硅藻土的节能熔烧

硅藻土助滤剂被广泛地用于各工业部门。它通常被分为三种不同的类型,即天然硅藻土、煅烧硅藻土和熔剂煅烧硅藻土。天然硅藻土是将采出的硅藻土原矿干燥、破碎、气流分级或筛分成具有一定粒度的硅藻土颗粒。煅烧级硅藻土是把原矿干燥、破碎、然后在980℃至1315℃的温度下煅烧,使硅藻土颗粒产生一定程度的收缩、硬化并聚集成较大的团粒。熔剂煅烧即是在煅烧之前在硅藻土粉中添加某种助熔剂,如碳酸钠,以改善硅藻土的过滤性质。 为了得到满意的煅烧级硅藻土助滤剂,     

5种硅藻土的性质测定及其对钒催化剂活性的影响

利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪和全自动比表面分析仪等测定吉林硅藻土、赛利特硅藻土、内蒙古硅藻土、临江硅藻土和长白硅藻土等5种硅藻土的物理及化学性质,并探究了以其为载体的5种S108钒催化剂活性。实验结果表明微孔孔径较大、杂质含量较少的吉林硅藻土是较为优良的钒催化剂载体。     

改性硅藻土吸附处理含磷废水的研究

以硅藻土为原料,利用铁尾矿的酸浸液对其进行改性,制备了改性硅藻土,利用XRD、XRF对改性硅藻土进行了表征,并研究了改性硅藻土对废水中磷的吸附行为。结果表明,改性硅藻土的物相组成、化学组成及含量均发生了改变;改性硅藻土对磷的吸附效果好于硅藻土原土;20 min为吸附平衡时间;对于50 m L 5mg/L的含磷废水,改性硅藻土投加量1.2 g,磷去除率可达81.08%;酸性环境有利于磷的吸附;温度对改性硅藻土吸附磷影响较小;改性硅藻土对磷的吸附行为较符合Freundlich吸附等温式,且为优惠吸附。     

硅藻土基光催化复合材料研究进展

介绍了硅藻土结构及物理和化学性质,综述了现阶段国内外通过溶胶-凝胶法、溶剂热法、液相沉积法制备硅藻土基光催化复合材料的研究进展;对硅藻土光催化机理、硅藻土金属氧化物复合催化机理及硅藻土石墨烯复合催化机理进行了介绍,并综述了硅藻土光催化复合材料在降解印染污染物、甲醛和处理重金属离子废水领域的应用,提出了硅藻土基光催化复合材料现阶段发展存在的问题与今后的研究方向。     

硅藻土的处理工艺与性能影响研究

采用不同处理工艺路线对硅藻土原土进行处理,即对硅藻土进行先期酸洗及后期焙烧过程进行提纯,得到硅藻土的适宜酸种类、适宜浓度及适宜的焙烧温度。研究了加入粘接剂的硅藻土吸附性能。通过扫描电镜对处理前后的硅藻土分别进行表征,通过紫外分光光度法测定处理后的硅藻土的吸附性能。     

聚丙烯/硅藻土复合材料性能研究

采用铝酸酯偶联剂对硅藻土进行表面改性,以不同含量的硅藻土与聚丙烯(PP)熔融共混,并加入一定量NaCl,制备PP/硅藻土复合材料,研究铝酸酯偶联剂对硅藻土的改性效果,分析不同硅藻土含量对PP/硅藻土复合材料的组织形貌及吸声系数和压缩性能的影响。结果表明,铝酸酯偶联剂对硅藻土改性效果明显,随着硅藻土含量的增加,复合材料的吸声性能和压缩强度逐渐增大,并在硅藻土含量为30份时吸声系数最佳,最大达0.68;硅藻土含量为40份时压缩强度达到12.66MPa;随着NaCl含量的增加吸声系数有一定改善,当NaCl含量为PP的20%时吸声系数最大达0.78。     

