阴离子交换树脂对茶氨酸的吸附动力学和热力学

以酶法制备茶氨酸,研究了碱性条件下阴离子交换树脂对茶氨酸的吸附与分离. 结果表明,强碱性树脂对茶氨酸的吸附性能优于弱碱性树脂,且其吸附容量受pH值的影响较小,pH=9.0时凝胶型强碱性树脂HZ202对茶氨酸的平衡吸附量可达96.3 mg/g. 对HZ202吸附茶氨酸的吸附等温模型及动力学、热力学参数进行了分析,结果表明,茶氨酸在HZ202树脂表面为非均一分布,Spis模型可较好模拟其吸附等温线数据;热力学参数计算结果显示,不同温度下吸附过程的吉布斯自由能变DG均为负值,表明吸附为自发的放热过程;吸附过程的焓变DH=20.9~418.4 kJ/mol,可判断其为化学吸附. 茶氨酸吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,吸附过程受化学反应控制,提高茶氨酸初始浓度可提高吸附速率.     

D401大孔树脂吸附锰铁混合液中Fe~(3+)的热力学和动力学研究

采用D401树脂对锰铁混合液进行静态吸附性能及热力学、动力学研究,考察了Fe3+浓度、pH值和温度等对静态吸附Fe3+的影响,探讨吸附Fe3+的动力学过程,并采用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附模型对D401树脂吸附Fe3+的静态等温曲线进行了拟合。结果表明,在pH=1.5,温度313 K,Fe3+的最大静态吸附量是115.7 mg/g;D401对Fe3+吸附遵循Langmuir方程;△H Fe3+>0,ΔG Fe3+<0,表明D401对Fe3+的吸附是自发吸热过程;D401树脂对Fe3+的吸附符合拟二级动力学方程,颗粒扩散过程是吸附的控速步骤。静态吸附实验表明,D401大孔树脂能有效的对锰铁混合液中铁锰离子进行分离。     

水葫芦对水溶液中Cu2+和Pb2+的吸附研究

采用水葫芦作为生物吸附剂去除溶液中的Cu2+和Pb2+,针对pH、吸附剂投加量、重金属初始含量、温度及吸附时间等影响吸附的主要因素进行了实验研究,探讨了等温吸附、吸附热力学及动力学。结果表明,pH是影响吸附效果的重要因素,在pH为2~6时,随着pH的增加,重金属离子的去除率也相应的升高。水葫芦对Cu2+和Pb2+的吸附速度很快,80min左右即可达到平衡,吸附过程符合准2级动力学模型;利用Langmuir等温方程拟合得到水葫芦对Cu2+和Pb2+的最大吸附量分别为26.39、81.63mg/g;吸附热力学参数ΔG、ΔH均小于0,表明吸附是一个自发放热的过程。经3次解吸后,水葫芦仍然保持着较高的吸附性能,在重金属废水处理方面有很好的应用前景。     

花生壳活性炭对Cu~(2+)的吸附性能研究

以花生壳为原料,磷酸为活化剂制备花生壳活性炭,采用高分辨电子扫描电镜(SEM)对花生壳活性炭进行了表征。从热力学和动力学的角度,研究了花生壳活性炭对Cu2+的吸附行为。热力学研究表明:花生壳活性炭对Cu2+的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,该吸附是自发吸热过程。动力学研究表明:花生壳活性炭对Cu2+的吸附符合二级反应动力学方程反应特征,颗粒内扩散为主要控速步骤。     

三甲铵型阴离子交换树脂的制备及其对Cr(VI)的吸附性能

用氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯树脂代替传统的氯甲基化聚苯乙烯树脂,通过与三甲胺反应得到一种新型的三甲铵型强碱性阴离子交换树脂,对该树脂进行了红外光谱表征、元素分析及微孔结构的测定,同时研究了其对Cr(VI)的静态吸附性能. 结果表明,该树脂对Cr(VI)的吸附量随pH的降低而增加,pH=2时最大吸附量达117 mg/g. 吸附过程在实验浓度范围内符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程,相关系数分别为0.9988和0.9769. 动力学研究表明,吸附过程符合Boyd液膜扩散方程,相关系数为0.9927. 热力学函数DG0<0,表明该吸附过程为自发过程;DH0=-3648.16 J/mol,说明该吸附过程为放热过程,同时DS0=3.98 J/(K×mol),说明吸附过程熵增加占主导作用. 吸附后用5%的NaOH可以将Cr(VI)洗脱,洗脱率达96%以上.     

