偃松子油脂肪酸组成的研究

通过GC及GC MS研究了偃松子油的主要脂肪酸组成。结果表明偃松子仁含油率为38.4 5 % ,松子仁中主要含有油酸 4 0 .7% ,亚油酸 16 .9% ,软脂酸 (棕榈酸 ) 2 8.0 % ,辛酸 5 .1% ,硬脂酸 3.8%等。不饱和脂肪酸总含量至少达 5 9.0 %。     

灵芝孢子油脂肪酸组分分析

脂肪酸含量差异是目前油种真伪鉴别的主要方法,采用气相色谱(GC)法对灵芝孢子油脂肪酸组分进行了分析。结果显示:灵芝孢子油中检出15种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸占22.931%,主要为棕榈酸(15.729%)、硬脂酸(3.734%)和十七碳酸(1.402),不饱和脂肪酸占76.977%,主要为油酸(63.027%)和亚油酸(12.809%)。同时对市售5个不同品牌灵芝孢子油(100%)软胶囊中油的脂肪酸组分进行了分析,发现其脂肪酸组成及含量比较接近,棕榈酸、十七碳酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸含量占95%以上,其中棕榈酸平均含量为15.181%,十七碳酸平均含量为1.423%,硬脂酸平均含量为3.722%,油酸平均含量为63.444%,亚油酸含量为13.189%。     

野漆树种籽含油率与脂肪酸成分分析

以中国野漆树、昭和福野漆树、伊吉野漆树等3种野漆树种籽为试材对象,利用索氏提取法和气相色谱-质谱联用法,测定了野漆树的含油率和脂肪酸成分。结果表明,(1)3种野漆树的含油率分别为12.37%,、6.46%、11.22%,差异极显著;(2)3种野漆树种籽油中脂肪酸成分至少有26种,其中亚油酸、油酸(E)、油酸(Z)、亚麻酸、棕榈油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸等7种脂肪酸的含量总和分别占测定到总脂肪酸含量的97.35%、97.92%、98.16%;(3)3种野漆树种籽油中不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸差别较大,为73.08%~84.46%之间,最高差值达11.38%;(4)昭和和伊吉两个日本品种的野漆树与中国野漆树在12-羟基-油酸、环丙烯丁酸、亚麻酸(异构)、蓖麻醇酸(蓖麻油酸)、二十二烷酸、二十三烷酸、二十四烷酸、9-十八碳烯酸十四酯、月桂酸等9种脂肪酸中存在质的区别。     

微波作用在测定磷矿石浮选捕收剂原料中的应用

采用微波作用以w(Na OH)5%的氢氧化钠-甲醇溶液为提取、皂化剂提取磷矿石浮选捕收剂原料(以橡胶籽为例)中脂肪酸并皂化,研究了提取条件、橡胶籽油的理化性质及其甲醇化后的组成,结果表明,提取、皂化时间以5 min为宜;利用气相质谱(GCMS)技术分析得出橡胶籽油中含有7种脂肪酸,以不饱和的油酸(25.86%)、亚油酸(39.91%)、和亚麻酸(18.01%)为主。     

确定猪油氢化反应终点的方法

皂用硬化油的熔点要求在57℃以上,可是猪油氢化以后的熔点往往达不到这一要求,即使延长氢化时间,碘价降至0．6以下,熔点按常规方法测定(1)仍然在51℃左右。猪油脂肪酸的一般组成 (2):豆蔻酸 1．3%棕榈酸28．3%硬脂酸11．9%十六烯酸2．7%油酸47．5%芥酸 6．0%其他不饱和酸 2．1%     

湖南西部山核桃脂肪含量及脂肪酸组成研究

以湖南西部不同产地山核桃为试材,采用索氏提取法和GC-MS分析法,测定了8个不同产地(吉首、龙山、古丈、凤凰、麻阳、靖州、永定、慈利)山核桃仁中脂肪含量及其油脂中脂肪酸组成,并进行差异性和相关性分析。结果表明:山核桃仁中的脂肪含量在55.86%~61.57%,平均值为58.87%;山核桃油中共检测出棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、花生酸和二十碳烯酸8种脂肪酸,以油酸含量(67.01%)最高,其次为亚油酸23.9%、棕榈酸4.48%、硬脂酸2.42%、α-亚麻酸1.91%,其他脂肪酸含量较低,不饱和脂肪酸平均含量达到93.01%;主要脂肪酸含量差异程度依次为:油酸α-亚麻酸亚油酸棕榈酸硬脂酸,但含量差异不显著。     

