combine. Kiev Technological Institute of Light Industry. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 20–22, May–June, 1969.