负载金属卟啉氧化异丙苯的研究

研制了异丙苯氧化制取二甲基节醇及过氧化异丙苯的负载型金属卟啉催化剂。其活性及选择性均较高,且易回收。金属卟啉类的活性顺序为：Cu＞Co＞Mn＞Fe＞Cr＞Pd＞Ni。卟啉环的中位苯基上的供电子基团有利于催化活性的提高。铜卟啉负载于不同载体的活性顺序为：TiO₂＞γ-Al₂O₃＞苯聚乙烯（交联）＞D261阴离子交换树脂＞无载体（均相）。加入有机含氮碱配位体可使铜外琳活性进一步提高,并降低其他金属卟啉的活性催化剂经十余次运转后活性下降约20％,此后无进一步明显下降。     

金属卟啉负载炭黑电催化剂氧还原性能

合成了四甲氧基苯基钴卟啉（CoTMPP）和四甲氧基苯基铁卟啉（FeTMPP）配合物,分别负载于经过双氧水和硝酸预处理且掺杂了MnO_x的炭载体,用于质子交换膜燃料电池阴极氧还原反应电催化剂.讨论了不同中心金属离子、不同载体、不同预处理方法和不同焙烧温度对催化剂催化活性的影响.通过旋转圆盘电极技术（RDE）和紫外可见光谱（UV-vis）测试,利用循环伏安曲线（CV）和Koutevky-Levich关系式评价了电催化剂对氧还原反应的电催化性能.研究表明,CoTMPP负载于双氧水处理过的炭载体BP 2000上活性最好,焙烧的最佳温度是900℃,同时发现在载体中掺杂MnO_x并没有达到预期效果.     

铜含量对Cu/CeO2水煤气变换催化剂性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了不同铜含量的Cu/CeO₂水煤气变换催化剂，考察了铜含量对催化活性的影响。结果表明，Cu/CeO₂催化剂呈现出良好的水煤气变换活性。铜含量对催化活性有显著影响，铜摩尔分数为50%时，催化剂的低温活性最高，在200 ℃时CO转化率达到66.1%。Cu/CeO₂与FBD型铁基高温变换催化剂相比，具有低温活性好、活性温区宽的特点。用XRD、N2吸附法、H₂-TPR和CO-TPD对催化剂进行了表征，结果表明,无定形CuO、纳米颗粒CuO等可能是催化反应的活性物种，晶粒CuO对催化活性影响不大。铜含量的催化剂在不同温度下呈现出不同的活性。     

取代基及中心金属离子对卟啉电子结构及催化活性的影响

通过调变取代基及中心金属离子种类调控金属卟啉的微观分子结构和宏观性质与功能是设计高活性、高选择性的金属卟啉催化剂的关键及富有挑战性的课题。取代基和中心金属离子对金属卟啉电子结构性质的影响研究可为金属卟啉催化剂的精确设计提供重要的理论依据。采用基于密度泛函理论计算化学方法系统地研究了不同取代基(-OCH₃、-CH₃、-H、-NO₂)及中心金属离子(Mn、Fe、Co、Cu、Zn)对卟啉电子结构性质的影响,试图从本质上理解金属卟啉微观结构和宏观催化性能的关系。结果表明,吸电子基-NO₂总是降低金属卟啉的最高占据轨道(HOMO)和最低未占据轨道(LUMO)能级,而供电子基-CH₃和-OCH₃总是升高金属卟啉的HOMO和LUMO能级。变价金属(Mn、Fe、Co)卟啉的前线分子轨道主要由金属离子的3 d轨道组成,有利于活化分子氧。不变价金属(Cu、Zn)卟啉的前线分子轨道的成分为卟啉配体形成的大π键,电子流动性好,故不变价金属也有较高的催化活性。Fukui函数分析表明变价金属卟啉的活性中心位于中心金属离子,而不变价金属卟啉的活性中心可能在卟啉配体上。     

载体对Ni基催化剂催化蒽醌加氢活性的影响

研究了载体对Ni基催化剂用于蒽醌法制备H₂O₂加氢活性的影响,同时对比了骨架镍的催化活性,考察Ni负载量对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,负载在SiO₂上的催化剂比负载在γ-Al₂O₃上的催化活性高,对于Ni/SiO₂催化剂,Ni负载质量分数28.57%～50%时,加氢活性较高,按单位质量纯Ni上H₂O₂产量计算,Ni/SiO₂优于骨架镍催化剂,Ni负载量过高时,加氢活性降低。2-乙基蒽醌在Ni/SiO₂催化剂上的加氢为结构敏感型反应,当Ni在SiO₂的分散度达到约18%时,催化活性较佳。     