荞麦籽油的脂肪酸组成与含量分析

通过气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)测定荞麦籽油中的脂肪酸含量,用外标法与峰面积归一法进行定量分析。荞麦籽油脂肪酸种类丰富,以不饱和脂肪酸为主,其中单不饱和脂肪酸为45.10%,多不饱和脂肪酸为32.76%。荞麦籽油中4种脂肪酸含量:油酸亚油酸棕榈酸硬脂酸。     

Box-Behnken设计-效应面法优化杜仲籽油提取工艺及脂肪酸组成分析

选择液料比、提取温度、提取时间为考察因素,杜仲籽出油率为响应值,在单因素实验基础上,采用Box-Behnken设计-效应面法优化杜仲籽油的最佳提取条件,通过GC-MS分析杜仲籽油的脂肪酸组成。结果表明,杜仲籽油的最佳提取工艺条件为液料比V(石油醚)∶m(杜仲籽)=14 mL/g、提取温度35℃、提取时间90 min,杜仲籽油的平均出油率为10.96%,脂肪酸成分主要为棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚麻酸和亚油酸,w(不饱和脂肪酸)=88.34%。     

杂交楝果实含油量及籽油脂肪酸组成分析

对印楝和苦楝2个亲本采用体细胞融合技术杂交形成的7年生杂交楝进行了果实含油量测定,并对其籽油进行了脂肪酸组成分析。结果表明:果皮和果肉含油量较低,分别为 1.65% 和 1.53%;种仁含油量较高,为 39.20%。种仁经提取获得籽油后进行甲酯化处理,再进行GC-MS分析,共检测出6种脂肪酸。它们是亚油酸(C₁₈:2)67.00%、油酸(C₁₈:1)18.03%、棕榈酸(C₁₆:0)8.96%、硬脂酸(C₁₈:0)3.94%、花生酸(C₂₀:0)0.35% 和未知脂肪酸 1.72%;其中不饱和脂肪酸占 85.03%。杂交楝种仁含油量比苦楝高出1.6个百分点。     

怒江漆油中高级脂肪酸成分

对云南怒江漆油 (漆树籽油 )进行皂化得到了漆油的总脂肪酸 ,将总脂肪酸甲酯化得到总脂肪酸甲酯 ,用GC MS联用仪测定了所含高级脂肪酸的成分 ,结果表明云南怒江漆树油中高级脂肪酸分别为棕榈酸、油酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、二十烷二酸。其中 ,棕榈酸的质量分数高达 76.9%。     

番荔枝籽油脂脂肪酸组成的GC-MS分析

研究了番荔枝籽油脂中脂肪酸的组成.用索氏脂肪抽提器提取番荔枝籽的油脂,并以GC-MS分析油脂脂肪酸的组成.结果表明,番荔枝籽油脂收率达29.2％;番荔枝籽油脂中含有8种脂肪酸,主要为:油酸(45.37％)、亚油酸(30.68％)、棕榈酸(13.60％)和硬脂酸(8.94％),其中不饱和脂肪酸含量达76.29％.番荔枝籽含油量高,脂肪酸种类丰富,尤其是不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,具有较高的开发利用价值.     

杨梅核仁油的理化指标和脂肪酸成分分析

采用索氏提取法提取杨梅核仁油,并测定了杨梅核仁油的常见理化指标,同时采用GC-MS法分析了杨梅核仁油中的脂肪酸成分。结果表明,杨梅核仁油的提取率为67%,杨梅核仁油的折光率为1.471,酸价为0.416mg/g,过氧化值为0.023。GC-MS分析共检测出9种脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸总含量为85.63%,亚油酸含量为40.36%。     

Virgin hemp seed oil: An interesting niche product

Virgin hemp seed oil is not widespread on the market, although it is characterised by an interesting fatty acid composition with a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Linoleic acid is the predominant fatty acid, which comes, together with α‐linolenic acid (18:3n‐3), to approximately 80% of the total fatty acids. From a nutritional point of view, up to 7% γ‐linolenic acid (18:3n‐6) and 2.5% stearidonic acid (18:4n‐3) are very interesting. The total amount of tocopherols is high between 80 and 110 mg/100 g, with γ‐tocopherol as the main tocopherol (85%). Due to the high amount of unsaturated fatty acids, hemp seed oil is very susceptible to oxidative deterioration, which results in a fast impairment of the oil during storage. In addition, the high amounts of chlorophyll in the oil due to harvesting of high amounts of immature seeds require light protection, which is often neglected because of merchandising purposes. The virgin oil is characterised by a nutty taste with a slightly bitter aftertaste. The use of virgin hemp seed oil is recommended during mild processing of food without heat.     

