阳离子型改性淀粉对稠油废水絮凝性能考察

合成了三种具有不同阳离子度的阳离子型改性淀粉接枝共聚物絮凝剂ZHYC-n,考察了这三种絮凝剂与PAC复配对稠油废水的絮凝性能,并与市售阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂CPAM进行了对比.絮凝实验结果表明,ZHYC-n与PAC复配具有优良的絮凝脱油脱硫效果,随阳离子度增加絮凝效果显著增加.阳离子型絮凝剂分子链上的阳离子电荷密度不是影响絮凝效果的惟一主要因素,阳离子型改性淀粉接枝共聚物具有的多支链型结构可以明显的提高絮凝剂的絮凝效果.     

阳离子淀粉复合聚铁基絮凝剂的制备及絮凝效果研究

以聚铁基化合物为基本单元,用3-氯-2-羟丙基氯化铵(CHPTA)为醚化剂制备阳离子淀粉(CS),修饰聚合硫酸铁(PFS)和聚硅酸铝铁(PSAF),制得两种聚铁基-淀粉复合絮凝剂,即PFS+CS和PSAF+CS。并通过红外光谱(IR)对絮凝剂进行了结构表征;通过对废水絮凝前后COD_(Gr)及Zn~(2+)含量测定,探讨了絮凝剂的絮凝效果。结论表明,聚铁基-阳离子改性淀粉复合絮凝剂的絮凝效果较好。     

絮凝法处理中药制药废水的试验研究

本文系统地研究了中药制药废水絮凝处理方法及其机理，所选絮凝剂有聚合氯化铝（PAC）、聚合硫酸铁（PFS）、以及自制聚合硅酸硫酸铁（PFSS）等，研究内容包括：最佳投药量、pH值影响、温度影响以及与有机阳离子高分子絮凝剂配合使用效果等。研究结果表明：PFS较PAC有更好的絮凝效果；PFSS更适合该类废水的治理，所用絮凝剂都存在一最佳投药量：PAC、PFS为80－100mg/L，液体PFSS为1.0mL/L。有机阳离子高分子絮凝剂对PFS、PAC可增强絮凝处理效果，而对PFSS则效果不明显；水温在20－40℃时对絮凝效果影响不大；pH值是影响絮凝效果的重要因素，如用纯碱或石灰调至碱性范围，可以提高处理效果。     

季铵型阳离子淀粉絮凝剂的微波干法合成、结构表征及应用研究

以3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵为阳离子醚化剂,天然淀粉为原料,微波干法合成具有絮凝、杀菌等功能季铵型阳离子淀粉絮凝剂。研究了各种因素对合成的影响,确定了最佳反应条件。结果表明：在阳离子醚化剂与淀粉摩尔比0．35,NaOn与阳离子醚化剂摩尔比1．2,微波功率184W,辐射时间5min时,产物相对粘度为3．18（0．5％）左右,阳离子取代度为0．31。所得产品与无机絮凝剂PAC复配后具有较好的絮凝及杀菌效果。     

絮凝剂复配处理城镇生活污水的实验研究

以实际生活污水为实验对象,利用絮凝剂PAC、PFS、CTS、阴离子PAM和阳离子PAM进行两组分或三组分复合,找出复配方案在提高COD去除率的同时降低PAC的用量。在5min搅拌,15min沉淀的短时絮凝实验中,絮凝剂复配后的絮凝效果普遍比单独加PAC好,PAC和阳离子PAM复配的COD去除率比单独加PAC高18%,成本下降40%。通过合理的絮凝剂复配能提高絮凝效果,减少絮凝剂用量,降低出水的铝离子浓度。     