聚酰基硫脲树脂对Cu~(2+)的吸附性能研究

采用对苯二甲酰基二异硫氰酸酯与苯二胺通过界面缩聚反应制备了含有硫脲基团的螯合树脂。通过静态吸附方法,考察了不同的pH值、时间、温度以及Cu2+的初始浓度条件下树脂对Cu2+的吸附性能,初步探讨了树脂对Cu2+的吸附热力学和动力学。结果表明,吸附过程符合Boyd液膜扩散方程,液膜扩散为吸附主要控制步骤;等温吸附可较好符合Langmuir吸附模型,吸附过程为单分子层吸附;吸附容量随温度的升高而增加,吸附为吸热过程。     

改性玉米秸秆对Cu~(2+)废水的吸附

采用改性玉米秸秆对含Cu2+废水进行吸附处理。研究了改性玉米秸秆吸附剂投加量、pH、温度对废水中Cu2+吸附作用的影响。结果表明:对质量浓度≤50mg/L的Cu2+废水,在秸秆投加质量为0.3g(质量浓度6g/L)、pH为6.5~7.0、吸附温度298K、吸附平衡时间35min条件下,对Cu2+的吸附率约97.2%,吸附量约10mg/g。改性玉米秸秆对Cu2+的吸附量随溶液中Cu2+平衡浓度、温度及吸附时间的增加而增加;吸附过程可用Langmuir、Freundlich和Temkin方程很好地拟合,其中Langmuir方程拟合得最好,最大饱和吸附量为12.195mg/g。吸附是一个自发吸热的快速反应过程,在35min内能达到稳定平衡,Elovich方程能更好地拟合该动力学特征。     

壳聚糖/Y分子筛复合材料的制备及其对Cu~(2+)吸附研究

在微波辐射下制备了壳聚糖/Y分子筛复合材料(CTS/Y),考察了其对Cu2+吸附性能。结果表明:Y分子筛质量分数为6%时CTS/Y对Cu2+吸附量最大;随交联剂用量增大,树脂吸附量先增加后降低;溶液pH为5.2时对Cu2+吸附量最大。动力学研究表明吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型。     

酰基硫脲树脂的合成及其对Cu~(2+)的吸附性能研究

通过对苯二甲酰基二异硫氰酸酯与二乙烯三胺的界面缩聚反应,制备了一种含有硫脲基团的螯合树脂。产品基于对苯二甲酰基二异硫氰酸酯收率为91.92%。用红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜对树脂的化学结构、表面形貌、分散情况及其分布进行了表征。采用静态吸附法研究了该树脂对铜离子的吸附性能,树脂对Cu2+吸附在15 h后基本达到平衡,适宜的p H值在4.5左右,吸附量可达1.12 mmol/g。通过分析树脂吸附动力学和吸附等温线,表明对苯二甲酰基硫脲树脂对Cu2+的吸附规则遵循Boyd液膜扩散方程和Langmuir等温吸附方程,整个吸附过程为吸热过程。     

