柠檬酸在洗涤剂工业中的应用

磷酸盐可导致水体的富营养化.柠檬酸/柠檬酸钠由于其缓冲性及金属离子螯合性可以充当部分代磷助剂.柠檬酸可以完全生物降解且无毒性.     

洗涤助剂对去血渍复合酶中蛋白酶的影响

洗涤助剂是洗涤剂的辅助组分。一般可分为无机盐助剂、有机助剂、溶剂以及其他助剂。它可以使洗涤剂的表面活性剂更好地发挥其对污垢的洗脱、分散、加溶、乳化等作用,提高洗涤效果,并可降低洗涤剂的原材料成本、提高其商业价值。合成洗涤剂除了含有一定量的表面活性剂外,一般都加入一定量的洗涤     

无磷洗涤剂的研究现状及存在问题分析

简述了含磷洗涤剂的危害,综述了无磷洗涤剂的研究进展及无磷助剂应用中存在的问题,指出新型无磷助剂的开发研究具有重要的环保意义。建议从无磷洗涤剂标准入手推动无磷洗涤剂新产品的开发。     

洗涤剂用4A沸石合成工艺小试总结

1 概述 近年来,国外洗涤剂用4A沸石的数量迅速增加。在日本1976年使用量150吨,1979年增至6300吨。沸石作为洗涤剂的助剂在1948年就开始研究合成,但应用却是七十年代初的事,由于环保的要求和沸石本身的优良特性,作为洗涤剂的代磷助剂其发展是相当快的。 合成洗涤剂的主要成份是表面活性剂和助剂。作为助剂的三聚磷酸钠,它有软     

聚天冬氨酸钠盐在多功能洗涤剂中的研究与应用

通过选用环保螯合助剂等提高了洗涤剂的生物降解性和去污能力,从而使洗涤剂具有对人体皮肤、衣物纤维消毒灭菌的多功能保护性,经过测试聚天冬氨酸钠对碳酸钙阻垢率达到了97%,洗涤去污力比较常用螯合剂提高了23.21%,综合性能优良。     

中国洗涤用品及表面活性剂工业科技工作历史回顾（四）

1.3表面活性剂和民用及工业用制剂全面发展时期的科研工作 此时期重点回顾日化所的科研工作。20世纪70年代,国际上的表面活性剂品种与数量,各种功能型洗涤剂、专用洗涤剂以及各工业领域的助剂等,都得到了飞速发展,＂环保＂意识和＂回归自然＂概念也日趋高涨。     

纵观全球柠檬酸工业

柠檬酸主要应用于食品工业,还可用于替代三聚磷酸钠作为无磷洗涤剂的添加剂。柠檬酸行业具有较强的垄断性,世界上五大柠檬酸生产公司占有全球65％的市场份额。美国是世界上柠檬酸消费量最大的国家,西欧是消费水平最高的地区。中国具有丰富的柠檬酸原料资源、先进的发酵技术以及低的废水处理率,产品成本较低,在国际上具有较强的竞争力,我国现在柠檬酸年总产量居世界第一。洗涤剂工业将是柠檬酸工业的潜在市场增长点。     

柠檬酸及其衍生物在洗涤剂工业中的应用

由于三聚磷酸钠(STPP)对自然水体的肥化作用,向洗涤剂中添加适当的无磷洗涤助剂是解决这一重大环境问题的必由之路。柠檬酸及其衍生物(主要是钠盐)具有许多优良的特性,是最适合的三聚磷酸钠替代品。对柠檬酸及其衍生物在洗涤剂行业中的应用研究及发展现状进行了分析,对该研究领域存在的一些问题进行了总结。     

竹醋液在绿色功能性餐具洗涤剂中的应用

利用竹醋液具有消毒抑杀活性的显著特性,选用可再生资源和绿色原料与助剂,提高了餐具洗涤剂的安全性和环保效果,赋予餐具洗涤剂以绿色的概念,产品同时具有了消毒护肤的功能性作用。竹醋液餐具洗涤剂的抑菌防腐效果良好,各项指标符合国家标准的规定。     

气体三氧化硫磺化十二醇新工艺的研究

一、前言 烷基硫酸盐具有溶解性、泡沫性和去污性的最好平衡,因此,烷基硫酸盐是润湿力、乳化力和去污力最好的表面活性剂之一。它可作为重垢棉织物洗涤剂、轻垢液体洗涤剂、餐具洗涤剂、香波、纺织助剂、地毯和室内装饰品的清洁剂、牙膏、乳化剂、硬表面清洗剂、电镀浴添加剂等。     

洗涤剂助剂的演变——从磷酸盐到沸石到硅酸盐

在洗涤剂组分中，三聚磷酸钠、A型沸石和层状结晶二硅酸盐SKS－6已是被广泛接受的助剂。新型洗涤剂的开发促进了新型洗涤助剂的应用。针对这些助剂进行了产品的市场趋势、生态效应和产品应用等方面的比较。     

洗涤剂配方中表面活性剂和助剂的研究进展

Surfactants and builders are the two most important ingredients in laundry, household and personal-care cleaning products. They play a key role in washing processes. The development of various surfactants （e.g., anionic, nonionic, cationic, zwitterionic, and silicone surfactants） and builders （inorganic, organic and polymeric builders）used in the detergent compositions are reviewed and their detergency performance and biodegradability are discussed. In the future, the development of the surfactants and builders used in detergent compositions should be based on economic and environmental considerations. The use of the eco-friendly surfactants and builders derived from inexpensive renewable resources （e.g., alkyl polyglucosides and bio-based polyesters） in detergent compositions is the developing trends in detergent industry.     