改性硅藻土处理含磷废水的试验研究

以硅藻土及硝酸铁为原料,制备了改性硅藻土,并进行了改性硅藻土吸附模拟含磷废水的试验研究。结果表明,改性硅藻土对磷的吸附率远高于硅藻土原土;60 min为吸附平衡时间;对于100 m L 5 mg/L的模拟含磷废水,投加改性硅藻土0.6 g,磷去除率超过90%;酸性环境有利于磷的吸附;温度对改性硅藻土吸附磷影响不大;改性硅藻土对磷的吸附行为较符合Langmuir吸附等温式。     

金属/硅藻土吸附亮蓝染料废水研究

以硅藻土为载体,Ni、Fe、Cu为活性组分,采取等体积浸渍法,制备了5%Cu、5%Fe和5%Ni金属/硅藻土吸附剂,以亮蓝染料为模型化合物,对金属/硅藻土吸附处理染料废水进行了研究。结果表明,金属/硅藻土对亮蓝有较高的吸附能力,明显高于纯硅藻土。初次使用时,5%Fe/硅藻土和5%Ni/硅藻土具有较高的吸附能力;再生后使用时,5%Ni/硅藻土的吸附能力最高,亮蓝初始浓度50×10-6下,5%Ni/硅藻土对亮蓝的吸附率仍高达33.1%,远远高于纯硅藻土的0.3%。     

改性硅藻土吸附处理含磷废水的研究

以硅藻土为原料,利用铁尾矿的酸浸液对其进行改性,制备了改性硅藻土,利用XRD、XRF对改性硅藻土进行了表征,并研究了改性硅藻土对废水中磷的吸附行为。结果表明,改性硅藻土的物相组成、化学组成及含量均发生了改变;改性硅藻土对磷的吸附效果好于硅藻土原土;20 min为吸附平衡时间;对于50 m L 5mg/L的含磷废水,改性硅藻土投加量1.2 g,磷去除率可达81.08%;酸性环境有利于磷的吸附;温度对改性硅藻土吸附磷影响较小;改性硅藻土对磷的吸附行为较符合Freundlich吸附等温式,且为优惠吸附。     

硅藻土改性沥青材料性能研究

为确定硅藻土对于沥青材料性能的改善效果,优选硅藻土微粉材料,全面测试硅藻土微粉的各项物化性能,借助一定的处理手段对硅藻土微粉进行表面处理和优化改性,在此基础上,制备硅藻土改性沥青,系统研究硅藻土掺量对沥青材料高温、低温等路用性能的影响规律,并借助微观研究手段对硅藻土在沥青中的微观形貌进行合理表征。研究结果发现,硅藻土材料能够改善沥青材料的高温性能,但对于低温性能改善效果有限,同时,其在沥青中分布均匀,未出现团状聚集态分布。     

2,3,6-三甲基苯酚一步氧化制备2,3,5-三甲基-1,4-苯醌研究进展

2,3,6-三甲基苯酚一步氧化制备2,3,5-三甲基-1,4-苯醌相对于传统的磺化-氧化法具有产品收率高、过程简单、条件温和以及环境友好等特点。本文针对2,3,6-三甲基苯酚一步氧化制备2,3,5-三甲基-1,4-苯醌的均相催化氧化和非均相催化氧化工艺进行了综述,对两种工艺的发展过程及研究现状进行了评价及总结。详细讨论了不同方法和路线在催化活性、选择性以及产品分离和催化剂回收等方面的优缺点,简要分析并总结了2,3,6-三甲基苯酚一步氧化研究的发展规律和最新动态,展望了以非均相催化反应机制为重点的微观机理研究和以提高催化剂循环稳定性、降低制备成本为重点的工业化探索两个潜在的发展方向。     

Biosorption: critical review of scientific rationale,environmental importance and significance for pollution treatment

