茶皂素提取新工艺研究

介绍水提法和醇提法从茶饼粕中提取茶皂素的传统工艺，指出茶皂素水解、杂质去除及滤液浓缩是水提法工业化生产茶皂素的三个关键问题。发明了一种新的水提法，浸提前用化学处理抑制、消除茶饼粕中水解酶的活性，有效抑制茶皂素的水解；用纳滤膜浓缩澄清的浸提液，减少废弃相中茶皂素含量；高速离心分离，有效除去浸提液中的糖类、蛋白质、淀粉、果胶等杂质。从2个实例来看：该工艺过程简单、设备投资和生产成本低、能耗少，所得茶皂素产品呈淡黄色，纯度超过80％，得率超过70％。     

超声波—乙醇法提取油茶饼粕中茶皂素的工艺研究

以油茶饼粕为材料,通过单因素实验寻找提取茶皂素的最优工艺条件,研究浸提温度,浸提时间,料液比,乙醇浓度,超声波功率,超声时间,pH等因素对油茶饼粕中茶皂素提取的影响,再利用正交试验法进行工艺的优化,通过正交实验表明:以85%的乙醇为溶剂,浸提取温度80℃,料液比1:20(g:mL),浸提取时间为60 min,超声波功率100 W,超声时间25 min,pH 7.2的工艺条件下,油茶饼粕中茶皂素的提取率可达到7.92%。     

超声波细胞粉碎辅助乙醇浸提法提取茶皂素

以油茶籽粕为原料,采用超声波细胞粉碎辅助乙醇浸提法,系统研究了超声浸提次数、料液比、乙醇水溶液质量分数、超声提取时间等对茶皂素浸提率的影响。在此基础上,确定了茶皂素提取的最佳工艺条件为超声浸提1次,料液比1:7,乙醇水溶液质量分数80%,超声提取时间15 min,此时茶皂素浸提率可达13.6%。     

茶皂素提取工艺的优化

茶皂素是从山茶科植物种子或叶中提取出来的纯天然非离子表面活性荆。茶籽饼中含有10%~15%的茶皂素,从茶籽饼中提出茶皂素,对综合利用油茶资源,提高油茶果的经济价值,开发新产品,具有十分重要的社会效益和经济价值。本文以广东产的茶籽榨油后茶粕废料为原料提取茶皂素,工艺条件为:浸提温度75℃,pH=10.0,无水乙醇,料液比1︰12,在此条件下浸提3 h,纯化后茶皂素收率为9.3%。     

油茶果壳中茶皂素提取工艺研究

本论文研究了水酶法提取油茶壳中茶皂素的工艺参数,通过单因素试验考察酶添加量、料液比、提取时间、温度等因素对水酶法提取茶皂素的影响规律;然后,筛选三个显著性影响因素酶添加量、温度、浸提时间,根据中心组合试验(Box-Behnken)设计原理,以茶皂素提取率为响应值,优化茶皂素最佳提取工艺参数料液比1︰20,酶添加量2mg,温度60℃,浸提时间90min,在此条件下得到茶皂素的提取率为1.40%。     

乙醇-氨水浸提法提取油茶饼粕中茶皂素的工艺研究

研究乙醇-氨水浸提法从油茶饼粕中提取茶皂素的提取工艺。以乙醇为提取剂,分别考察提取次数、氨水量、乙醇浓度、料液比、提取温度、提取时间对茶皂素得率的影响,再经正交试验L16(45)得到茶皂素最佳提取工艺为:提取温度78℃,脱脂茶枯质量与溶剂体积的比值(料液比)为1∶10(g/mL),提取时间55 m in,乙醇水溶液的体积分数为70%,氨水的体积分数为0.1%,其茶皂素得率达到22.41%。     