洗涤剂助剂的发展

介绍了三聚磷酸钠在洗涤剂中的应用和富营养化,洗涤剂助剂从三聚磷酸钠到4A沸石以及最新的层状硅酸钠的发展过程,讨论了洗涤剂配方的发展趋势和对环境的影响。     

粉状洗涤剂组分对霉脂肪酶活性的影响

研究了粉状洗涤剂用活性物如LAS、AES、AOS、MES、肥皂、AEO9、TX10,特种阳离子表面活性剂,常规洗涤助剂以及特种助剂如过碳酸盐、偏硅酸钠、聚合物、酶制剂等组分对所开发的青霉脂肪酶活性的影响。结果表明,阴离子表面活性剂对酶的活性有较大影响,影响程度为：LAS＞AOS＞肥皂＞AES＞AES;AEO9和TX10对酶活的影响较小,将基与LAS复配可显著降低LAS对酶活性的影响：阳离子表面活性剂在低浓度时对酶有激活作用,浓度增加影响增大;绝大多数洗涤助剂在配方用量范围内对酶活影响不大,只有碱性蛋白酶在用量多时有较大影响。     

Automated determination of silicate and carbonates in detergents

The analysis of silicate and carbonate builders in detergents is time consuming by standard gravimetric procedures (1,2). By modifying established Technicon AutoAnalyzer methods, rapid and simple methods of analyzing these detergent builders have been achieved. Standard AutoAnalyzer modules, arranged for colorimetric analysis, are used, and 10–15 samples per hour can be handled. In the silicate analysis, an aqueous solution of the sample is reacted with ammonium molybdate in an acid medium to form silicomolybdic acid. This acid is partially reduced by ascrobic acid forming the pentavalent molybdenum blue complex. The carbonate method is based upon the evolution of carbon dioxide gas, which is reacted with a buffered phenolpthalein solution. The color intensity of the system is inversely proportional to the carbon dioxide concentration. When a blend of carbonate and bicarbonate is present in the sample, analysis before and after heating is required. Presented at the AOCS Meeting, Ottawa, September 1972.     

无磷粉的灰分沉积

介绍了洗涤过程中因无磷粉形成的灰分以及一种无磷粉灰色沉积性能的测定方法，实验测定了4种无磷助剂的灰分沉积和在高分子聚合物存在时的灰分沉积，并利用X射线荧光光谱仪对灰分进行全元素分析，分析了灰分的具体组成，考察各种助剂对灰分的贡献及高分子聚合物对无磷粉灰分沉积性能的影响。     

Detergent action of rosin soaps and fatty acid — Rosin soaps

Summary A method for evaluating the detergent action of soaps has been described and applied to a series of soap solutions. The detergent action of rosin soaps, the effect of compounds present in soap or used with soap on the detergent action of a rosin soap, and the effect of rosin soap on the detergent action of tallow soap have been tested. The effect of temperature on the detergent action of some of the detergent solutions has also been determined. The results of these detergent tests on rosin, fatty acid and fatty acid-rosin soaps indicated the following: (1) Rosin soaps made from different gum rosins, produced from longleaf and slash pine gums, have equal detergent action; (2) The presence of soaps of oxidized rosin acids has no effect on detergent action of the rosin soap; (3) The detergent action of soaps made from pyroabietic acid, abietic acid and hydrogenated rosin parallels their ability to lower the surface tension of water and the amount of hydrogen present in the rosin acids; (4) The addition of builders that increase the alkalinity of the rosin soap solution improves the detergent action of the solution; (5) The blending of rosin soap with tallow soap improves the detergent action of the tallow soap in solutions having a soap concentration of 0.25 percent or more; (6) Temperature affects the detergent action of rosin and coconut oil soaps more than tallow soap.     

助洗剂的发展趋势

对助洗剂的进展作了扼要回顾 ,主要讨论了助洗剂的作用 ,三聚磷酸钠和膦酸盐 ,硅酸盐 ,沸石 ,碳酸盐和羧酸盐 ,寻找理想助洗剂组合 ,及助洗剂的发展趋势和展望等。     

合成洗涤剂皂条的研究

对合成洗涤剂皂条的配方和工艺进行了研究,实验确定了活性成分、洗涤助剂、填充剂、粘合剂的组成和用量及制作工艺,对研制出的皂条性能进行了初步测试,罗氏泡沫高度为138mm,去污比值为1.1,与宝洁、联合利华的商品样皂相当。     

Water hardness control by detergent builders

Commercial detergent additives to control water hardness are of three main types, sequestrant, precipitant or ion-exchange builders. These builders lower the free hardness ion (Ca⁺², Mg⁺²) concentration in a wash system by different mechanisms. An electrometric experimental method was used to evaluate the relative water hardness control performances of different builder-types under conditions closely simulating those of detergent’s end-use. Experimental data for the following builders are presented: EDTA, NTA, STPP, PAA, CMOS, Na-Citrate, Na₂CO₃ and type A zeolite. It is shown that the relative rankings of the various builders in water hardness control differ significantly with differences in use level concentration of the builder (0.005–0.100 gm per 100 ml). The application of the method to the selection of optimum molecular weight range of the newly emerging class of organic polymeric detergent builders like sodium polyacrylates (Na-PAA) (M_w=2000−220,000) also is discussed.