酰基硫脲树脂的合成及其对Cu~(2+)的吸附性能研究

通过对苯二甲酰基二异硫氰酸酯与二乙烯三胺的界面缩聚反应,制备了一种含有硫脲基团的螯合树脂。产品基于对苯二甲酰基二异硫氰酸酯收率为91.92%。用红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜对树脂的化学结构、表面形貌、分散情况及其分布进行了表征。采用静态吸附法研究了该树脂对铜离子的吸附性能,树脂对Cu2+吸附在15 h后基本达到平衡,适宜的p H值在4.5左右,吸附量可达1.12 mmol/g。通过分析树脂吸附动力学和吸附等温线,表明对苯二甲酰基硫脲树脂对Cu2+的吸附规则遵循Boyd液膜扩散方程和Langmuir等温吸附方程,整个吸附过程为吸热过程。     

Adsorption of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions using ion exchange resins with different functional groups

The extraction of heavy metals from industrial effluents using efficient adsorbents is crucial for wastewater treatment and beneficial for metal recycling. In this study, the removal of Cu(II) from an acidic solution by commercial resins Dowex G-26 and Puromet™ MTS9570 was investigated. The influences of contact time, solution concentration, pH, temperature, and a resin dosage on the adsorption process were studied with batch technique. The optimum adsorption conditions were obtained at a concentration of 1100 mg/L Cu, contact time of 30 min, pH 3.5, and resin dosage of 0.025 g/ml for the removal of 99.9% and 90% of copper ions by G-26 and MTS9570, respectively. The experimental data of copper adsorption were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. The highest metal uptakes of 41.67 and 37.70 mg/g were observed for Dowex G-26 and MTS9570, respectively. It was found that both resins had higher adsorption capacities than the substances reported in the literature. The adsorption kinetic studies showed that the copper adsorption process could be better described by the pseudo-second order model. Adsorption occurs spontaneously under endothermic conditions, which indicates the endothermic nature of the process.     

Preparation and characterization of an IPN type chelating resin containing amino and carboxyl groups for removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions

A novel IPN type chelating resin, amino-functionalized poly (glycidyl methacrylate)/poly (acrylic acid), (pGMA/pAA), was synthesized by a combination of serial reactions including, conventional radical polymerization, amination and photopolymerization. To assess the efficacy and characteristics of the resin in removal of Cu (II), batch adsorption experiments were carried out, and the effects of different parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration, temperature, and pH on the adsorption process were investigated. The results showed that 0.5 g/L dosage and pH 5 are the optimum values to achieve the maximum adsorption capacity and the adsorption kinetic of Cu (II) was well represented by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In addition, it was found that the adsorption was mainly controlled by the film diffusion mechanism, along with a considerable contribution of the intra-particle diffusion mechanism, and Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm models can be used for interpreting the adsorption process. Moreover, FT-IR analysis results and the mean free energies of adsorption clearly indicate that the ion exchange and chelation mechanisms took place as dominating mechanisms simultaneously during the adsorption process. It was also found to be that IPN resin could be used at least four times without losing its original activity.     

改性膨润土对废水中Cd(II)的吸附特征及吸附动力学研究

为探讨改性膨润土对Cd(II)的吸附特征及吸附动力学机制,通过吸附实验探讨了pH值、初始浓度和吸附时间对改性膨润土吸附Cd(II)的影响。结果表明,盐酸改性膨润土对Cd(II)的去除率表现为随溶液pH值升高而升高,而氢氧化钠改性膨润土、膨润土与十二烷基磺酸钠改性膨润土的去除率分别在pH=6和7时达到最大值。膨润土及改性膨润土对Cd(II)的去除率随初始浓度的增加而降低,吸附量随平衡浓度增加而增大,并趋向平稳,吸附符合Langmuir方程,吸附为单分子层吸附。膨润土及改性膨润土的吸附反应在240 min内基本达到平衡,吸附动力学分析表明吸附过程更符合准二级动力学模型,吸附过程以化学吸附为主,膨润土及改性膨润土的吸附速率大小依次为K2HCl-B＞K2NaOH-B＞K2B＞K2SDS-B,液膜扩散与颗粒内扩散过程均为控速步骤。该研究可为改性膨润土处理含镉废水和修复镉污染土壤提供参考。     