取代铁卟啉催化氧化邻硝基甲苯绿色合成邻硝基苯甲酸

研究了一种在乙醇水溶液中，以取代铁卟啉为仿生催化剂，催化氧气氧化邻硝基甲苯绿色合成邻硝基苯甲酸的新方法。考察了不同取代铁卟啉催化剂对反应活性和主产物选择性的影响，发现所有铁卟啉均有活性，且卟啉环外取代基从强给电子基（—OH）到吸电子基（—NO₂）变化时，其催化活性（原料转化率）变化不大，但对主产物的选择性影响却很明显，其中T(p-Cl)PPFeCl的催化活性和选择性均为最好，含最强给电子基（—OH）或最强吸电子基（—NO₂）的金属卟啉对主产物的选择性均最低。考察了溶剂中乙醇的体积分数对反应的影响，发现在乙醇浓度为80 % 时，产物的选择性最高。系统地考察了碱浓度、氧气压力、温度、时间、原料初始浓度等因素对反应的影响，找到了优化的工艺条件。发现以T(p-Cl)PPFeCl为催化剂，当乙醇浓度为80%、碱浓度为3. 75 mol·L^-1时，在2. 0 MPa、55℃条件下反应12 h，邻硝基甲苯的转化率达到79. 7%，邻硝基苯甲酸的选择性和收率分别可达95. 8% 和76. 3%。     

新型离子液体的合成及其阳离子基团缓蚀性能

以高纯环烷酸为原料,合成了一系列含咪唑啉环的新型离子液体Ⅰ～Ⅴ,探讨了阳离子咪唑啉基团中N_（3）原子上取代基与缓蚀性能的关系.采用碳钢挂片失重法和电化学测试法,评价了它们在酸性溶液中的缓蚀性能;采用量子化学法和极化效应指数法,分别计算了离子液体Ⅰ～Ⅴ阳离子咪唑啉基团的前线轨道能量及其相应的PEI等参数.实验结果和理论分析表明：离子液体Ⅰ～Ⅴ阳离子咪唑啉基团的缓蚀效率呈现如下关系,Ⅴ＞Ⅳ＞Ⅲ＞Ⅱ＞Ⅰ;其缓蚀效率与E_HOMO、ΔE_L-H和PEI等参数间均具有良好的线性关系.     

环己烷氧化制取己二酸反应中铁卟啉催化剂结构与己二酸选择性关系的研究

以一系列不同取代基的氯化铁卟啉催化氧气氧化环己烷制取己二酸为模型反应,采用半经验PM3方法对这些铁卟啉化合物进行量子化学计算.将计算的微观结构参数(Fe-C1键长、最高占据轨道能量EHOMO等)与宏观的催化剂性能实验数据(己二酸选择性)相结合,系统地研究了上述催化剂的结构与己二酸选择性的关系.并根据此定量关系,预测了T(p-CH3)PPFeCl卟啉催化剂的选择性,经实验验证其预测的选择性与实验值相符.由此可见采用相关性模型来预测未知催化剂的选择性是可行的.     

工业化甲醇催化剂在CO2加氢制备甲醇过程中的应用研究

系统地将工业化甲醇催化剂应用于CO₂加氢制备甲醇反应中,考察5种工业化甲醇催化剂在CO₂加氢反应中的反应活性,运用ICP、N₂-物理吸附、XRD和H₂-TPR等手段对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,Cu/Zn/Al催化剂具有较高的CO₂加氢反应活性,在温度220 ℃和压力3 MPa条件下,CO₂转化率为22.9%,甲醇选择性为64.8%。催化剂活性与组分含量、晶粒大小、比表面积和孔结构等因素有关,CuO和ZnO组分含量越高,催化活性越好,适度晶粒大小的CuO物种可能是该反应中有效催化活性位前驱体,反应规律与甲酸铜中间体理论基本吻合;高比表面积和规整孔结构均有助于提高催化活性。     

