地震载荷对核电阀门可运行性影响机理研究

核电阀门在地震期间可否运行主要通过试验进行鉴定,为了降低核电阀门设计成本,以某闸阀为例,总结基于分析法的核电阀门可运行性抗震鉴定流程,并阐明地震对阀门可运行性的影响机理。运用有限元法研究阀门启闭过程中遭受地震载荷时其各部位的应力与接触压力的变化,分别基于可运行性和结构完整性对阀门进行抗震校核。结论如下：地震对阀门可运行性的影响在于放大了阀门滑动摩擦部位的接触压力,导致阀门闭合所需要克服的摩擦力增加,延后阀门闭合动作;与结构完整性分析相比,基于可运行性分析的抗震鉴定过程更加全面、苛刻。     

核电厂排污系统非再生热交换器设计

所设计的非再生热交换器应用于某核电厂工程1号机组的排污水冷却,其管侧和壳侧分别承受7.5 MPa和0.8 MPa的压力,一旦失效其危害性较大.以RCC-M《压水堆核电厂核电机械设备设计和建造规则》为依据,通过对该设备的材料、设计、制造、检验和压力试验等环节的控制,确保该设备能安全稳定地运行.     

阀门诊断技术在核电厂设备采购中的应用

介绍阀门诊断系统的工作原理,以及AP1000核电项目的电动楔式闸阀诊断试验,重点分析阀杆推力和扭矩,并将测试结果与设计计算结果进行比较,确保阀门电动执行机构选型的可靠性。核电阀门的诊断试验直接显示了阀门出厂时的性能参数,有助于检验阀门的设计要求,而且能够使用户通过对比阀门出厂性能参数,在阀门运行后期提前发现设备隐性缺陷,有针对性地对阀门部件进行检修。     

浅谈核电熟料原材料优选及生产控制要点

核电熟料原材料质量是否能够满足生产要求,要通过试验确认。试验证明,虽然转炉钢渣在化学成分上优于铁尾矿,但转炉钢渣对窑磨系统的运行均产生不利影响,从而影响核电熟料质量。通过调整生料细度、减少窑喂料量、降低窑速、提高窑系统的二次风温等措施,稳定窑系统运行参数,有效解决了核电熟料在煅烧过程中存在的液相量不足、黏度偏低以及烧结温度范围窄等难题。     

核电设备用20钢电镀锌铁合金及其性能

以核电设备用20钢为基体,进行锌铁合金电镀。通过模拟亚热带地区核电设备的运行环境,采用中性盐雾试验法研究镀锌铁合金钢板的耐蚀性。表征了锌铁合金镀层的厚度、微观结构和机械性能等。结果表明,锌铁合金镀层的厚度和机械性能均符合相关国标要求。从耐蚀性方面考虑,锌铁合金镀层适用于核电站的常规岛和辅助设备。     

我国核电涂料现状和第三代核电涂料技术

我国当前已建核电站基本都是采用二代或二代加核电技术,所用涂料也随之是属于二代核电涂料。AP1000型第三代核电技术已经逐渐成为我国在建和拟建核电站的主流核电技术,其对涂料的要求也较"二代加"核电涂料有了明显的提升。对二代核电涂料涂层配套以及第三代AP1000核电涂料的技术要求和相关试验方法、主要试验的试验标准、主要涂料的施工要求分别进行了介绍。     

压水堆核电站压力容器用材料性能的试验研究

对压水堆核电站压力容器用材料性能进行了试验研究,包括扭转性能和疲劳性能,从而为相关人员在设计、制造压力容器时的选材提供一定的借鉴。     

防腐橡胶衬里在核电设备中的应用研究

核反应堆发电在未来具有极大应用潜能,而其中的关键之一就是核电设备的耐腐蚀性,防腐橡胶衬里具有弹性好、化学稳定性高等优点,将其应用到核电设备中,有利于设备的长期稳定运行,因此,防腐橡胶衬里在核电设备中具有广阔的应用前景。本文简要介绍了核电设备防腐蚀以及核电设备防腐橡胶衬里的应用研究进展,同时也介绍了本公司用于核电设备中的防腐橡胶衬里的制备与应用实例。     

海南昌江核电项目设计风险管理

总结了核电项目设计风险管理的流程,并结合海南昌江核电项目对风险识别、风险评估与评价以及风险管理进行详细阐述,为后续项目设计风险管理提供相关经验。     

检查和试验计划在AP1000核电质量管理中的应用

凡事有章可循,凡是有人负责,凡事有人监督,凡事有据可查,四个凡事是AP1000核电建造项目与其他常规建筑项目的主要区别之一,核电项目安全性要求对事前控制和过程控制的体系完善,对文件记录的严谨性和可追溯性要求之高。本文主要介绍了AP1000核电建造中广泛采用的质量管理工具——检查和试验计划,从组成、运作流程及特殊情况下的存档记录方式,数据应用等方面,展现了检查和试验计划不可或缺的重要作用。检查和试验计划通过对人、机、料、法、环五大基本要素的控制,和每一个工作步骤的验证,有效可靠地完成了核电建造中的施工质量控制。     

核化工与核燃料工程专业“3＋1”人才培养模式的探索

根据核化工与核燃料工程专业人才培养目标,参照其他工科专业人才的培养模式,结合保密性强、专业性明显的＂核＂特色,制定了适合国防、核工业对核化工与核燃料工程专业人才需求的＂3＋1＂人才培养模式,并进行了探索与实践,取得了较好的成效。     

核化工与核燃料工程专业人才培养三维体系研究

根据国家教育部核军工特色专业及相关人才的发展需要,紧密围绕核化工与核燃料工程专业人才培养方向,构建适合核工业发展和专业需求的三维培养体系。并以东华理工大学2010级核化工与核燃料工程专业为试点开展实践研究,取得了较好的效果。     

