煤气化技术应用的新领域——IGCC

从供电效率、环保性能、燃煤适应性等方面论述了整体煤气化联合循环发电(IGCC)的主要特点;评述了与IGCC相关的固定床煤气化技术、流化床煤气化技术和气流床煤气化技术;通过对目前世界上典型的4种煤气化工艺建设的大型IGCC工业示范装置的技术经济指标比较,对建设IGCC工程煤气化工艺的选择提出了建议。     

清洁煤发电的CCS和IGCC联产技术

煤气化联合循环(IGCC)发电技术是煤气化和燃气—蒸汽联合循环的结合,是当今国际正在兴起的一种先进的洁净煤(CCT)发电技术,其具有高效、低污染、节水、综合利用好等优点。碳捕捉及封存技术(CCS)和整体煤气化联合循环技术(IGCC)被认为是最有潜力的技术。介绍了整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)系统、构成及发展现状,总结了二氧化碳的收集方式和封存方法。指出了成本问题是困扰CCS和IGCC的联产应用的主要障碍,并提出了几点发展措施。     

清洁煤发电的CCS和IGCC联产技术

煤气化联合循环(IGCC)发电技术是煤气化和燃气一蒸汽联合循环的结合,是当今国际正在兴起的一种先进的洁净煤(CCT)发电技术,具有高效、低污染、节水、综合利用好等优点。碳捕捉及封存技术(CCS)和整体煤气化联合循环技术(IGCC)被认为是最有潜力的技术。介绍了整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)系统、构成及发展现状,总结了二氧化碳的收集方式和封存方法。指出了成本问题是困扰CCS和IGCC的联产应用的主要障碍,并提出了几点发展措施。     

信息

华能集团建成整体煤气化联合循环发电示范电站中国华能集团公司日前在天津滨海新区建成投产了我国首座整体煤气化联合循环发电IGCC示范电站,标志着国内洁净煤发电技术取得了重大突破,使我国已成为世界上为数不多掌握IGCC发电技术的国     

湿空气透平循环将简化煤的气化发电

0 引言煤气化联合循环(IGCC)发电技术在环境保护上优于传统的和先进的燃煤发电技术,它排放的 NO_x,SO_x,CO_2和废料均较少。而煤气化湿空气透平循环(IGHAT)将提供一种环境性能、投资费用和热耗率均低于 IGCC 的发电方式。本文将介绍这种优化的发电方式。     

IGCC环保特性的研究

分析了整体煤气化联合循环发电(IGCC)控制污染物排放的途径和措施,通过与常规电站污染物排放指标的对比,表明IGCC是一种先进的洁净煤发电技术,它具有高效、低污染等优良的环保特性。     

两段式干煤粉气化技术效力IGCC

<正>从中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司获悉,中国首座煤气化联合循环电站——华能天津IGCC(整体煤气化联合循环发电系统)示范电站工程正式投产,标志着我国洁净煤发电技术取得了重大突破。该电站采用华能具有自主知识产权的两段式干煤粉气化炉等多项新技术、新工艺。2012年11月6日,整套装置顺利通过72+     

基于低碳排放的IGCC发电模型研究

整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)发电技术具有发电效率高、污染物排放低、节水性能先进、有利于实现CO2减排等特点,是国际上公认的洁净、高效的发电技术之一。建立了基于低碳排放的IGCC发电模型,并分别对IGCC发电系统的两部分(煤气化系统和燃气-蒸汽轮机联合循环发电系统)建立了评价子模型。通过模型,计算不同煤质的IGCC系统能效、供电标煤耗及单位电量CO2排放量,并将模型计算结果与国内电厂的煤气化粗煤气组成、国际上大型联合循环机组的热效率进行了对比,验证了模型的合理性和准确性。     

斜孔塔板上气液两相局部统计特性研究

<正>煤气化生成的合成气用途广泛,就煤气用途而言主要有两个方面:整体煤气化联合循环发电(IGCC)和作为合成化工产品的原料。他们都对煤气净化提出严格的要求。未经净化的煤气直接进入IGCC系统,不仅影响传热效果还会影响设备的使用寿命,同时也会污染环境;而作为合成化工产品原料,如合成氨、醇类、烃类等碳氧化合物,在合成化工     