絮凝法处理废弃钻井液试验

研究了废弃钻屑进行絮凝处理的方法及其作用机理,利用絮凝剂处理废弃钻井液,分离出废液中多余固相,所选絮凝剂为聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)、聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)等。研究了最佳质量浓度、pH值、温度及与有机阳离子高分子絮凝剂(CPAM)复配使用效果来考察上述絮凝剂的絮凝能力。实验结果表明,三种絮凝剂均存在其最佳质量浓度,其中PAC与PFS为80～100 mg/L,PEI为70 mg/L;pH将对絮凝效果产生重要影响,其中在碱性范围内将极大提升絮凝效果;当温度在20～40℃范围内对絮凝效果无明显影响;当三种絮凝剂与有机阳离子高分子各自进行复配时对其絮凝能力有着不同程度的增强,其中PEI与有机阳离子高分子絮凝剂复配时絮凝效果要优于其他两种。     

聚磷硫酸铁絮凝剂的制备及其应用

利用钛白副产物FeSO4.7H2O、Na2HPO4研制出一种新型复合絮凝剂聚磷硫酸铁(PPFS),研究了该絮凝剂对高岭土模拟水样的絮凝性能及pH值对絮凝效果的影响,并与聚合硫酸铁(PFS)及聚合氯化铝(PAC)比较。结果表明:PPFS的絮凝效果和絮体沉降性能均比PFS、PAC好,且在pH为6￣10时絮凝效果最佳。此外,将PPFS用于处理城市生活污水,PPFS除浊的优化用量为4.8 mg/L,而PFS﹑PAC优化用量为6.4 mg/L;CODCr的去除率可分别高达91.4%﹑88.4%﹑86.5%;在pH值为7￣9的条件下,PPFS对城市生活污水的浊度和CODCr的去除具有良好效果。     

玉米淀粉改性阳离子絮凝剂的制备

以玉米淀粉为原料,经糊化后,加入阳离子化试剂,合成了阳离子性改性淀粉絮凝剂SF.以生活污水为处理体系,探讨了SF的絮凝性能.在30 mg/L时,SF对高浊度207 NTU高岭土悬浮液达到最好的处理效果,出水浊度在10 NTU以下.对生活污水中COD有一定的去除效果.SF作PAC的助凝剂处理湖水,比单独投加PAC絮凝剂有更好的处理效果,浊度去除率都在90%以上     

新型复合絮凝剂深度处理焦化废水的效果研究

对比研究了PAC、PFS和PFAC、新型复合絮凝剂深度处理钢铁厂焦化废水絮凝效果.结果表明新型复合絮凝剂不仅用量最小,而且其除COD、浊度等的效果均好于其他絮凝剂,同时对其絮凝机理进行了初步探讨.     

PFS处理印染废水的工艺探讨

PFS亚铁作为一种新型的无机高分子絮凝剂具有生产成本低、净化过程投加量少、p H适用范围广等一系列的特点,在工业废水、城市污水以及工业用水等水净化处理中应用广泛。本研究制备了乙酸改性的PFS,将其作为絮凝脱色剂对印染废水的处理效果进行了实验。结果表明,改性PFS对印染废水表现出较好的脱色性能,并对脱色的最佳工艺条件进行了优化,最佳脱色率和CODCr去除率分别达到96.7%和79.3%。改性后的PFS的絮凝脱色性能明显优于普通的PFS。     

Characterization of cationic starch: An efficient flocculating agent

Starch is a known carbohydrate in which, regardless of its origin, two polysaccharides are found namely amylose and amylopectin. By insertion of a cationic moiety to the backbone of starch, a modified cationic starch can be developed which can be used as flocculant. Various grades of cationic starches were developed to optimize the best performing flocculant. The base polysaccharide, starch and the best performing cationic starch i.e., Cat St3 (which have been confirmed from flocculation characteristics and intrinsic viscosity measurement) have been characterized by various characterization techniques such as determination of molecular weight, elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, intrinsic viscosity measurement, thermal analysis, etc. From the characterization, it could be concluded that there was a substantial incorporation of cationic moiety onto the backbone of starch. The flocculation efficacy of these cationized starches was compared with each other and with some of the commercial flocculants available in national and international market in manganese ore suspensions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

