聚合物／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究进展

综述了蒙脱土(MMT)的结构特征、蒙脱土的有机化改性、聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料(PMN)的制备方法以及聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构特性及性能特点。     

聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料研究进展

文章简要介绍了蒙脱土的结构,概述了聚合物/蒙脱土纳米蒙脱土材料的结构及性能,详细介绍了聚丙烯(PP)/蒙脱土、聚乙烯(PE)/蒙脱土、环氧树脂(EP)/蒙脱土纳米复合材料国内外最新的研究进展,叙述了聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料优良的力学性能和热学性能。最后对聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的未来发展做了预测。     

蒙脱土改性纳米复合乳液的研究进展

纳米技术是一项前沿科学技术,目前,聚合物,蒙脱土纳米复合材料是重要的工程材料之一。由于蒙脱土具有层状硅酸盐的特殊结构,使得聚合物,蒙脱土纳米复合材料的各项性能均得到较大改善。介绍了蒙脱土的特性及其复合材料的结构,详细介绍了近年来国内外学者采用共混法和插层聚合法制备蒙脱土改性纳米复合乳液所做的研究工作。对蒙脱土改性不同乳液的应用研究现状进行了综述。指出了乳液法制备聚合物／蒙脱土纳米复合材料研究中存在的问题和应努力的方向。     

聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究进展

介绍了蒙脱土的结构特点，聚合物／蒙脱土复合材料的帛备方法和分类，讨论了各种聚合物／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的性能特点和应用。聚合物／层状硅酸盐蒙脱土纳米复合材料具有优异的性能，是目前材料学科研究的热点之一。     

聚合物/粘土纳米复合材料的热稳定性能和阻燃性能

综述了国内外近年来对蒙脱土的有机改性、聚合物/粘土纳米复合材料的制备以及材料的热性能和阻燃性能等方面应用研究的现状。     

聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究进展

聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料是近十年来研究最为广泛的复合材料之一,优异的热力学性能,独特的气 液阻隔性及阻燃性赋予它广泛的工业应用前景。本文就该复合材料在蒙脱土的有机改性处理、制备、制备条件对性能的影响、表征方法及手段、材料性能特征及应用等方面作一些简单总结。     

蒙脱土的有机改性研究进展

蒙脱土由于具有独特的层状一维纳米结构特性,从而赋予了聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料优良的性能,在基础研究和实际应用中都引起人们普遍的关注。本文针对钠基蒙脱土的有机改性,按不同的有机改性剂进行分类概述,综述了近年来国内外有机改性方面的研究进展 。同时介绍了有机改性蒙脱土/聚合物纳米复合材料的独特性能;最后,对蒙脱土的有机改性剂发展方向进行了展望：研制适合不同类型的聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的有机改性剂,提高纳米复合材料的力学性能、热力学性能及其它的特殊性能等,拓宽蒙脱土的应用领域。     

原位插层聚合法制备共聚酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料

采用原位插层聚合法,制备了蒙脱土含量较高的共聚酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料,意在做母料使用,含有该母料的聚合物复合材料的染色性能、吸湿浸润性能、抗静电性能及抗紫外性能等都有所改善。阐述了合适的共聚酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备工艺,讨论了制备过程中的影响因素,结果发现:在采用酯交换-缩聚反应釜进行原位插层聚合制备共聚酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的过程中,蒙脱土在缩聚釜中加入更符合生产实际;缩聚反应的实际过程证明了蒙脱土中含有的金属离子对缩聚反应有催化作用;另外,控制聚合的最终温度不超过278℃。最后,对共聚酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构进行了表征。     

聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究进展

简要概述了聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构及性能,详细介绍了聚酰胺/蒙脱土、聚烯烃/蒙脱土和热固性树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究进展。并总结了复合材料的各种优异性能,分析了蒙脱土提高复合材料性能的机理。     

聚合物／蒙脱士纳米复合材料的研究进展

简要概述了聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构及性能,详细介绍了聚酰胺/蒙脱土、聚烯烃/蒙脱土和热固性树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究进展。并总结了复合材料的各种优异性能,分析了蒙脱士提高复合材料性能的机理。     

Preparation and properties of poly(silicone‐co‐acrylate)/montmorillonite nanocomposite emulsion