燃煤联合循环发电技术及其发展前景

介绍了国内外整体煤气化和增压流化床联合循环的发展现状,阐述了燃煤联合循环的主要技术特点。根据中国能源资源和电力工业的发展及环境状况,分析了在中国发展燃煤联合循环发电技术的必要性。     

燃煤电站与光伏余热辅助胺法脱碳系统集成

为应对全球变暖问题,对现有燃煤电站进行碳捕集改造以及大力发展清洁能源势在必行。化学吸收法在碳捕集技术中发展最为成熟,但其再生能耗极高严重影响了燃煤电站自身的发电效率,因此有学者提出通过清洁能源辅助碳捕集的利用方式,其中光热辅助碳捕集应用最为广泛,但该利用方式未发挥单一光热的利用潜力。通过利用聚光光伏发电过程中产生的大量低品位废热辅助碳捕集可以提高光伏系统效率同时对低品位废热进行了有效利用。基于此构思了聚光光伏-光伏余热直接辅助碳捕集的新系统,建立了聚光砷化镓-余热辅助胺法脱碳的能量转化模型,验证了聚光光伏余热在质和量上都具有直接辅助胺法脱碳的潜力,依据热耗灵敏度分析优化了胺法脱碳系统关键参数,其最低热耗可达3.7 GJ/t,分析了电池工作温度及辐照强度对系统碳捕集性能以及光电效率的影响规律,确定了电池最优工作温度为140℃。将新系统集成于典型600 MW燃煤电站,并与参比系统比较可得:相较于单一燃煤碳捕集,电站发电效率提升6.01个百分点,同时增加光伏发电185.2 MW;相较于单一光伏发电,光伏发电量降低15.79 MW,但占接收太阳能60%的余热得到了有效利用,可实现CO₂捕集461.75 t/h。新系统在典型日的光伏日均发电为61.8 MW,日均碳捕集量为155.6 t/h,为实现年碳捕集保证率达80%以上,需要约4 km²以上的聚光面积。新系统利用光伏余热代替了原本从电站低压缸抽汽,消除了碳捕集对电站的能源惩罚,同时将高品位的太阳能转化为电,并对低品位的光伏余热进行对口利用。系统最终实现了太阳能的高效利用以及化石能源的并行清洁利用。     

Optimization of energy usage for fleet‐wide power generating system under carbon mitigation options

This article presents a fleet‐wide model for energy planning that can be used to determine the optimal structure necessary to meet a given CO₂ reduction target while maintaining or enhancing power to the grid. The model incorporates power generation as well as CO₂ emissions from a fleet of generating stations (hydroelectric, fossil fuel, nuclear, and wind). The model is formulated as a mixed integer program and is used to optimize an existing fleet as well as recommend new additional generating stations, carbon capture and storage, and retrofit actions to meet a CO₂ reduction target and electricity demand at a minimum overall cost. The model was applied to the energy supply system operated by Ontario power generation (OPG) for the province of Ontario, Canada. In 2002, OPG operated 79 electricity generating stations; 5 are fueled with coal (with a total of 23 boilers), 1 by natural gas (4 boilers), 3 nuclear, 69 hydroelectric and 1 wind turbine generating a total of 115.8 TWh. No CO₂ capture process existed at any OPG power plant; about 36.7 million tonnes of CO₂ was emitted in 2002, mainly from fossil fuel power plants. Four electricity demand scenarios were considered over a span of 10 years and for each case the size of new power generation capacity with and without capture was obtained. Six supplemental electricity generating technologies have been allowed for: subcritical pulverized coal‐fired (PC), PC with carbon capture (PC+CCS), integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC), IGCC with carbon capture (IGCC+CCS), natural gas combined cycle (NGCC), and NGCC with carbon capture (NGCC+CCS). The optimization results showed that fuel balancing alone can contribute to the reduction of CO₂ emissions by only 3% and a slight, 1.6%, reduction in the cost of electricity compared to a calculated base case. It was found that a 20% CO₂ reduction at current electricity demand could be achieved by implementing fuel balancing and switching 8 out of 23 coal‐fired boilers to natural gas. However, as demand increases, more coal‐fired boilers needed to be switched to natural gas as well as the building of new NGCC and NGCC+CCS for replacing the aging coal‐fired power plants. To achieve a 40% CO₂ reduction at 1.0% demand growth rate, four new plants (2 NGCC, 2 NGCC+CCS) as well as carbon capture processes needed to be built. If greater than 60% CO₂ reductions are required, NGCC, NGCC+CCS, and IGCC+CCS power plants needed to be put online in addition to carbon capture processes on coal‐fired power plants. The volatility of natural gas prices was found to have a significant impact on the optimal CO₂ mitigation strategy and on the cost of electricity generation. Increasing the natural gas prices resulted in early aggressive CO₂ mitigation strategies especially at higher growth rate demands. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