Batch adsorptive removal of copper ions in aqueous solutions by ion exchange resins: 1200H and IRN97H

The removal of copper from aqueous solution by ion exchange resins, such as 1200H and IRN97H, is described. Effect of initial metal ion concentration, agitation time and pH on adsorption capacities of ion exchange resins was investigated in a batch mode. The adsorption process, which is pH dependent, shows maximum removal of copper in the pH range 2–7 for an initial copper concentration of 10 mg/L. The experimental data have been analyzed by using the Freundlich, Langmuir, Redlich-Peterson, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models. The batch sorption kinetics have been tested for a first-order, pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic reaction models. The rate constants of adsorption for all these kinetic models have been calculated. Results showed that the intraparticle diffusion and initial sorption into resins of Cu(II) in the ion exchange resins was the main rate limiting step. The uptake of copper by the ion exchange resins was reversible and thus has good potential for the removal/recovery of copper from aqueous solutions. We conclude that such ion exchange resins can be used for the efficient removal of copper from water and wastewater. This paper is dedicated to Professor Hyun-Ku Rhee on the occasion of his retirement from Seoul National University.     

Adsorption isotherms,kinetic, and desorption studies on removal of toxic metal ions from aqueous solutions by polymeric adsorbent

Adsorption of Cd(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) on aminopyridine modified poly(styrene‐alt‐maleic anhydride) crosslinked by 1,2‐diaminoethane as an ion exchange resin has been investigated in aqueous solution. Adsorption behavior of these metal ions on the resin was studied by varying the parameters such as pH (2–6), adsorbent dose (0–4.0 g/L), contact time (0–240 min), and metal ions concentration (20–300 mg/L). Adsorption percentage was increased by increasing each of these parameters. The isotherm models such as: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich were used to describe adsorption equilibrium. The results showed that the best fit was achieved with the Langmuir isotherm equation, yielding maximum adsorption capacities of 81.30, 49.02, and 76.92 mg/g for Cd(II), Co(II), and Ni(II), respectively. The pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order, and intra‐particle diffusion kinetics equations were used for modeling of adsorption data and it was shown that pseudo‐second‐order kinetic equation could best describe the adsorption kinetics. The intra‐particle diffusion study revealed that external diffusion might be involved in this case. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41642.     

载铜树脂处理高含盐氨氮废水的性能

针对高含盐氨氮废水，选择具有不同功能基团的树脂为载体，进行负载Cu2+改性制得载铜树脂并对其处理高含盐氨氮废水的性能进行研究。在筛选出最佳载铜树脂的基础上，研究pH及Na+浓度、树脂投加量、反应时间对载铜树脂处理高含盐氨氮废水效果的影响，通过对吸附氨氮前后的载铜树脂进行SEM和EDS表征分析并构建吸附动力学模型以进一步探究配位吸附的过程。结果表明，Cu2+可与螯合树脂D751稳定结合且在宽pH值下均表现出耐盐性和良好的氨氮吸附效果；在室温(25℃)、pH=11及Na+浓度4 g/L、树脂投加量8 g/L、反应时间60 min的条件下，D751载铜树脂对氨氮的去除率为34.8%。D751载铜树脂吸附氨氮后其表面出现明显的晶状结构物质，该物质可能为铜氨络合物。D751载铜树脂对高含盐氨氮的吸附符合准二级动力学模型。     

