Raschig Super‐Ring Operating Characteristics in Unpulsed Liquid‐Liquid Extraction Columns

Raschig Super‐Rings are well‐established in the field of rectification and absorption. Instead, the efficiency of these packings in liquid‐liquid extraction was not investigated till now. The application of Raschig Super‐Ring No. 0.3 and Raschig Super‐Ring No. 1 packings in unpulsed liquid‐liquid extraction columns of diameters DN 80 and DN 150 is investigated with respect to flooding point and efficiency. As a comparative study, 15‐mm and 25‐mm Pall‐Ring packings are used. The hydrodynamic studies indicate that the Raschig Super‐Ring offers a 9–10 % higher load capacity compared to the Pall‐Rings. In addition, the mass transport investigations performed using the test system toluene/acetone/water reveal that the height of transfer units (HTU) for the Raschig Super‐Ring No. 0.3 is higher than for the comparable 15‐mm Pall‐Ring. On average, the achieved difference of the HTU unit is 0.26 m.     

A Study on Modern High Effective Random Packings for Ethanol‐Water Rectification

Raschig Super‐Ring is a modern and high‐efficient packing used for intensification of absorption and distillation processes. The aim of this work is to characterize the efficiency of this packing applied to rectification of an important industrial system, ethanol‐water, and to compare its efficiency to that of some random packings of the third generation as well as to the structured packing, HOLPACK, which is used in the ethanol production industry. The experiments were carried out in a column installation, 0.213 m in diameter with a packing height of 2.8 m. The column is heated by a number of electrical heaters (total power 45 kW), which can be switched gradually. Operation at total and partial reflux is possible. Eight types of random packings were studied: five types of Raschig Super‐Ring, four metallic (with characteristic dimensions 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 1”) and one of plastic material 0.6”; two types of packing IMTP and one plastic Ralu Flow. Some experiments were conducted at total reflux operation at vapor velocity, 0.253–0.936 m/s, and liquid superficial velocity, 4.44 · 10^–4–1.63 · 10^–3 m³/(m²s). Experiments at partial reflux were carried out at constant liquid superficial velocity and changeable vapor velocity as well as at constant vapor velocity and changeable liquid velocity. The results are presented as height of transfer unit, HTU, and height equivalent to a theoretical plate, HETP, as a function of the velocity of phases.     

散装填料塔设计及核算软件开发

在查阅了大量国内外文献资料的基础上,研究了填料塔的流体力学计算模型以及其他一些参数的计算模型。并利用Microsoft Visual Basic6．0开发了一套可适用于拉西环、鲍尔环、阶梯环、弧鞍、矩鞍、金属环矩鞍等散装填料塔设计及核算软件。本文主要通过金属阶梯环介绍了散装填料塔设计及核算软件的具体开发过程,并以具体实例作为软件的考核评估。     

Determination of Liquid Radial Spreading Coefficients of Some Highly Effective Packings

The liquid radial spreading coefficient of packings for absorption and rectification columns is necessary to determine the packing height which ensures uniform liquid distribution over the column cross section. The existing calculation methods can be used theoretically only when this coefficient is independent of the liquid superficial velocity, which is often not the case. A tracer method free from this limitation is developed and tested. The spreading coefficients for different sizes of modern, highly effective packings (Raschig Super‐Ring, Ralu‐Flow, and impulse metal tower packing) are determined. Practically, in the range of the experimental error, the spreading coefficients of these packings are independent of the liquid superficial velocity. For such packings the tracer method is expected to give the same results as the existing single jet method. Some differences between the results of these two methods are discussed and an explanation is proposed.     