番荔枝籽油脂脂肪酸组成的GC—MS分析

研究了番荔枝籽油脂中脂肪酸的组成。用索氏脂肪抽提器提取番荔枝籽的油脂,并以GC-MS分析油脂脂肪酸的组成。结果表明,番荔枝籽油脂收率达29．2％;番荔枝籽油脂中含有8种脂肪酸,主要为：油酸（45．37％）、亚油酸（30．68％）、棕榈酸（13．60％）和硬脂酸（8．94％）,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量达76．29％。番荔枝籽含油量高,脂肪酸种类丰富,尤其是不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,具有较高的开发利用价值。．     

Effect of nitrogen and zinc fertilization and plant growth retardants on cottonseed, protein, oil yields, and oil properties

The increase in the population in Egypt makes it imperative to explore promising approaches to increase food supply, including protein and oil, to meet the needs of the Egyptian people. Cotton is the principal crop of Egyptian agriculture. It is grown mainly for its fiber, but cottonseed products are also of economic importance. Cottonseed is presently the main source of edible oil and meal for livestock in Egypt. Field experiments were conducted in two successive seasons at the Agricultural Research Center (Giza, Egypt) on cotton (Gossypium barbadense L. cv. Giza 75) to determine the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate (107 and 161 kg of N/ha applied as ammonium nitrate containing 33.5% N in two equal doses at 6 and 8 wk after sowing), together with foliar applications of plant growth retardants (mepiquat chloride “Pix”, chloromequat chloride “Cycocel”, and daminozide “Alar”, each applied once at 288 g active ingredient/ha, after 75 d from sowing) and zinc (Zn) (applied in chelated form after 80 and 95 d from sowing at 48 g of Zn/ha) on seed, protein and oil yields and oil properties of cotton. The higher N-rate, as well as the application of all growth retardants and Zn, resulted in an increase in cottonseed yield, seed protein content, oil and protein yields/ha, seed oil refractive index, unsaponifiable matter, and total unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic). These treatments tended to decrease oil acid value, saponification value, and total saturated fatty acids. The seed oil content tended to decrease as N-rate increased and increased with the application of all growth retardants and Zn. There were some differences between Pix, Cycocel, and Alar regarding their effects on the studied characters. The highest increase in seed, oil, and protein yields/ha was found with Pix, followed by Cycocel. The Cycocel treatment gave the lowest total saturated fatty acids oil content, followed by Alar.     

Composition of Catalpa ovata Seed Oil and Flavonoids in Seed Meal as Well as Their Antioxidant Activities

In view of the growing demand for vegetable oil, currently exploration of some non‐conventional oils is of great concern. This study firstly analyzed the contents of fatty acids, phytosterols, and tocopherols in Catalpa ovata seed oil collected from four different Provinces in China. Then the composition of flavonoids as well as their antioxidant activities in defatted seed meal was determined. The results showed that the relative oil content in C. ovata seeds ranged from 24.0 to 36.0 % and seed oil was mainly composed of fatty acids linoleic acid (43.4–50.1 %), α‐linolenic acid (23.8–24.4 %), and oleic acid (13.1–16.2 %). The content of unsaturated fatty acids was up to 85.0 %. Sterol in seed oil mainly contained campesterol, stigmasterol, and β‐sitosterol. β‐sitosterol accounted for 74.0 % of the total sterol. The tocopherol content was 173.0–225.7 mg/100 g. Defatted seed meal from Hubei Province showed the highest content of total flavonoids (11 mg/g) and the strongest activities for DPPH radicals scavenging, ABTS radicals scavenging, and ferric reducing antioxidant power compared with other defatted seed meal in this study. Seven flavonoids were identified from C. ovata seed meal. These results suggest that C. ovata seeds may be developed as a new source of oil and can also be properly used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.     