燃烧前CO2捕集技术在IGCC发电中的应用

由于整体煤气化联合循环（IGCC）发电本身的技术特点,使得其非常适合于进行燃烧前CO₂捕集。针对IGCC特点,提出了一种MDEA脱酸气结合湿法氧化法硫回收的燃烧前CO₂捕集流程。通过模拟计算,验证了流程的可行性。将其与IGCC发电系统集成,对比计算了有无燃烧前CO₂捕集的IGCC系统供电效率等相关参数,燃烧前CO₂捕集使IGCC供电效率降低约10个百分点。分析指出了导致包含燃烧前CO₂捕集的IGCC供电效率降低的3个因素：蒸汽消耗、燃料化学能损失和新增动力设备电耗,并据此确定了今后的优化方向。     

火电厂和IGCC及煤气化SOFC混合循环减排CO2的分析

二氧化碳减排已经成为缓解全球气候变化的一个重要议题 .目前 ,火电厂排放的 CO2约占中国 CO2 排放量的 1 /3左右 ,减少其 CO2 排放可以通过提高能量转化效率和回收封存 CO2 两种主要方式 .常规锅炉汽机电厂、IGCC以及煤气化 -固体氧化物燃料电池 ( SOFC)混合循环分别代表了现在、近期及未来燃煤电厂的典型配置 ,超临界及超超临界电厂效率可以达到 40 %以上 ,采用GEH型等先进燃气轮机的 IGCC可提高到 5 0 %以上 ,而混合循环电厂的效率则有望达到 60 %以上 .利用 Aspen Plus TM对这三种电厂进行了模拟 ,考察了三者在回收 CO2 前后性能的变化 .在此基础上 ,分析了减排 CO2 及征收排放税等措施对各电厂发电成本的影响 ,进而就未来如何促进电厂减排 CO2 进行了探讨 .     

Cost of energy analysis of integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant with respect to CO2 capture ratio under climate change scenarios

This paper presents the results of the cost of energy (COE) analysis of an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant with respect to CO₂ capture ratio under the climate change scenarios. To obtain process data for a COE analysis, simulation models of IGCC power plants and an IGCC with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) power plant, developed by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) and National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), have been adopted and simulated using Aspen Plus. The concept of 20-year levelized cost of energy (LCOE), and the climate change scenarios suggested by International Energy Agency (IEA) are also adopted to compare the COE of IGCC power plants with respect to CO₂ capture ratio more realistically. Since previous studies did not consider fuel price and CO₂ price changes, the reliability of previous results of LCOE is not good enough to be accepted for an economic comparison of IGCC power plants with respect to CO₂ capture ratio. In this study, LCOEs which consider price changes of fuel and CO₂ with respect to the climate change scenarios are proposed in order to increase the reliability of an economic comparison. And the results of proposed LCOEs of an IGCC without CCS power plant and IGCC with CCS (30%, 50%, 70% and 90% capture-mole basis- of CO₂ in syngas stream) power plants are presented.     

印刷电路板换热器结构及传热关联式研究进展

印刷电路板换热器的流道是由光化学反应在金属换热板上刻蚀形成,采用扩散连接的方式将冷热换热板叠加成换热芯体。与传统换热器相比,印刷电路板换热器具有效率高、结构紧凑、高耐温耐压性等诸多优势,目前在核电站、新型太阳能发电、制氢工业以及燃气轮机中均有广泛应用。为了进一步提高印刷电路板换热器的综合性能,使其得到更广泛的应用,本文对印刷电路板换热器的性能评价指标、结构优化研究现状以及相关的工业应用进行了全面的归纳和分析,同时通过回顾国内外相关研究,对印刷电路板换热器（PCHE）未来的发展方向和应用潜力进行了展望,为印刷电路板换热器的结构设计优化提供参考。     

Techno-economic assessment of pulverized coal boilers and IGCC power plants with CO 2 capture

