防火涂料

200904092 赢取时间,钢结构保护用膨胀涂料的新开发;200904093 印刷电路板用防火、强度和加工性好且介电常数和热膨胀低的树脂组合物;200904094 泡沫绝缘体用防火膨胀涂料;200904095 钾水玻璃阻燃涂覆底材的制备;     

烧结氮化硅晶界玻璃相的结晶化及其对高温强度的影响

烧结氮化硅陶瓷通过热处理可使晶界玻璃相结晶化。本文定性分析了不同热处理时间和温度下的晶界结晶相。实验结果表明,热处理后的结晶相有2-2-7、H、N_(33)、X和YAG,不同热处理条件下出现的结晶相不同,晶相的量也不同。2-2-7和H相的结晶动力学关系符合Johnson-Mehl-Avrami方程。晶界玻璃相结晶改善了材料的高温力学性能,经热处理的试件的高温(1200℃)强度保持了室温强度的86％,比未经热处理的试件提高25％。     

防水涂料：用于纤维增强制品的超吸收防水涂料

交联热固性聚合物阻燃涂料组合物；传送数据和／或能量用带有防火涂层的电缆及用这种涂料得到防火性能的方法；膨胀型防火涂料；热熔融耐火绝热涂料的制造方法及其利用方法；新材料在钢结构膨胀型防火涂料中的应用     

二步法低温制备六铝酸钙/镁铝尖晶石复相陶瓷

以白云石和工业Al(OH)3为原料,采用水热合成和低温煅烧二步法工艺制备六铝酸钙-镁铝尖晶复相陶瓷,探索了水热处理温度对前驱体性能及六铝酸钙/镁铝尖晶石复相陶瓷物相组成和形貌的影响。结果表明:200℃水热处理后的前驱体中,板状三水铝石转变为多孔薄片状薄水铝石;前驱体高温分解后可为复相陶瓷的生成提供高活性原料和六铝酸钙片状形貌的生长空间;二步法工艺可使烧成温度降低100℃以上。白云石添加量为13%时,配料经200℃水热、1 400℃煅烧3 h即可制备出主晶相为六铝酸钙和镁铝尖晶的复相陶瓷,六铝酸钙形貌发育完整,呈交叉片状存在。复相陶瓷的体积密度为1.56 g/cm3,气孔率为61.5%,孔径分布在0.2~1.1μm之间。未水热处理配料于1 500℃保温3 h,制备出六铝酸钙/镁铝尖晶石复相陶瓷,六铝酸钙和镁铝尖晶石晶体衍射峰强度较弱,六铝酸钙片状形貌发育不完整。     

棉花秸秆增强地聚物韧性的影响因素研究

为明确棉花秸秆在地聚物中的作用,对8组棉秆粉煤灰基地聚物(C-FAG)试样进行了物理性能和力学性能试验,并用扫描电镜(SEM)观察C-FAG断面.分析了养护条件、棉秆处理方式、棉秆掺量对地聚物密度、吸水率、表面情况、受压破坏形态、断面特征、抗压和抗折强度的影响.结果表明:掺入棉秆对地聚物密度影响不大,但会增大其吸水率.随着棉秆掺量的增加,C-FAG的抗折强度与抗压强度之比(折压比)呈现先增后减的趋势.掺入棉秆能够减少地聚物的表面孔隙,改变地聚物的破坏形式.用碱液处理棉秆和让地聚物在室温((20±2)℃)下先养护≥24 h再高温(75℃)养护,可以增大棉秆和地聚物的粘结强度.     

NDI聚氨酯预聚体的研制

采用自制聚酯多元醇合成了1,5–萘二异氰酸酯(NDI)预聚体,该预聚体具有较好的室温和高温贮存性,在80℃下贮存48 h或室温下贮存90 d后,黏度和NCO含量均无明显变化,所合成的弹性体具有较好的力学性能和动态性能。     

偏高岭土-粉煤灰基地聚物砂浆力学性能研究

本研究以偏高岭土和粉煤灰为原料,以不同模数(0.75、1.00、1.25、1.50)和碱浓度(质量分数)(40%、44%、48%)的钾水玻璃为碱激发剂,微珠、蛭石和珍珠岩为细骨料来制备地聚物砂浆试件。主要通过测试地聚物砂浆试件常温及1 000 ℃高温作用后的抗压强度,探明碱激发剂模数和浓度对砂浆试件力学性能的影响,并利用XRD、SEM手段对地聚物的物相组成及微观形貌进行表征。结果表明:当碱浓度不变时,除40%碱浓度外,其余试件的抗压强度随模数的增大先升高后略微降低或者基本不变。当模数不变时,除模数为0.75的试件外,其余试件的抗压强度随碱浓度的增大先升高后降低。当模数为1.00且碱浓度为44%时,试件的抗压强度最高,历经1 000 ℃高温后地聚物砂浆试件相对残余强度仍能维持42%及以上,该温度下水化产物为白榴石(KAlSi₂O₆)和钾霞石(KAlSiO₄),地聚物在常温下有大量絮状的水化产物生成且微观结构较为致密。     