无水乙醇提取茶皂素的工艺研究

研究了无水乙醇从油茶饼提取茶皂素的超声波提取工艺,考察了浸提温度和浸提时间和料液比等几个因素对指标的影响。正交实验结果表明,较优工艺条件为:浸提温度550℃,浸提时间为40 min,料液比为1∶4。按此工艺可得纯度72.3%茶皂素,得率为97.4%。     

乙醇提取-丙酮沉淀法提取分离茶皂素的工艺研究

以油茶饼粕为原料，采用乙醇提取-丙酮沉淀法对茶皂素进行提取分离。以茶皂素纯度和得率为考察指标，对乙醇体积分数、液料比、提取温度、提取时间、提取次数、提取液浓缩程度和丙酮用量等工艺参数进行了单因素优化。结果表明：体积分数95%的乙醇为提取溶剂，乙醇与预处理过的油茶饼粕液料比为9：1（mL：g），提取温度为70℃，提取时间为4 h，提取次数为2次，提取液浓缩至刚好有固体析出，丙酮用量为4倍浓缩液体积量时提取分离效果较佳，得到的茶皂素纯度为85.17%，得率为9.82%。不同溶剂打浆对产品纯化效果的比较发现：丙酮、乙酸乙酯、无水乙醇、体积分数95%的乙醇作为打浆纯化溶剂用于提高茶皂素纯度效果均不明显。     

茶多酚的制备

本文用吸收溶剂浸提法和络合沉淀法的优点提出了一种全新提取荼多酚的工艺.用含有维生素C的80%乙醇水溶液在pH<5条件下浸提荼多酚;浸提液进一步经过冷冻后过滤、浓缩回收乙醇;浓缩液以三氯甲烷萃取;所得水相用络合剂络合沉淀出其中茶多酚;将滤饼淋洗后酸化转溶,再用乙酸乙酯萃取,将有机相用柠檬酸水溶液洗涤、干燥、浓缩得到产品;水相则浓缩回收络合剂.     

茶多酚的制备

论述了吸收溶剂浸提法和络合沉淀法的优点,提出了一种全新提取茶多酚的工艺。用含有维生素C的80％乙醇水溶液在pH〈5条件下浸提茶多酚;浸提液进一步经过冷冻后过滤、浓缩回收乙醇;浓缩液以三氯甲烷萃取;所得水相用络合剂络合沉淀出其中茶多酚;将滤饼淋洗后酸化转溶,再用乙酸乙酯萃取,将有机相用柠檬酸水溶液洗涤、干燥、浓缩得到产品;水相则浓缩回收络合剂。     

Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Tea Saponin and Its Application on Cleaning of Historic Silks

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was utilized to extract tea saponin from oil-tea camellia seed cake. The factors influencing the extraction efficiency were studied, including the effects of microwave power, irradiation duration, temperature, ratio of solvent to material and aqueous ethanol concentration. By systematic orthogonal experiments, the optimal extraction technology was determined. Compared with a conventional extraction method, MAE shows great advantages with the extraction time reduced from 6 h to 4 min, 50 % organic solvent saved and about 14 % extraction yield enhanced. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy testing and high performance liquid chromatography analysis proved that the extracted resultants were tea saponin with similar compounds as a standard tea saponin. The extracted tea saponin was applied on the cleaning of historic silks and showed good removal effect on the stains. This work provides useful information for fully use of oil-tea camellia seed cake and new applications of tea saponin at the protection of historic textiles.     

A novel process for extraction of tea oil from Camellia oleifera seed kernels by combination of microwave puffing and aqueous enzymatic oil extraction

The objective of this study was to extract the oil from Camellia oleifera seed kernels by aqueous enzymatic oil extraction (AEOE). We describe a novel process for extraction of tea oil preceded by tea saponin extraction from C. oleifera seed kernels. The extraction efficiency obtained with microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) is very high, which the recovery yield is up to 83% in 30 s and the saponins in camellia seed kernels can be completely removed by the second MAE. Moreover, an important step in the process development has been the pretreatment by microwave puffing of camellia seed kernel residues followed by AEOE increased oil extraction yield from 53% to 95%, which will is comparable to hexane oil extraction yields from plant materials.     