The current studies on power plant technologies suggest that Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) systems are an effective and economic CO₂ capture technology pathway. In addition, the system in conventional configuration has the advantage of being more “CO₂ capture ready” than other technologies. Pulverized coal boilers (PC) have, however, proven high technical performance attributes and are economically often most practical technologies. To highlight the pros and cons of both technologies in connection with an integrated CO₂ capture, a comparative analysis of ultrasupercritical PC and IGCC is carried out in this paper. The technical design, the mass and energy balance and the system optimizations are implemented by using the ECLIPSE chemical plant simulation software package. Built upon these technologies, the CO₂ capture facilities are incorporated within the system. The most appropriate CO₂ capture systems for the PC system selected for this work are the oxy-fuel system and the postcombustion scheme using Monoethanolamine solvent scrubber column (MEA). The IGCC systems are designed in two configurations: Water gas shift reactor and Selexol-based separation. Both options generate CO₂-rich and hydrogen rich-gas streams. Following the comparative analysis of the technical performance attributes of the above cycles, the economic assessment is carried out using the economic toolbox of ECLIPSE is seamlessly connected to the results of the mass and energy balance as well as the utility usages. The total cost assessment is implemented according to the step-count exponential costing method using the dominant factors and/or a combination of parameters. Subsequently, based on a set of assumptions, the net present value estimation is implemented to calculate the breakeven electricity selling prices and the CO₂ avoidance cost.     

Simulation of a calcium looping CO2 capture process for pressurized fluidized bed combustion

The Canadian regulations on carbon dioxide emissions from power plants aim to lower the emissions from coal-fired units down to those of natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) units. Since coal is significantly more carbon intensive than natural gas, coal-fired plants must operate at higher net efficiencies and implement carbon capture to meet the new regulations. Calcium looping (CaL) is a promising post-combustion carbon capture (PCC) technology that, unlike other capture processes, generates additional power. By capturing carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures, the energy penalty that carbon capture technologies inherently impose on power plant efficiencies is significantly reduced. In this work, the CO₂ capture performance of a calcium-based sorbent is determined via thermogravimetric analysis under relatively high carbonation and low calcination temperatures. The results are used in an aspenONE™ simulation of a CaL process applied to a pressurized fluidized bed combustion (PFBC) system at thermodynamic equilibrium. The combustion of both natural gas and coal are considered for sorbent calcination in the CaL process. A sensitivity analysis on several process parameters, including sorbent feed rate and carbonator operating pressure, is undertaken. The energy penalty associated with the capture process ranges from 6.8–11.8 percentage points depending on fuel selection and operating conditions. The use of natural gas results in lower energy penalties and solids circulation rates, while operating the carbonator at 202 kPa(a) results in the lowest penalties and drops the solids circulations rates to below 1000 kg/s.     

德士古废锅流程水煤浆加压气化工艺在煤化工联合发电中的应用

介绍了德士古全废锅流程气化技术在煤化工联产发电中的工艺流程,并将其与激冷流程进行了比较,两者主要不同之处在余热回收利用方面。详细分析了全废锅流程在余热回收利用方面的应用和其操作工艺条件,发现该流程不仅可回收大量余热进行发电,以满足煤化工生产厂本身的用电需求;同时与单纯火力发电相比,可减少大量污染物的排放,符合国家促进低碳经济转型的要求。     

多孔碳结构调控及其在二氧化碳吸附领域的应用

CO_2大量排放引发的温室效应已成为当今世界面临的重要环境问题。燃煤发电厂是CO_2的集中排放源,其排放量约占总排放量的42%,因此,燃煤发电厂烟道气中CO_2的高效捕集迫在眉睫。吸附技术操作简便、能耗低,易于实际应用,被认为是最具前景的烟道气CO_2捕集技术。近年来,多孔碳吸附剂因原料来源广、理化特性可控性强以及目标吸附质适应性高等优点,成为当前CO_2捕集技术的研究热点。综述了近年来多孔碳的制备方法,物理活化法、化学活化法、炭气凝胶法和模板法等,以及制备方法对孔径结构、杂元素掺杂缺陷和多孔碳表面性能的调控;并阐述了孔径结构、元素掺杂和表面官能团改性对CO_2吸附量、循环稳定性、烟道气中CO_2吸附选择性的影响,归纳了多孔碳吸附在实际应用中亟需解决的问题和关键技术。可进一步深入研究机理,协同制备出更高效且适用于CO_2吸附的多孔碳。