超级扁环填料及其在氮肥厂气体净化过程中的应用

国内外最新的研究工作表明,在液液萃取、液气比很大的吸收和高压精馏的情况下,应用散装填料的操作性能优于规整填料和塔盘。其中扁环填料具有独特的结构和优异性能。本文介绍了从阶梯短环到超级扁环的发展过程、技术特点和在合成氨气体净化中的应用。     

C_9馏分精馏分离系统的技术改造

通过对原有C9分离装置的技术改造,使精馏塔的分离效果达到了厂方的要求。改造过程中采用了高效规整填料、新型塔盘、散堆填料相结合的形式,使整塔压降大幅减小,操作温度降低。不但提高了整塔的抗堵塞性能,而且减小了双环戊二烯的解聚程度,从而提高了产品双环戊二烯馏分的收率。     

Study on Absorption Performance at High Liquid Loads using a Novel Random Packing: Super Mini Ring

Abstract

The Super Mini Ring (SMR), a novel random packing, has found wide application in liquefied petroleum gas purification and carbon dioxide absorption as it has particularly good performance at high liquid loads. In this study, the hydrodynamic and mass transfer models for this type of packing were studied and compared over a wide range of liquid loads (L_W = 0–220 m³·m^?2·h^?1). The modified Billet and Schultes pressure equation was found to be superior to other models presented in the literature. Models used to calculate the flooding gas velocity and the height of the mass transfer unit for the SMR have also been presented.     

采用高效塔盘和填料综合成组技术改造催化主分馏塔

针对催化分馏塔的工艺特点，在不改变塔体的基础上，提出了ADV高效塔盘和SP规整填料的综合成组技术，并应用该技术时塔内件进行改造，实现了催化主分馏塔的扩能及综合性能的完善。与改造前相比，改造后的催化主分馏塔处理能力增大，操作弹性提高，压降减小，分离效率提高，能耗降低；消除了操作过程中的瓶颈，保证了汽油降烯烃的要求。     

金属丝网波纹填料及其在化工生产中的应用

金属丝网波纹填料是最重要的高效精密型填料之一，文章阐述了填料的发展历程，性能和金属丝网波纹填料塔塔内件的选用，并介绍了金属丝网波纹填料在化工生产中的应用。     

聚乙烯扁环填料的流体力学与传质性能研究

在TDBY - 30 0多功能填料塔实验装置中 ,以空气 -氨气 -水为物系 ,对Φ2 5mm聚乙烯扁环填料的流体力学及传质性能进行了研究。获得了该填料的几何特性参数和ΔP/Z～Fv、H0 ～Fv、HOG～G、HETP～G及KGa～G等关系曲线。结果表明 :该填料具有压降适中、通量高、气液分布均匀及传质性能稳定等优点 ,比较适用于清洁、腐蚀性流体的气 -液吸收、精馏和萃取等传质分离工业过程     

Enhancement of the thermal performance of a wet cooling tower

The effect of packing roughness on the thermal and hydraulic performance of a packed bed wet cooling tower were investigated experimentally. Tower enhancement ratio and air-side pressure drop ratio were determined as functions of packing relative roughness at different values of water inlet temperature, and water-to-air mass flux ratio. The packing used was glass Raschig rings 10 mm thick and 10 mm in diameter. The surface roughness was changed by adhering sand papers of different roughness to the outside surface of the packing. The experimental data showed that an increase in the surface relative roughness from 1 to 5.62 can increase both the tower enhancement ratio and the air side pressure drop ratio up to 146% and 142%, respectively. The effect of the surface relative roughness is more pronounced at lower values of water-to-air mass flux ratio and at higher values of hot water inlet temperature. Also, a new analytical expression was developed to calculate the cooling tower characteristics.     

改造玛利600型横流冷却塔的最宜途径

叙述了原玛利６００型双向横流引冷却塔内件的改造。对填料与收水器的选型与性能进行了讨论;根据原塔与改造后塔的实测数据对比,证明在不改变原塔结构情况下,对塔内件进行重新设计安装和布置,可最大限度地提高塔的热力性能和能力。     

Liquid/Solid Mass Transfer in Fixed Beds

The liquid/solid mass transfer behavior of a fixed bed of cylinders was studied using the diffusion‐controlled dissolution of copper in acidified potassium dichromate. Variables studied were solution velocity and cylinder diameter. For a steady flow, the data were correlated for the conditions 25 < Re < 600 and Sc = 990 by the equation Sh = 2.65 Sc^0.33 Re^0.5. A comparison between the present data and previously obtained data for a fixed bed of Raschig rings has revealed that cylinder packing produces higher rates of mass transfer than Raschig rings.     