Poly (silicone‐co‐acrylate)/montmorillonite nanocomposite emulsion were prepared by in situ intercalative emulsion polymerization of acrylate and organosilicone, in the presence of organic modified montmorillonite (OMMT) with different OMMT contents (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 wt %). The nanocomposite emulsions were characterized with X‐ray diffraction (XRD), laser light scattering, fourier transform infrared (FTIR), rheological measurements, surface tension, drying speed, and water absorption property. Results showed that OMMT could improve the properties of emulsion, in other words, the properties of nanocomposite emulsion were better when compared with those of the silicone–acrylate emulsion. The properties of nanocomposite emulsion containing 1 wt % OMMT was the best one, and obtained the following advantages: smaller particle size, faster drying speed, shorter curing time, smaller surface tension, bigger apparent viscosity, and improved resistant water by the incorporation of OMMT. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3963–3970, 2006     

Synthesis and characterization of new polysiloxane bearing vinylic function and its application for the preparation of poly (silicone-co-acrylate)/montmorillonite nanocomposite emulsion

A new silicone containing acrylic monomer, methacryloxyethyl polymethylhydrosiloxane ether (MEPMHSE), based on polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) has been synthesized for formulation of nanocomposite emulsion. Then Poly (silicone-co-acrylate)/montmorillonite (PSAM)/nanocomposite emulsion were prepared by in situ intercalative emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA), methacrylic acid (MAA) and MEPMHSE, in the presence of organic modified montmorillonite (OMMT) with different OMMT contents (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2 wt%) and auxiliary agents in the presence of potassium persulphate (KPS) as initiator. Alkylphenol ethersulphate and Arkupal N-300 were used as anionic and non-ionic emulsifiers, respectively. The resulting monomer was characterized by Fourier transformer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton (¹H NMR), and carbon (¹³C NMR) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopes. The OMMT was characterized by FTIR and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The nanocomposite emulsions were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), laser light scattering and surface tension. Thermal properties of the copolymers were studied by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and then the effects of OMMT percent on the water absorption ratio and drying speed were examined. Results showed that OMMT could improve the properties of emulsion, in other words, the properties of nanocomposite emulsion were better when compared with those of the silicone–acrylate emulsion. The property of nanocomposite emulsion containing 1 wt% OMMT was the best one, and the following advantages were obtained: smaller particle size, faster drying speed, smaller surface tension, and improved resistant water by the incorporation of OMMT.     

Synthesis of exfoliated acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) clay nanocomposites: role of clay as a colloidal stabilizer

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) clay nanocomposites were synthesized using two clays (sodium montmorillonite, laponite). Both colloidal stability and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were dependant on aspect ratios of clays. Laponite, a low aspect ratio clay, reduced particle sizes of ABS clay nanocomposite latexes, enhanced colloidal stabilities, and increased viscosity of the latexes. The colloidal stability of ABS clay latexes may result from four factors. Firstly, the electrostatic repulsion forces originated from surface charges of clays and anionic surfactant contribute to colloidal stability. Secondly, laponite layers separate sodium montmorillonite layers and polybudadiene latex particles preventing the coagulation. Thirdly, the laponite layers adsorbed on latexes act like steric barriers against coagulation. Fourthly, increased viscosity reduces latex mobility, lowering collision possibility among latex particles. Resultant ABS clay nanocomposites showed exfoliated structures, and their mechanical properties related to the relative weight ratio of sodium montmorillonite to laponite: as portions of sodium montmorillonite increased, dynamic moduli of the nanocomposites increased, because sodium montmorillonite has higher aspect (length/thickness) ratio than laponite.     

蒙脱石有机化对PVA/蒙脱石复合薄膜的性能影响

以精制钠基蒙脱石(Na-MMT)、有机化蒙脱石(OMMT)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料,通过水溶液插层-流延成膜法制备纳米复合薄膜。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和热重分析(TGA)对复合材料的结构和性能进行表征,重点探讨蒙脱石有机化对PVA/MMT复合薄膜性能的影响。结果表明Na-MMT和OMMT纳米颗粒在PVA基体中均得到了良好分散;有机改性剂的存在促使PVA/MMT复合薄膜的MMT片层间距扩撑更大,但由于其与PVA相容性较差,导致有效插入MMT片层间的PVA分子较少,PVA/MMT复合薄膜的热稳定性改善效果不明显。     