热处理对聚合物改性纤维增韧水泥基复合材料物理力学性能的影响

采用环氧乳液、乳胶粉制备了聚合物改性纤维增韧水泥基复合材料,研究了200 ℃、400 ℃、600 ℃、800 ℃热处理对材料物理力学性能的影响。结果表明:掺加聚合物可以改善试样的高温体积稳定性,使得试样在800 ℃高温下热处理时不发生爆裂;室温冷却条件下,聚合物使得材料峰值残余强度对应的温度由400℃降低至200 ℃,而在水冷却条件下,试样的残余强度随着热处理温度的升高持续降低,800 ℃热处理后聚合物改性试样在水冷却时溃散;聚合物分解在试样内部形成的交联孔道,改善了试样热处理后的孔结构,延缓了高温热处理对试样力学性能的劣化速率。     

钢结构水性膨胀型防火涂料性能优化方法

通过纳米技术、微胶囊包覆技术介绍了水性膨胀型防火涂料防火性能和耐水性能的提升方法,采用物理和化学相结合的角度对涂层的耐腐蚀性能进行针对性分析,就钢结构水性膨胀型防火涂料抑烟性能和力学性能的作用机理论述了高强度、高膨胀且致密炭层的生成策略,着重提出了多功能一体化涂料是未来钢结构水性膨胀型防火涂料研究、开发和应用的发展方向。     

钢材构件专用隔热防火涂料(非膨胀型)的研制

以改性有机硅树脂为漆基，加入隔热性能优良的颜填料、化学反应型复合阻燃剂、隔热防火剂和高效固化剂N-7或N-9，配制成CT系列室温固化钢结构高层建筑钢材构件专用隔热防火涂料；该涂料可长期耐450℃高温，过火时间大于3h(900℃明火)。     

地聚合物的制备及特性研究

按质量比偏高岭土∶硅酸钠∶氢氧化钠∶填料=50∶54∶4∶5,在常温下混合及养护制备地聚合物,改变高岭土煅烧温度,得到5个地聚合物样品。通过对样品耐火性、耐酸性、耐碱性等方面的研究,得到当高岭土煅烧温度为900℃、时间为2 h时,样品综合性能最优。流变学测量显示,粘度随时间增加、随温度下降,傅立叶红外光谱测量表明,其主要官能团为耐火性能优良的Si—O—Si,Si—O,O—Si—O结构。     

Synthesis and thermal behavior of inorganic–organic hybrid geopolymer composites

Inorganic geopolymer potassium aluminosilicate was prepared at room temperature by the reaction of kaolin, potassium silicate, and potassium hydroxide solution and was dispersed in situ into an epoxy matrix by various proportions to fabricate novel inorganic–organic hybrid geopolymer composites. The formation of inorganic geopolymer with respect to time was monitored by X‐ray diffraction and FT‐IR analysis and confirmed that 30 min is required to complete the geopolymerization. When geopolymers were properly mixed at different ratios with organic polymers such as epoxy and cured, these hybrid polymers exhibit significant thermal stability. Pure kaolin was also incorporated into the epoxy matrix to compare the change in chemical and thermal properties. Cone calorimetry results showed about 27% decreased in rate of heat release (RHR) on addition of 20% pure kaolin. However, about 57% of RHR was decreased on addition of only 20% geopolymer. Evaluation of CO₂ and CO were found to be minimum 2.0 and 0.7 kg/kg, respectively, for hybrid geopolymer composites compared to very high yield for epoxy at 3.5 kg/kg after 200 s of ignition. The current study shows that due to the high thermal stability of hybrid geopolymer composites, the novel hybrid geopolymer composites have the ability to be potential candidates to use in practical application where fire is of great concern. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 112–121, 2005     

稻壳灰的制备及其对地聚物力学性能的影响

以稻壳为原料,研究稻壳在不同酸预处理条件和不同煅烧条件下制备得到的稻壳灰在表观性能、元素成分、反应活性、物相结构和微观结构等方面的特性差异及其对偏高岭土基地聚物力学性能的影响,确定稻壳灰最佳制备条件。结果表明,盐酸预处理会显著提高稻壳灰中无定形SiO₂的纯度,高达98.354%(质量分数)。经酸预处理的稻壳在550 ℃下煅烧60 min即可煅烧完全,稻壳灰反应活性最高。酸处理后的稻壳灰使地聚物的孔隙结构更加致密,550 ℃稻壳灰地聚物(10%(质量分数)稻壳灰+90%(质量分数)偏高岭土)28 d抗压强度最高,达53.3 MPa。通过综合影响分析,得到稻壳灰的最佳制备条件为:经2.5%(质量分数)盐酸溶液浸泡1 h后,550 ℃煅烧1 h。     