微波干法制备阳离子淀粉絮凝剂及其应用

以3—氯—2—羟丙基三甲基氯化铵为阳离子醚化剂，天然物质淀粉为原料，微波干法制得季铵型阳离子淀粉絮凝剂。通过正交试验，研究了各种因素对合成的影响，确定了最佳反应条件。结果表明：阳离子醚化剂与淀粉摩尔比0．35、NaOH与阳离子醚化剂摩尔比1．2、微波功率184W、辐射时间5min时，产物相对黏度为3．18，阳离子取代度为0．31。     

微波辅助下新型絮凝剂的合成及其应用研究

以市售聚合氯化铝铁（PAFC）和淀粉为基本原料,通过淀粉的阳离子化,微波复合两步反应,合成了一种环境友好的新型絮凝剂。探讨了絮凝剂用量对染料靛红的脱色性能、苯酚的CODcr,去除效果及模拟的油田废水的透光率的影响。结果表明,PAFC与阳离子淀粉复合后其絮凝效果明显优于单独使用PAFC的絮凝效果。     

新型高效复合絮凝剂PFCNS的制备与性能研究

以工业废渣和淀粉为基本原料,通过阳离子化、接枝共聚和复合三步反应,合成了一种新型高效的复合絮凝剂PFCNS,并探讨了絮凝剂用量对絮凝效果、C ODcr去除效果和透光率的影响.通过对生产废水的絮凝实验,表明PFCNS投药量少,絮凝沉降速度快,CODcr去除率高,絮凝效果优于聚合硫酸铁和聚合氯化铝.     

天然高分子改性阳离子型絮凝剂的开发与应用

天然高分子改性絮凝剂具有无毒,可生物降解,价廉等优点,近年来得到了国内外学者的广泛重视和开发应用。作者对用于废水处理的改性阳离子淀粉衍生物,本质素省生物,甲壳素衍生物以及兼具有絮凝作用的植物胶改性多功能水处理剂的研究进展进行了简要的评述。     

Flocculation behavior of cationic pea starch prepared by the graft copolymerization of acrylamide for wastewater treatment

To improve the flocculation efficiency of coal mine wastewater treatment, we synthesized a cationic flocculant by grafting acrylamide (AM) onto pea starch, and we performed the characterization with elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and NMR. The effects of the synthesis conditions were also investigated, and the optimal synthesis parameters of the cationic flocculant were obtained. The mass ratio between pea starch and AM was 0.5 with a reaction temperature of 65 °C. The dosages of ceric ammonium nitrate and 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl‐trimethylammonium chloride were 0.02 and 0.11 mol/L, respectively. Application experiments for wastewater treatment were carried out consequently, and the optimal dosage of cationic pea starch was 40 mg/L within the pH range 6–8. Compared with other traditional flocculation products, the cationic pea starch showed the best flocculation behavior for coal mine wastewater. Therefore, the cationic pea‐starch‐grafted AM may be applicable as a novel flocculant in wastewater treatment and has already demonstrated outstanding features. It is bound to replace other traditional flocculants in the future. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43922.     

Solution properties and flocculation of hydrophobically associating cationic fluorinated polyacrylamide

The hydrophobically associating cationic fluorinated polyacrylamide (CFPAM), modified with fluorinated acrylate, 2-(perfluorooctyl)ethyl acrylate (FEA), has been newly synthesized, by free radical micellar copolymerization in aqueous solution. The solution properties of these polymers were investigated in details in this study. In addition, the flocculation of CFPAM was also evaluated. The results showed that there were strong hydrophobic associations in the CFPAM aqueous solution. The addition of NaCl resulted in an increase of solution viscosity, which indicated the good salt-resistant performance of CFPAM. The polymers also exhibited excellent property of temperature and shearing tolerance. Furthermore, the polymer showed high surface activity. At the same time, its flocculation properties were evaluated with kaolin suspensions using a standard jar test. All the results demonstrated the superiority of the cationic fluorinated polyacrylamide as a flocculant.