金属卟啉仿生催化制备环氧丙烷

制备了四苯基卟啉、四-4-甲氧基苯基卟啉、四-4-氟苯基卟啉及3种卟啉相对应的钴、锰、铁金属卟啉,并利用Cary紫外可见分光光度计(UV-vis)和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)对金属卟啉进行了表征;以制备的不同金属卟啉为催化剂,丙烯为原料,氧气为氧化剂,仿生催化丙烯氧化合成环氧丙烷。考察了金属卟啉催化剂类型、金属卟啉催化剂浓度、反应压力、反应温度、反应时间对反应的影响,结果发现上述因素对反应收率、转化率、选择性均有显著影响,且都有一个最佳值,获得的最优化反应条件为:选取四-4-氟苯基铁卟啉为催化剂,催化剂浓度为1.35×10^-5mol/L,反应压力1.75MPa,反应温度100℃,反应时间为2h。在最优化的反应条件下,环氧丙烷的收率达到了40.38%,丙烯转化率达到了47.09%,环氧丙烷选择性达到了85.75%。     

金属卟啉仿生催化氧气氧化4-甲基吡啶制备异烟酸

研究了一种以金属卟啉为仿生催化剂,催化氧气液相氧化4-甲基吡啶绿色合成异烟酸(4-吡啶羧酸)的新方法。考察了不同金属卟啉对反应活性和目标产物选择性的影响,发现所有金属卟啉均具有良好的催化活性。系统地考察了温度、时间、氧气压力及催化剂浓度等因素对异烟酸选择性和收率的影响,结果表明,以5.0×10-5 mol/L的T(p-Cl)PPFeCl为催化剂,在1.25 mol/L的NaOH-EtOH溶液中于80℃、1.0 MPa的条件下反应8 h时,可得选择性为92.8%、收率为18.1%的异烟酸。     

Corrosion Inhibition Efficiency,Electrochemical and Quantum Chemical Studies of Some New Nonionic Surfactants for Carbon Steel in Acidic Media

In this work, three types of nonionic surfactant as corrosion inhibitors were synthesized. The chemical structure of the prepared inhibitors was confirmed using FT‐IR and ¹H‐NMR spectroscopy. The surface tension and thermodynamic properties of these inhibitors were investigated. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of these surfactants was investigated on a carbon steel surface in 1 M HCl solution by weight loss and electrochemical measurements. Untreated and treated steel surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Results show that the inhibition efficiency of the prepared inhibitors increases with increasing the ethylene oxide units. Also, the potentiodynamic polarization curves indicated that the investigated inhibitors behave as a mixed type inhibitor. Adsorption of these surfactants on the carbon steel surface was found to obey Langmuir's adsorption isotherm. The computed quantum chemical properties viz., electron affinity (EA), highest occupied molecular orbital (E_HOMO), the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (E_LUMO), energy gap ΔE = E_HOMO ? E_LUMO, dipole moment (μ), polarizability and total energy (E_T) show good correlation with experimental inhibition efficiency.     

Corrosion inhibitors part V: QSAR of benzimidazole and 2-substituted derivatives as corrosion inhibitors by using the quantum chemical parameters

Quantum chemical SCF calculations of some parameters of benzimidazoles were correlated with their inhibition efficiency in case of steel in aqueous acidic medium. Geometric structures, total negative charge on the molecule (TNC), highest occupied molecular orbital (E_HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (E_LUMO), dipole moment (μ) and linear solvation energy terms, molecular volume (Vi) and dipolar-polarization (π*) were correlated to corrosion inhibition efficiency. The correlation between quantum parameters obtained by AM1 calculation and experimental inhibition efficiency has been validated by single point calculations for the semi-empirical AM1 structure using B3LYP/6-31G* as a higher level of theory. Equations were proposed using linear regression analysis to calculate corrosion inhibition efficiency. It was established that the increase of the orbital energies E_HOMO favors the inhibition efficiency toward steel corrosion. The proposed linear equations were applied to predict the corrosion inhibition efficiency of some related structures in order to select molecules of possible activity from a library compounds.     

Studies on QSAR of metalloporphyrin catalysts in the oxidation of cyclohexane to adipic acid

The catalysis of chloridized metalloporphyrins in the oxidation of cyclohexane to adipic acid was systematically investigated. The turnover numbers (TON) data of 19 catalysts were obtained experimentally under optimal reaction conditions, and 2.4×10⁶ TON for T(o-Cl)PP-Mn^IIICl catalyst at 2.0×10⁻⁶ mol/L of dosage was reached under the conditions of dioxygen pressure of 2.5 MPa at 150°C for 4 h. This was the best result reported for this reaction up to now. The QSAR models for each concerned metalloporphyrin were established, where the catalytic activity was significantly correlated with the E _LUMO (the energy level of the lowest unoccupied molecule orbit) and L _M-N (the bond length between metal-nitrogen atoms). Using the QSAR models, four new metalloporphyrins with substituted nitro group were designed, and their catalytic activities were predicted. The experimental TON data of newly designed porphyrins were in good agreement with the predicted ones, and the square of their correlation coefficient was more than 0.958. The above results demonstrated that the proposed structure-activity relationship model could be applied to design some new metalloporphyrin catalysts, and to predict their catalytic activity in cyclohexane oxidation.     