Fatty acid content of marine oil capsules

The use of dietary ω3 fatty acid capsules has been associated with a decrease in plasma triglyceride levels. In addition, populations consuming diets rich in fish appear to have a decreased incidence of cardiovascular disease. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20∶5ω3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22∶6ω3) are major fatty acids in fish oils. It is believed that fish oils exert their biolotic effect through these fatty acids. Many individuals are currently taking fish oil capsules to lower lipids, increase bleeding time, and possibly decrease cardiovascular risk. These capsules also have been classified as food additives with less stringent controls on content. We assessed the fatty acid, cholesterol, and vitamin A and E content of eight commercially available capcules along with cod liver oil. The content of EPA was found to range from 8.7–26.4% (wt%) with a mean of 17.3% (82.4% of labeled content), and that of DHA from 8.9–17.4% with a mean of 11.5% (90.0% of labeled content) as assessed by capillary column gas-liquid chromatography. The mean content of the polyunsaturated ω3 fatty acids was 31.9%, and that of the ω6 fatty acids was 1.4%. The content of saturated fatty acids was 32,0%, and that of monounsaturated fatty acids was 25.1%. Cholesterol content was low, with a range of 0.7–8.3 mg/g, the α-tocopherol range was 0.62–2.24 mg/g, and the range of retinyl esters was 0.4–298.4 μg/g. Cod liver oil had substantially more retinyl esters (2450.1 μg/g) than did fish oil capsules. Our data serve as an independent guide to fish oil capsule fatty acid content upon single lot analysis, and indicate that these capsules contain as much saturated fat as they contain ω3 fatty acids.     

Milk Thistle Seed Oil Constituents from Different Varieties Grown in Iran

In this study, fatty acids, phytosterol classes and tocopherols composition of Milk thistle seeds oil were determined at four varieties grown in Ardebil-Iran. The four varieties consisted of two modified foreign varieties—Budakalaszi (originally from Hungary) and the CN-seed variety (originally from England) and two native varieties, namely Khoreslo and Babak Castle. The oil content of the seeds ranged from 26 to 31%. Among the fatty acids, linoleic acid had the highest percentage (50–54%) followed by oleic acid (23–29%) and palmitic acid (7–8%). This is the first detailed report on the phytosterol classes of milk thistle seeds oil. The 4-Desmethylsterol class was predominant (1,800–2,200 μg/g) followed by 4,4′-dimethylsterols (50–85 μg/g) and 4-monomethylsterols (26–35 μg/g). The α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols ranged from 187 to 465, 10 to 51, 9 to 12, and 18 to 80 μg/g oil, respectively. Based on the results obtained, the extracted oil from milk thistle seeds are rich in essential fatty acids, sterols and vitamin E and can be an attractive candidate for use in food preparation mixed with other vegetable oils or alone.     

Impacts of Refining and Antioxidants on the Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Oxidative Stability of Watermelon Seed Oil

Compositional analyses of seeds from two cultivars (Mateera and Sugar baby) was performed to evaluate their suitability as oilseeds. Watermelon seeds and kernels contained 21.9–25.5 % and 38.9–46.9 % oil of exceptionally high quality. The crude oil was expelled with a screw press and then refined to obtain a odor free and colorless oil. The moisture content, unsaponifiable matter content, refractive index, and specific gravity were within the narrow ranges. Refining influenced the color, acid value, saponification value, peroxide value, and free fatty acid contents. Linoleic acid (C18:2) was the principal fatty acid constituting 64.5–67.2 % of the total fatty acids. Oxidative stability increased with the addition of tocopherols, butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA), and tert-butyl hydroxyl quinine (TBHQ). The high amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) along with physicochemical properties were similar to soybeans, sunflower and other common vegetable oils, suggesting the suitabilty of watermelon seed oil for industrial production.     

Current advances in sunflower oil and its applications

The fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition of a vegetable oil determine its physical, chemical and nutritional properties. The applications of a specific oil depend mainly on its fatty acid composition and the way in which fatty acids are arranged in the glycerol backbone. Minor components, e. g. tocopherols, also modify oil properties such as thermo‐oxidative resistance. Sunflower seed commodity oils predominantly contain linoleic and oleic fatty acids with lower content of palmitic and stearic acids. High‐oleic sunflower oil, which can be considered as a commodity oil, has oleic acid up to around 90%. Additionally, new sunflower varieties with different fatty acids and tocopherols compositions have been selected. Due to these modifications sunflower oils possess new properties and are better adapted for direct home consumption, for the food industry, and for non‐food applications such as biolubricants and biodiesel production.