CO2 Absorption Behavior with a Novel Random Packing: Super Mini Ring

Abstract

For the purpose of capturing CO₂ from flue gas the absorption of CO₂ into an aqueous solution of monoethanolamine was measured by using a column packed with a novel packing, Super Mini Ring (SMR). The SMR gave a higher absorption performance relative to pall ring packing due to a larger effective surface area and also reduced the frictional pressure gradient. The absorption mechanism was observed to be mainly gas phase controlling. It was concluded that for the treatment of flue gas the SMR packing could reduce the height of the absorption column by 20% relative to a pall ring packed column.     

XD-1新型锥度螺旋填料的流体力学特性与机理

XD-1型锥度螺旋填料独特的锥度螺旋结构能使气液二相由逆流接触转变为错流接触,使之与常规填料有完全不同的流体力学特性。在80 mm的冷模实验塔内,用空气-水物系测定了填料的流体力学特性,还与θ环、拉西环和丝网波纹填料进行了比较。实验结果表明,在相同喷淋密度下,锥度螺旋、拉西环、θ环和波纹丝网4种填料的空隙率之比为:0.823∶0.781∶0.947∶0.855时,单位填料层压降之比为:0.58∶1.35∶1.08∶0.65,泛点气速之比为:0.725∶0.280∶0.658∶0.703。     

散装填料汽提器流态化试验研究

用散装塑料阶梯环代替传统汽提段内构件,采用氢气示踪法在Ф90×1 000 mm的有机玻璃装置内研究了汽提气表观线速和催化剂循环量对汽提效率、床层膨胀率和床层平均密度的影响规律,并在同样的操作条件下和空筒汽提段进行了对比。试验中还对比考察了两种汽提段内汽提气的停留时间分布及流动差别。试验结果表明：填料汽提段和空筒汽提段相比不仅具有较高的汽提效率,而且能允许更高的催化剂循环量;提高了床层的有效利用率;填料的加入使汽提气的流动返混程度有所减小。     

新型填料在恩德粉煤气化洗涤除尘系统中的应用

介绍了大型填料塔用新型规整填料、塔内件(气液分布器、进气初始分布器)在恩德炉净化系统中的应用情况.改进后,煤气中粉尘含量降至65～75 mg/m3(标态),基本可满足后序工段要求.     

Efficiency of Distillation Columns Containing Packed Sieve Trays

Abstract

The Murphree efficiency of the fifth tray in a six-sieve tray distillation column, 7.8 cm in diameter and 85 cm high, was increased from 37.5 to 90% when three disks of a wire mesh pad, 9 cm high, were placed on the tray. An acetone-methanol test system was used in this investigation. The pressure drop across the tower corresponding to this packing increased by 33%. Nine disks of Raschig rings of similar height increased the tray efficiency to 75% and the pressure drop by 16%. A model was used for the azeotropic system, and the overall tower efficiency was found to increase by about 20% due to the presence of packing on a single tray.     

乙烯装置汽油分馏塔的设计优化

汽油分馏塔在扩能改造及优化设计中的主要问题包括两个方面：一是高效填料的选择应用；二是从工艺及结构上解决气相聚合物和焦化物对填料及气液分布器的堵塞问题。采用抗堵能力强和综合性能优良的双矩鞍环(TH)填料、FG蜂窝格栅填料和新型槽式液体分布器是进行该塔优化设计的方案之一。     

双切环流气体分布器性能的实验研究

湿空气透平(HAT)循环被誉为21世纪最有竞争力的先进动力循环,HAT循环的核心部件饱和器采用了填料塔的结构形式,为了提高整塔的性能,改进并设计了双切环流气体分布器.目前,双切环流气体分布器设计依然主要依靠经验进行设计,而实验的方法依然是分布器性能最可靠的研究方法.文中利用直径φ800 mm的饱和器实验台,对改进后的双...