Adsorption of Cr(III), Ni(II), Zn(II), Co(II) ions onto phenolated wood resin

In this study, phenolated wood resin was used an adsorbent for the removal of Cr(III), Ni(II), Zn(II), Co(II) ions by adsorption from aqueous solution. The adsorption of metal ions from solution was carried at different contact times, concentrations and pHs at room temperature (25°C). For individual metal ion, the amount of metal ions adsorbed per unit weight of phenolated wood resin at equilibrium time increased with increasing concentration and pH. Also, when the amounts of metal ions adsorbed are compared to each other, it was seen that this increase was order of Cr(III) > Ni(II) > Zn(II) > Co(II). This increase was order of Cr(III) > Ni(II) > Co(II) > Zn(II) for commercial phenol–formaldehyde resin. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process obeyed the intraparticle diffusion model. It was also determined that adsorption isotherm followed Langmuir and Freundlich models. Adsorption isotherm obtained for commercial phenol–formaldehyde resin was consistent with Freundlich model well. Adsorption capacities from Langmuir isotherm for commercial phenol–formaldehyde resin were higher than those of phenolated wood resin, in the case of individual metal ions. Original adsorption isotherm demonstrated the monolayer coverage of the surface of phenolated wood resin. Adsorption kinetic followed the intraparticle diffusion model. The positive values of ΔG° determined using the equilibrium constants showed that the adsorption was not of spontaneous nature. It was seen that values of distribution coefficient (K_D) decreasing with metal ion concentration in solution at equilibrium (C_e) indicated that the occupation of active surface sites of adsorbent increased with metal ions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2838–2846, 2006     

Kinetic and isothermal studies of lead ion adsorption onto bentonite

The use of bentonite for the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions for different contact times, pH of suspension, and initial concentration of Pb and particle sizes of absorbent was investigated. Batch adsorption kinetic experiments revealed that the adsorption of Pb(II) onto bentonite involved fast and slow processes. The adsorption mechanisms in the lead/bentonite system followed pseudo-second-order kinetics with a significant contribution of film diffusion. The adsorption isotherms were described by means of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and the Langmuir model represented the adsorption process better than the Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacity of Pb(II) onto natural bentonite was 78.82 mg g^− 1.     

Removal of Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions by starch-graft-acrylic acid/montmorillonite superabsorbent nanocomposite hydrogels

In this study, the removal of copper(II) and lead(II) ions from aqueous solutions by Starch-graft-acrylic acid/montmorillonite (S-g-AA/MMT) nanocomposite hydrogels was investigated. For this purpose, various factors affecting the removal of heavy metal ions, such as treatment time with the solution, initial pH of the solution, initial metal ion concentration, and MMT content were investigated. The metal ion removal capacities of copolymers increased with increasing pH, and pH 4 was found to be the optimal pH value for maximum metal removal capacity. Adsorption data of the nanocomposite hydrogels were modeled by the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation in order to investigate heavy metal ions adsorption mechanism. The observed affinity order in competitive removal of heavy metals was found Cu²⁺ > Pb²⁺. The Freundlich equations were used to fit the equilibrium isotherms. The Freundlich adsorption law was applicable to be adsorption of metal ions onto nanocomposite hydrogel.     

Fast Removal of Sr(II) From Water by Graphene Oxide and Chitosan Modified Graphene Oxide

Graphene oxide is a unique material that can be used for adsorption of radioactive waste because it contains various function groups such as epoxide, carbonyl, carboxyl and hydroxyl in addition to its high specific surface area. The as-prepared GO and the modified one (GO-chitosan composite) have been prepared then characterized and used as adsorbent for radioactive metal ions [Strontium, Sr(II)]. The results showed that the prepared materials are efficient adsorbents for removal of Sr(II) from water. The effect of contact time, pH and temperature on adsorption have been studied. The results indicated that the maximum adsorption capacity was about 140 and 179.6 mg/g for GO and GO-chitosan composite respectively. It was found that pH?~?6 and temperature?~?40 °C are the best condition for removal of Sr(II) from water. Two isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) and three kinetic models (Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle particle diffusion model) have been applied. Based on the calculated isotherm parameters (R²), it can be concluded that Langmuir model fits the adsorption equilibrium data better than Freundlich model, the results also indicated that the second order kinetic model is the best representative for adsorption of Sr(II) on GO, Chitosan and GO-Chitosan. Based on the regressions of intraparticle diffusion model, experimental data showed that the adsorption process involved intraparticle diffusion, which was not the only rate-controlling step.