Unique morphology of dispersed clay particles in a polymer nanocomposite

This communication reports a unique morphology of dispersed clay particles in a polymer nanocomposite. A nanocomposite of poly[butylene succinate)-co-adipate] (PBSA) with 3 wt% of organically modified montmorillonite was prepared by melt-blending in a batch mixer. The focused-ion beam cross-sectioning at 36° to the sample surface, followed by delineation etching with water revealed a unique dispersed morphology of the clay particles in PBSA nanocomposite. The scanning electron microscopy image showed a unique structure, where the vertically embedded stacked silicate layers fall down to the PBSA matrix, forming a corn-flake like structure. This unique structured was called as “nano-flake”.     

中空聚合物微球的制备——溶胀处理条件的影响

采用种子乳液聚合法合成不同核壳比的聚甲基丙烯酸（MAA）-丙烯酸丁酯（BA）一甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）／聚苯乙烯（St）-丙烯腈（AN）核壳乳液,经碱／酸溶胀法处理制备了中空聚合物微球。结果表明,中空聚合物的形态不仅与核壳比有关,也与溶胀处理时碱的种类、温度、溶胀剂及其用量、乳液pH值等因素有关,当核壳比为1：10,溶胀剂用量为核壳乳胶粒质量的1.5倍时,可以得到最大中空度接近30％的中空聚合物微球。     

ABS/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备、结构及性能

将SAN／蒙脱土纳米复合材料与ABS高胶粉熔融共混得到ABS／蒙脱土纳米复合材料。对纳米复合材料的机械性能进行了表征．结果发现蒙脱土的加入一定程度上提高了ABS的杨氏模量和弯曲模量，但冲击强度有明显的降低。采用XRD、TEM和SEM对纳米复合材料的结构进行表征，结果表明在共混过程中，蒙脱土片层的物理特性导致其基本分布在橡胶粒子的表面．甚至造成粒子的变形和破裂；ABS／蒙脱土纳米复合材料在冲击过程中，蒙脱土片层的分散状态导致橡胶粒子不能发生塑性变形，冲击断面呈多孔形态。     

Poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)/montmorillonite organoclay mixtures: a model system for ABS nanocomposites

Dispersion of clay particles in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) nanocomposites with montmorillonite (MMT) have been compared to assess whether ABS/MMT nanocomposite behavior can be adequately modeled using the simpler SAN/MMT system. Electron microscopy photomicrographs show that clay particles in ABS/MMT composites reside in the SAN matrix phase and accumulate at the rubber particle surfaces. In mixtures of four organoclays with the two polymers, WAXS (wide angle X-ray scattering) peak height and shift in gallery height was the same for a given organoclay. Aspect ratios determined through image analysis were also the same in each polymer. Modulus enhancement as measured by an exfoliation efficiency index showed the same patterns for each organoclay in the two matrices, but the ABS/MMT composites had consistently lower efficiencies than in SAN/MMT composites. This trend is expected to be due to the variations in orientation of clay particles in ABS/MMT composites at the rubber particle surface. In summary, SAN/MMT composites represent a good model system for ABS/MMT.     

聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备和热性能研究

采用原位乳液聚合法和乳液共混法分别制备聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯/蒙脱土(PSB/MMT)复合材料,研究不同类型的蒙脱土对插层结构类型的影响,用X射线衍射(XRD)对其插层结构进行表征,不同方法制备出的复合胶膜具有不同的插层结构,利用TG-DSC分析法分析其热降解性能。结果表明,添加了蒙脱土的PSB/MMT的复合体系热稳定性提高,其中插层型的要优于剥离型。     

聚乙烯醇/蒙脱石纳米复合材料的结构与性能

通过溶液插层 流延成膜法,以聚乙烯醇和钠质蒙脱石为原料,制备出了不同蒙脱石含量的聚乙烯醇/蒙脱石纳米复合材料薄膜。用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)和力学性能测试对复合材料的结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明,聚乙烯醇分子成功进入蒙脱石的层间,实现了在纳米尺度上的复合;蒙脱石含量高于7 5wt%形成插层型的纳米复合材料,低于7 5wt%形成剥离型的纳米复合材料;在SEM图片上还观察到了纳米复合材料的微观结构。纳米复合材料的热稳定性、拉伸强度和直角撕裂强度均比纯聚乙烯醇有很大提高。