Corrosion inhibitors : Part II: Quantum chemical studies on the corrosion inhibitions of steel in acidic medium by some triazole, oxadiazole and thiadiazole derivatives

The corrosion inhibition efficiencies of some triazole, oxadiazole and thiadiazole derivatives for steel in presence of acidic medium have been studied by using AM1, PM3, MINDO/3 and MNDO semi-empirical SCF molecular orbital methods. Geometric structures, total negative charge on the molecule (TNC), highest occupied molecular energy level (E_HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular energy level (E_LUMO), core-core repulsion (CCR), dipole moment (μ) and linear solvation energy terms, molecular volume (V_i) and dipolar-polarization (π^*), were correlated to corrosion inhibition efficiency. Four equations were proposed to calculate corrosion inhibition efficiency. The agreement with the experimental data was found to be satisfactory; the standard deviations between the calculated and experimental results ranged between ±0.03 and ±4.18. The inhibition efficiency was closely related to orbital energies (E_HOMO and E_LUMO) and μ. The correlation between quantum parameters and experimental inhibition efficiency has been validated by single point calculations for the semi-empirical AM1 structures using B3LYP/6-31G^** as a higher level of theory. The proposed equations were applied to predict the corrosion inhibition efficiency of some related structures to select molecules of possible activity from a presumable library of compounds.     

Electrochemical and DFT studies of β-amino-alcohols as corrosion inhibitors for brass

The electrochemical performance of 1-diethylamino-propan-2-ol (EAP) and 1,3-bis-diethylamino-propan-2-ol (DEAP) for brass in simulated atmospheric water is evaluated by potentiodynamic curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The experimental results show that the investigated compounds, which can effectively retard the anodic dissolution of brass, are anodic inhibitors. Furthermore, the inhibition efficiency of DEAP is higher than that of EAP at the same concentration. This observation is supported by density functional theoretical (DFT) parameters such as the highest occupied molecule energy level (E_HOMO), the lowest unoccupied molecule energy level (E_LUMO), the energy difference (ΔE) between E_HOMO and E_LUMO, Mulliken charges and the HOMO orbital.     

Cobalt Porphyrins Immobilized on Polymer Microspheres as Catalysts for the Oxidation of 2-naphthol to 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone by Molecular Oxygen

Abstract  

Three types of porous polymer microspheres immobilized with cobalt porphyrins appending p–H, p-Cl and p-NO₂ phenyl substituents (designated as CoPP-GMA/MMA, CoCPP-GMA/MMA and CoNPP-GMA/MMA, respectively) were prepared. Their catalytic activities on the oxidation of 2-naphthol to 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone by molecular oxygen were investigated in alkaline methanol. The experimental results showed that the porous microsphere supported cobalt porphyrin catalysts could effectively activate molecular oxygen, and 2-naphthol was selectively oxidized to 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone with high conversion in alkaline methanol. A phenomenon of distance-dependent catalytic activity was observed and a critical distance of 3.8 nm between porphyrins was determined for the porous polymer microsphere supported catalyst. More interestingly, the activity of the recycled catalyst increased gradually with the increased times of reuse. These results may be helpful in designing highly efficient metalloporphyrin catalysts.     

Mn、Fe取代六铝酸盐的结构和甲烷催化燃烧性能

采用化学可控共沉淀法制备了系列取代六铝酸盐LaMe_xAl_12-xO_19-δ（Me＝Fe、Mn）催化剂,研究了焙烧温度和Fe、Mn的离子取代量对催化剂比表面、结构及甲烷催化燃烧活性的影响.结果表明,催化剂前驱物经1000℃焙烧,催化剂中开始有六铝酸盐晶相生成; 当焙烧温度提高到1200℃时,样品主要以六铝酸盐晶相存在.增加Fe、Mn离子取代量可以提高六铝酸盐晶相的结晶度,但同时导致晶粒增大,引起比表面下降.由XPS和TPR分析表明,Mn在六铝酸盐结构中以+2价和+3价混合价态存在,而Fe以+3价形式存在.用Fe和Mn离子取代晶格中的Al³⁺大大提高了六铝酸盐对甲烷催化燃烧活性,当Mn离子的取代数为1,Fe离子的取代数为2时催化剂的活性最高.