Biosorption may be simply defined as the removal of substances from solution by biological material. Such substances can be organic and inorganic, and in gaseous, soluble or insoluble forms. Biosorption is a physico‐chemical process and includes such mechanisms as absorption, adsorption, ion exchange, surface complexation and precipitation. Biosorption is a property of both living and dead organisms (and their components) and has been heralded as a promising biotechnology for pollutant removal from solution, and/or pollutant recovery, for a number of years, because of its efficiency, simplicity, analogous operation to conventional ion exchange technology, and availability of biomass. Most biosorption studies have carried out on microbial systems, chiefly bacteria, microalgae and fungi, and with toxic metals and radionuclides, including actinides like uranium and thorium. However, practically all biological material has an affinity for metal species and a considerable amount of other research exists with macroalgae (seaweeds) as well as plant and animal biomass, waste organic sludges, and many other wastes or derived bio‐products. While most biosorption research concerns metals and related substances, including radionuclides, the term is now applied to particulates and all manner of organic substances as well. However, despite continuing dramatic increases in published research on biosorption, there has been little or no exploitation in an industrial context. This article critically reviews aspects of biosorption research regarding the benefits, disadvantages, and future potential of biosorption as an industrial process, the rationale, scope and scientific value of biosorption research, and the significance of biosorption in other waste treatment processes and in the environment. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

振动丝法测定常压和加压下液体的黏度和密度

介绍了自行研制的高温高压振动丝黏度密度仪的构造和测定原理,并以正戊烷作为实验流体对仪器的可靠性和准确性进行了测试.测定了环己烷在323.15～413.15 K温度范围内、正辛烷在313.15～393.15 K温度范围内、苯在303.15～445.15 K温度范围内压力分别为常压和6.10 MPa、正庚烷和异辛烷在298.15～403.15 K温度范围内压力分别为常压和5.10 MPa下的黏度与密度,并分别对不同压力下的黏度、密度数据进行了关联.     

木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料界面增容的研究进展

将木质素作为一种有机颗粒填料添加到热塑性塑料中,可解决造纸黑液资源化利用、石油原料日渐紧张以及环境污染加剧等严峻问题。而木质素与热塑性塑料之间相容性直接影响木质素在塑料工业中的应用与发展。首先简要概述了木质素结构与性质和木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料的性能分析,然后系统地阐述国内外研究木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料界面增容方法及其原理;增容方法按添加相容剂、改性木质素和改性塑料进行归类,并对3种增容方法进行比较分析;接着综述了木质素复合材料中增容方法的交叉复合使用;最后对未来木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料界面增容的研究方向以及思路进行了展望。     

Characterization of chlorophyll pigments present in canola seed,meal and oil

Chlorophyll pigments present in canola seed, meal and crude and degummed oils were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector. Chlorophylls a and b, low levels of pheophytin a, and occasionally traces of pheophorbide and its methyl ester were present in canola seed. Meals and oils contained magnesium-deficient chlorophyll pigments such as pheophorbide a, methylpheophorbide a, pheophytins a and b, and pyropheophytins a and b but not chlorophyll a or b. The amounts of chlorophyll pigments were oil > seed >> meal. Both crude and degummed oils contained pheophytin a and pyropheophytin a as main components, but the ratio of pyropheophytin a to pheophytin a was markedly higher in degummed oils. No pheophorbides were detected in degummed oils. These results suggest that oil processing steps such as extraction and degumming affect the composition of chlorophyll pigments. Publication No. 678 Canadian Grain Commission.     

塑料挤出机螺杆,机筒耐磨损,耐腐蚀的强化与应用

对塑料挤出机,注塑机螺杆,机筒的磨损,腐蚀原因及提高螺杆,机筒耐磨损,耐腐蚀的方法、制造与应用作了较详尽的介绍。     

工业生产中物位测量的探讨与研究

在工业生产中常常会遇到常温,常压和一般介质的液位,料位和界面的测量,也会遇到高温,高压,易燃易爆,腐蚀性较强的液位,料位和界面的测量。在工业生产中物位测量有接触式和非接触式测量。但应根据生产工况及技术要求来合理选用。     

A Simulation Model for Heat Pump Dryer Plants for Fruits and Roots.