不同养护条件下含石英玻璃地质聚合物砂浆的变形行为

为阐明典型活性组分（无定型SiO2）在地质聚合物中的作用行为和效应,探索地质聚合物体系中碱-集料反应评价方法,研究常温（23℃）和38℃湿气养护（相对湿度〉95%）、80℃在1 mol/L NaOH溶液浸泡及150℃在10%（质量分数）的KOH溶液压蒸下,含石英玻璃集料地质聚合物砂浆的变形行为,采用扫描电镜、电子散射能谱研究产物的组成和微观结构。结果表明：4种养护条件下,特别是在传统普通硅酸盐水泥（OPC）体系所规定的养护条件和龄期内,含石英玻璃集料地质聚合物砂浆没有发生有害膨胀;但是随养护条件不同,地质聚合物基体和石英玻璃可能经历不同的化学反应过程,进而导致不同的变形行为,特别是在高温且有外碱介入时,地质聚合物基体在后期会产生膨胀效应。不宜采用单一的适于OPC体系的高温、高碱快速检测混凝土碱-集料反应的检测方法来评价地质聚合物体系中的碱-集料反应行为。     

粉煤灰基地聚合物无机涂料的制备与性能

以低钙型粉煤灰为主要原料,硅酸钠和氢氧化钠为复合碱激发剂,硅烷偶联剂(KH550)为增强材料,硅丙乳液为辅助成膜物质制备地聚合物无机涂料。研究了硅烷偶联剂掺量、反应温度以及水固比对地聚合物无机涂料的成膜性、耐水性和耐洗刷性等性能的影响,并通过XRD、FTIR、SEM、TG-DSC分析了无机涂料的微观结构及其耐高温性能。结果表明,当制备温度为60 ℃、水固比为0.31(质量比)、硅烷偶联剂掺量为3.6%(质量分数)时,地聚合物无机涂料在室温下的成膜性良好,无开裂现象,涂料24 h内质量吸水率为1.84%,耐洗刷性可达12 000次,7 d时硬度为154 s。地聚合物无机涂层内部主要是无定形的硅铝酸盐凝胶,硅烷偶联剂经水解、键合生成簇状产物填充在涂层的孔隙之间,增加了涂层的密实性,抑制了裂纹的产生。涂层在25~800 ℃的失重率为12.0%~13.0%,未发现明显的地聚合物热分解现象,说明涂层耐高温性能良好。     

不同侵蚀环境下地质聚合物耐久性研究

地质聚合物作为新兴绿色无机胶凝材料,因独特的三维网络骨架结构而兼具矿物和高分子材料的特性。分别以固体废弃物粉煤灰和偏高岭土为原料,采用碱激发方式制备地质聚合物试块,考察养护28 d后试块在5%HCl、10%NaOH、5%MgCl₂+5%NaCl和5%H₂SO₄(均为质量分数)溶液中浸泡1~84 d的耐化学侵蚀能力。X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及试块质量、抗压强度测试表明,不同浸泡环境所引起地质聚合物胶凝材料的响应差异较大,粉煤灰基地质聚合物表现出较优异的耐低浓度硫酸、氢氧化钠、盐溶液侵蚀性能,微观结构及外观形貌稳定,试块质量和抗压强度稳定。偏高岭土基地质聚合物在盐溶液中性条件下结构和性能较稳定。在盐酸环境下两种地质聚合物被腐蚀明显,质量损失率大,抗压强度降低显著。对比研究表明,粉煤灰基地质聚合物的耐低浓度酸、碱溶液腐蚀性明显优于偏高岭土基地质聚合物。上述两类地质聚合物可潜在应用于海洋建筑领域。     

碱激发地质聚合物固化软土的研究进展

软土地基处理是工程界公认的有较高风险的工程领域,传统软土固化中大量使用硅酸盐水泥,不仅消耗自然资源,还会对环境产生不良影响,使用环境友好型碱激发地质聚合物替代传统硅酸盐水泥越来越受到国内外学者的重视。论文基于国内外已有研究成果,从碱激发地质聚合物固化土发展历史、碱激发地质聚合物种类、碱激发地质聚合物反应机理、碱激发地质聚合物固化土力学特性和各类性能等方面进行研究进展的综述分析,重点谈论地质聚合物处理软土的力学特性,并对不同碱激发地质聚合物在软土地基加固中抗渗性能、抗冻融性能、抗腐蚀性能等进行分析,对碱激发地质聚合物在软土地基加固中的应用进行系统梳理和展望,以期引导和提升碱激发地质聚合物在软土地基加固中的应用,实现我国地基加固可持续发展。     