两种磺酰脲类除草剂对中华大蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核及核异常诱导

采用红细胞微核和核异常测试法,研究了除草剂甲磺隆、苄嘧磺隆对中华大蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞的毒性效应。结果表明,除草剂甲磺隆和苄嘧磺隆均可不同程度地引起中华大蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核细胞率和核异常细胞率等遗传指标的上升(P<0.05;P<0.01),且不同除草剂,不同染毒时间处理后,引起的微核率和核异常细胞率均能达到一个峰值,但峰值出现的浓度不同;结果还表明除草剂甲磺隆和苄嘧磺隆诱导的核异常细胞率要比微核率高得多。除草剂浓度与微核率或核异常率无显著相关,没有明显的剂量——效应正相关关系;随着染毒时间增长,红细胞的微核率和核异常率有些许增长,但也不是很明显。     

Hydroacoustic Disturbances in Nuclear Explosions

Measurement techniques and some results obtained in underwater, abovewater, and underground nuclear explosions at the north test site are described. Parameters of hydroacoustic signals in a nuclear explosion in the Chernaya bay and in coastal underground nuclear explosions are described.     

An Overview of Interfacial Radiation Chemistry in Nuclear Technology

Interfacial radiation chemistry is of key importance in nuclear technology because most materials in the vicinity of radioactive materials in nuclear power plants, reprocessing plants, and repositories for nuclear waste are exposed to ionizing radiation. Corrosion is a crucial issue for the long-term performance and safety of these installations. Nevertheless, this field is still fairly undeveloped. In this paper, the current state of the art with particular focus on reactions between aqueous radiolysis products and metal or metal oxide surfaces is discussed. The general reactivity of hydrogen peroxide and the hydroxyl radical towards oxide surfaces is discussed on the basis of recent experimental results and DFT calculations. More specific discussions on radiation-induced surface processes in a future geological repository for spent nuclear fuel are given as relevant examples. This includes radiation-induced dissolution of spent nuclear fuel in contact with groundwater, radiation-induced corrosion of copper, and radiation-induced alterations of bentonite clay. Current knowledge gaps in these areas are highlighted.     

Preferential Dissolution of an Intergranular Amorphous Phase in a Nuclear Waste Ceramic

A leaching experiment is conducted on thin transmission electron microscope samples of a tailored polyphase nuclear waste ceramic. The results demonstrate that the intergranular noncrystalline phase is preferentially dissolved, which calls attention to the possibly detrimental role of any intergranular glass in ceramics designed to immobilize nuclear waste.     

Structure and disorder in MgSiO3 glasses above megabar pressures via nuclear magnetic resonance: DFT calculations

The structural modifications in oxide glasses under extreme compression may account for the pressure-induced increase in their mechanical toughness and rigidity, rendering potential for technological applications of the compressed glasses. High-resolution solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance has provided a structural information regarding glasses by identifying how nuclear spins behave and interact with nearby elements. However, knowledge of nuclear spins resonance in oxide glasses under extreme pressure above 1 million atmospheres has not been available, making the origins of glass densification illusive. In this article, ab initio calculations of prototypical magnesium silicate glasses quantify how structural changes in glasses affect the nature of nuclear spin interactions at high pressure beyond megabars. The calculated results establish novel correlations between pressure-induced evolution of atomic structures, such as oxygen and cation coordination numbers, bond angle and lengths, and structurally relevant nuclear magnetic resonance parameters for Mg, Si, and O in compressed oxide glasses above megabar pressures. The established correlations highlight that the nuclear spins in glasses can serve as a new indicator to the extreme densification paths. Pressure-induced dispersion in nuclear spin parameters also reveals an overall increase in the topological entropy. This entropy gain may weaken glasses at an elevated pressure conditions, accounting for potential softening of the compressed glasses. The proposed relationships open a new window to the evolution of diverse complex glasses under extreme stress and compression with high-resolution solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance.     

Engineering management of nuclear desalination plants—a case study,Saudi Arabia

Engineering management and manpower aspects of potential nuclear desalination projects in non-nuclear countries are considered here with emphasis on safety and quality assurance. Detailed investigation is made of manpower and staffing requirements of dual-purpose nuclear power and desalination plants. Organization and management of typical overall nuclear programs and individual plants are studied to provide specific recommendations of procedures compatible with countries having little or modest industrial activity. Saudi Arabia was selected as a specific case for this study; however, the results apply generally to countries at the same industrial development level. The case of Saudi Arabia is of interest due to the peculiarities of a shortage in human capital and a lack of industries necessary to support desalination and nuclear energy activities.     

涤纶工业长丝含油率测试方法的比较

通过对红外分光光谱法、洗涤减量法及核磁共振法3种涤纶工业长丝含油率测试方法的比较,找出这3种方法之间的不同及相互联系,认为核磁共振法具有测试速度快、操作简单、测试精度高及不需试剂的优点。     

利用泥鳅红细胞微核及核异常测定法对四种除草剂遗传毒性的研究

采用红细胞微核和核异常测试法,研究了除草剂精禾草克、氟乐灵、扫特、2甲4氯钠盐水剂对泥鳅红细胞的遗传毒性。泥鳅在各除草剂试验液中染毒24h,采血制片。结果表明,四种除草剂均不同程度地引起微核细胞率和核异常细胞率等遗传指标的上升,其中部分浓度组较对照组差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)。除草剂浓度与微核率或核异常率无显著相关,不表现剂量效应关系。四种除草剂对泥鳅红细胞具有明显的诱变效应,其中扫特的诱变效应大于其它三种除草剂。