Dryer design requires food properties, drying rate and mass-heat transfer coefficients. These values change continuously during drying due to changes in food fractions, particularly the water fraction. The high energy demand and costs allied to inefficient devices, creates a great need for new processing equipment. Along these guide-lines, several heat pump drying research projects were established at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The heat pump dryer provides high quality final product as its drying conditions can be controlled. Its efficiency and non-polluting operation come from closed air-refrigerant circuits and from its ability to fully recover the latent heat of moist air as it exits the drying chamber. Most of the above features are quite the opposite of the conventional dryer characteristics. Several experiments were made on heat pump drying of fruits and roots at temperatures from -22.5 to 40°C to obtain data and correlations on thermophysical properties, specific enthalpy and rehydration. Also, tests were done on drying rate, moisture content, drying constant, effective mass diffusivity and heat and mass transfer equations. The next important phase is the development of a simulation model to predict the performance and characteristics of the heat pump dryer plant. The objectives of the present work are to develop and lo test a heat pump dryer simulation model. The simulation provides results on the characteristics of both plant and components which are integrated by heat and mass transfer equations. The program has menus with click-on icons, input and output pop-up dialogue boxes. The usual commands such as, file-open, file-save, edit-delete are available in this program simply called Hpdryer. The model contains moist air psychrometric. natural and conventional refrigerant property libraries. Ammonia is a time-tested, self-alarming and natural refrigerant. It has been used extensively in the past, and it has better thermodynamic and transport properties than halocarbons. Safety is easily attained by design and its restrictive standards have helped increase its use in several countries. There are 36 ammonia installations in Norway and in the United Kingdom, including a drying plant. Ammonia has zero Odp, zero Gwp and the recent R&D has led to viable small-sale heat pump plants. Ammonia and dichlarodifluoromethane refrigerants were used in the test cases simulated by Hpdryer madel.     

The Body’s Cellular and Molecular Response to Protein-Coated Medical Device Implants: A Review Focused on Fibronectin and BMP Proteins

Recent years have seen a marked rise in implantation into the body of a great variety of devices: hip, knee, and shoulder replacements, pacemakers, meshes, glucose sensors, and many others. Cochlear and retinal implants are being developed to restore hearing and sight. After surgery to implant a device, adjacent cells interact with the implant and release molecular signals that result in attraction, infiltration of the tissue, and attachment to the implant of various cell types including monocytes, macrophages, and platelets. These cells release additional signaling molecules (chemokines and cytokines) that recruit tissue repair cells to the device site. Some implants fail and require additional revision surgery that is traumatic for the patient and expensive for the payer. This review examines the literature for evidence to support the possibility that fibronectins and BMPs could be coated on the implants as part of the manufacturing process so that the proteins could be released into the tissue surrounding the implant and improve the rate of successful implantation.     

Intricate Connections between the Microbiota and Endometriosis

Imbalances in gut and reproductive tract microbiota composition, known as dysbiosis, disrupt normal immune function, leading to the elevation of proinflammatory cytokines, compromised immunosurveillance and altered immune cell profiles, all of which may contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Over time, this immune dysregulation can progress into a chronic state of inflammation, creating an environment conducive to increased adhesion and angiogenesis, which may drive the vicious cycle of endometriosis onset and progression. Recent studies have demonstrated both the ability of endometriosis to induce microbiota changes, and the ability of antibiotics to treat endometriosis. Endometriotic microbiotas have been consistently associated with diminished Lactobacillus dominance, as well as the elevated abundance of bacterial vaginosis-related bacteria and other opportunistic pathogens. Possible explanations for the implications of dysbiosis in endometriosis include the Bacterial Contamination Theory and immune activation, cytokine-impaired gut function, altered estrogen metabolism and signaling, and aberrant progenitor and stem-cell homeostasis. Although preliminary, antibiotic and probiotic treatments have demonstrated efficacy in treating endometriosis, and female reproductive tract (FRT) microbiota sampling has successfully predicted disease risk and stage. Future research should aim to characterize the “core” upper FRT microbiota and elucidate mechanisms behind the relationship between the microbiota and endometriosis.