Effect of nano silica and fine silica sand on compressive strength of sodium and potassium activators synthesised fly ash geopolymer at elevated temperatures

Environment friendly geopolymer is a new binder which gained increased popularity due to its better mechanical properties, durability, chemical resistance, and fire resistance. This paper presents the effect of nano silica and fine silica sand on residual compressive strength of sodium and potassium based activators synthesised fly ash geopolymer at elevated temperatures. Six different series of both sodium and potassium activators synthesised geopolymer were cast using partial replacement of fly ash with 1%, 2%, and 4% nano silica and 5%, 10%, and 20% fine silica sand. The samples were heated at 200°C, 400°C, 600°C, and 800°C at a heating rate 5°C per minute, and the residual compressive strength, volumetric shrinkage, mass loss, and cracking behaviour of each series of samples are also measured in this paper. Results show that, among 3 different NS contents, the 2% nano silica by wt. exhibited the highest residual compressive strength at all temperatures in both sodium and potassium‐based activators synthetised geopolymer. The measured mass loss and volumetric shrinkage are also lowest in both geopolymers containing 2% nano silica among all nano silica contents. Results also show that although the unexposed compressive strength of potassium‐based geopolymer containing nano silica is lower than its sodium‐based counterpart, the rate of increase of residual compressive strength exposed to elevated temperatures up to 400°C of potassium‐based geopolymer containing nano silica is much higher. It is also observed that the measured residual compressive strengths of potassium based geopolymer containing nano silica exposed at all temperatures up to 800°C are higher than unexposed compressive strength, which was not the case in its sodium‐based counterpart. However, in the case of geopolymer containing fine silica sand, an opposite phenomenon is observed, and 10% fine silica sand is found to be the optimum content with some deviations. Quantitative X‐ray diffraction analysis also shows higher amorphous content in both geopolymers containing nano silica at elevated temperatures than those containing fine silica sand.     

Bone ash reinforced geopolymer composites

Potassium-based, geopolymer composites were made with BASF^® metakaolin and Mymensingh clay-derived metakaolin from Bangladesh. Since the natural Mymensingh clay contained 40 wt.% quartz, this same amount of quartz particulates was added to the BASF^® metakaolin to make a synthetic analog of the natural calcined clay. By analogy with bone china, bone ash or calcined hydroxyapatite (5CaO•3P₂O₅ or “HA”) particles, having a Ca: P ratio of 3.3:1, were added to make the three types of geopolymer-based composites described above. For less refractory particulate additions, dicalcium phosphate (DCP) (2CaO•P₂O₅ or “DCP”) particles, having a Ca: P ratio of 2:1, were also added to another set of geopolymers. The ambient temperature compressive and flexural strengths were measured for all of the geopolymer composites. The HA or DCP reinforced geopolymer composites were fabricated and heat-treated to 1150°C/1 h, after which they were converted to their mineralogical analogs. Their mechanical properties of compressive and 3-point flexural strengths were again measured. Flexural strengths of 22.42 ± 11.0 MPa and 31.97 ± 8.3 MPa were measured in 1 × 1 × 10 cm³ heat-treated geopolymer bars reinforced with 10 wt.% of DCP and in geopolymer reinforced with 10 wt.% DCP +40 wt.% quartz additions, respectively. Significant improvements to ambient temperature properties were observed due to the self-healing effect of the flowing amorphous DCP, whose presence was verified by SEM. The geopolymer samples exhibited reduced water absorption (WA) (on a percentage dry weight basis) of within 0.03-0.5% after being heated at 1100℃/1 h and 1125℃/1 h, as compared with those at room temperature, which varied between 2.56% and 7.89%.     

磷酸镁涂层高温后力学性能研究

磷酸镁涂层是一种新型、耐高温无机防火材料,同时,也是一种性能优异的工业钢结构无机防腐蚀材料。本文重点关注磷酸镁涂层在高温作用后的力学性能,通过试验系统研究了磷酸镁涂层在高温(100 ℃、200 ℃、300 ℃、400 ℃、500 ℃、700 ℃、900 ℃)作用后硬度、粘结强度等力学性能的变化,以及力学性能变化的微观机理。结果表明,高温后的磷酸镁涂层具有较好的完整性,表观无粉化、起泡、剥落和开裂等缺陷出现。相较于常温,高温后的磷酸镁涂层力学性能略有下降,其中300 ℃高温后的涂层粘结强度最低,且硬度下降最显著。此后随着温度升高,涂层力学性能有不同程度的提高。基于不同温度下微观表征和热重分析,揭示了造成磷酸镁涂层高温力学性能变化的四阶段高温演化机理。