茶皂素生产工艺的改进

介绍了茶皂素的一种生产工艺。应用此工艺，可提高茶皂素的脱色效果，生产出多用途的精茶皂素。     

Rapid Detection and Quantification by GC–MS of Camellia Seed Oil Adulterated with Soybean Oil

Camellia seed oil with high nutritional value is widely used in southern China and southeastern Asia for cooking. Due to the high price of camellia seed oil, fraudulent traders blended the oil with inexpensive oils to increase profits. In this paper, a new method was introduced to detect the adulteration of camellia seed oil with soybean oil by GC–MS with consideration of a parameter which was defined by the total content of oleic and linoleic acid, the oleic to linoleic acid ratio and the content of linolenic acid. Oils samples were prepared by blending pure camellia seed oil with pure soybean oil at levels from 1 to 50 %. Fatty acids esterified by TMSH and TBME in seconds were separated and identified by GC–MS. The detection limit of adulteration was as low as 5 %, and even much lower than 5 % for most kinds of camellia seed oil, which was lower than those measured by other methods. All the results indicated that this simple, accurate and rapid method can also be recommended for the authentication of olive oil with some modification.     

从茶籽饼中提取茶皂素的生产工艺研究

本文就从茶籽饼③中提取茶皂素的生产工艺进行了比较研究，通过对五种不同提取方法的比较，综合了水浸法和有机溶剂法的优点，总结出了一种新的提取工艺──水提──醇萃法。可得到纯度为９５％的茶皂素，并且成本低，产率高     

茶皂素提取和纯化工艺研究

以贵州省优势资源油茶利用后产生的油茶籽和废弃茶籽饼为主要原料,从中提取表面活性剂茶皂素,介绍了目前茶皂素的提取和纯化工艺,并进行了一定对比,以对生产实践进行指导。     

Pretreatment Camellia Seeds by Protease and Application to Extraction of Camellia Oil

High-temperature pretreatment that is currently used in camellia oil extraction can have negative effects on the quality of camellia oil. In this study, the enzymatic pretreatment of camellia seeds is explored as an alternative to high-temperature pretreatment. The main conditions for enzymatic pretreatment of camellia seeds including enzyme, pH, temperature, time, and buffer solution are optimized using the response surface methodology. Under the optimal conditions of enzymatic pretreatment, the oil recovery is close to 75%. Moreover, residual oil recovery from camellia seeds subjected to 1398 neutral protease pretreatment (4 g per kg seeds) and high-temperature pretreatment are 5.62 ± 0.08% and 9.97 ± 0.18%, respectively. The enzymatic pretreatment is further applied to pre-pressing solvent extraction of camellia oil, the cake oil recovery from camellia seeds subjected to enzymatic pretreatment is higher than that from high-temperature pretreatment. These results show that enzymatic pretreatment of camellia seeds has potential for application in the oil industry. Practical Applications : This study suggests that enzymatic pretreatment can replace high-temperature pretreatment and improve oil recovery and oil quality. Ultimately, this method can be used to extract camellia oil.     

茶籽皂素的提取及应用研究

介绍了茶籽皂素在农业、医药、日用化工、养殖、建筑等领域的应用研究,重点综述了近些年从茶籽饼中提取茶皂素的各种提取工艺及其特点,并就茶皂素目前的生产和应用情况提出了一些看法和急需解决的问题。     

油茶副产物在绿色表面活性剂中的 利用与研究进展

用天然的可再生资源生产可降解的绿色表面活性剂是环境和社会发展的需要。而在我国,生产茶油后的副产物油茶籽粕的产量非常大,且其中含量较多的茶皂素和残留的油酸,均可开发成表面活性剂。本文简介了油茶副产物中茶皂素和油酸的利用与研究及其在表面活性剂领域的利用和研究情况,以期促进油茶副产物的加工利用,并对绿色表面活性剂的发展作了展望。