成品油消费税征收环节的利弊分析及改革建议

重点关注了成品油消费税征收环节的问题,对当前讨论较多的生产环节、原油环节、销售环节征收消费税的利弊进行了全面分析,并在借鉴欧美等发达国家经验的基础上,提出了较为理想的多环节征税方案供决策者参考.最后,提出了改变成品油消费税征税环节的"三步走"策略.     

某百万机组存查煤样发热量超差的原因分析及探讨

简述某百万机组全自动制样机存查煤样发热量超差的概况,从制样环节、化验两个环节,从人员、设备、材料与样品、方法、设施与环境等方面分析存查煤样发热量超差的原因。     

拓展空间提高毕业环节教学质量

本根据毕业环节中普遍存在的仪器设备陈旧、空间狭窄、师资不足等问题，提出了解决问题的几项措施，探讨了新形式下如何改革传统教学模式，以提高办学效率和教学效果，重点讨论毕业环节教学改革及实践研究。改革实践表明，这些措施的运用明显提高了毕业环节教学质量。     

在用压力容器的修理与改造

叙述了在压力容器修理改造过程中，严格遵守压力容器有关法规的重要性，介绍了影响压力容器修改造质量的因素以及克服不利因素的方法。     

理论与实践结合传统与创新并举全力推进课程体系改革

在保留专业特色的基础上,对化学化工原有课程体系进行了较大幅度的调整,加强了专业基础课程的教学和实践性环节的教学,增加了设计性实验和综合性实验的内容,以培养学生的科研能力、创新能力和工程实践能力,拓宽知识面,提高综合素质。     

略谈加强分析化学实验课的教学环节

把分析化学实验课的教学过程归纳成:备课、预做实验、指导预习、课前提问、讲解、操作、观察和记录数据及总结等环节,有利于分析化学实验课的教学研究.     

对油田物资供应关键环节精细化管理的探讨

计划管理、成本控制、质量、价格、仓储、配送、废旧物资管理均为供应过程中的关键环节,对关键环节加以精细化管理,总体协调运行,能够有效促进整个供应链的管理提升一个层次。     

浅议中职语文教学中的课堂导入环节

导入环节是中职语文课堂教学的第一个环节,也是极其重要的一个环节,导入环节的好坏在很大程度上决定着这堂语文课的成败。因此,作为中职语文教师应结合语文课的实际情况,采取富有实效的方法,精心设计导入环节,提高语文课堂教学的效率。     

天然气输送环节的节能降耗综述

随着天然气使用的增加,天然气厂和设备也在迅速发展,天然气的运输和覆盖得到了有效改善。经济是直接影响天然气消费的主要因素。自2004年以来,中国的天然气市场随着西气东输等管道网络的建成而加速,并实现了两位数的同比增长,天然气主要是通过管道运输,我国地域辽阔,在管道分布的范围上非常广泛,在输送过程中也会产生耗费,因此有必要控制天然气输送过程的耗费,做到节能降耗,更好节省能源。     

设计色彩课程的教学设计

设计色彩是衔接绘画和艺术设计的一座桥梁。它是研究和探讨新的绘画写生方式，以建立绘画写生与艺术设计之间的关系，在观察方法、思维方式以及表现形式上均构成了独自的指向。本文对设计色彩课程的内容设计和教学环节以及教学手段等方面进行论述和探讨，以求达到最佳的教学效果。     

2004～2005年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2004年7月-2005年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2004年～2005年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界几大区域塑料的产量、增长率及所占份额；美国、德国、日本、韩国、法国、比利时、印度、西班牙、中国台湾、加拿大、巴西、英国等国家和地区的不同树脂的产量及消费量；各国、各地区塑料原料的产量、进出口量、国内消费量和人均消费量；日本塑料原料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮、聚砜）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Recent Advances in Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol

The article underlines and discusses the state-of-the-art accomplishments in the catalytic conversion of glycerol (1,2,3-propanetriol) to fuels and value-added chemicals in the past five years (2008–2012). The reactions include steam reforming, aqueous-phase reforming, hydrogenolysis, oxidation, dehydration, esterification, etherification, carboxylation, acetalization, and chlorination. Typical products are hydrogen, propanediols, dihydroxyacetone, glyceric acid, acrolein, glyceride, polyglycerol, glycerol carbonate, acetals, ketals, and epichlorohydrine. Recent studies on the catalysts, reaction conditions, and possible pathways are primarily discussed. They indicate that major breakthroughs are achieved by the use of multifunctional catalysts, process intensification and integrated reactions. Literature survey suggests that future work on the catalytic conversion of glycerol for commercial goals particularly requires new catalysts, innovative reactor engineering, and close multidisciplinary partnership.     

树脂基复合材料成型工艺研究进展

主要综述了树脂基复合材料的几种成型工艺,包括RTM、VARTM、CRTM、LRTM、RFI、VARI、SCRIMP、SRIM、TERM,各自的发展现状、成型原理、特点等.     

Potential of Polyvinylidene Fluoride/Carbon Nanotube Composite in Energy,Electronics, and Membrane Technology: An Overview

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a semicrystalline thermoplastic and electroactive polymer with piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties, thermal stability, elasticity, and chemical resistance. PVDF exits in five different phases (α, β, δ, γ, and ε-phase). Unique properties of this polymer enhances its use in chemical, biomedical, and electronic industries such as supercapacitors, transducers, actuators, and batteries. Carbon nanotube (CNT) is used as reinforcement to exploit full potential of PVDF in energy, electronics, and membrane technology. The nanofiller affects morphology, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, electrical, dielectric, thermal, and mechanical properties of PVDF-based nanocomposite. CNT content and chemical modification influence properties as well as application of PVDF.     

A review of ZrO2 nanoparticles applications and recent advancements

The many branches of nanoscience have made significant strides and advancements during the past ten years, as has the entire scientific community. Zirconia nanoparticles have several uses as adsorbents, nanosensors, nanocatalysts, and other types of nanomaterials. Their outstanding biomedical uses in dental care and drug delivery, as well as their intriguing biological characteristics, such as their anti-cancer, anti-microbial, and antioxidant activity, have further encouraged researchers to investigate their physicochemical properties using various synthetic pathways. Due to the popularity of zirconia-based nanomaterials, the current research comprehensively examines several synthesis techniques and their effects on the composition, dimensions, forms, and morphologies of these nanomaterials. In general, there are two methods for creating zirconia nanoparticles: chemical synthesis, which uses hydrothermal, solvothermal, sol-gel, microwave, solution combustion, and co-precipitation processes; and a greener method, which uses bacteria, fungi, and plant components. The aforementioned techniques have been evaluated in the present review for achieving particular phases and shapes. A thorough analysis of zirconia-based nanomaterial's uses is also included in the review. Furthermore, comparisons with their equivalent composites for various applications as well as the influence of particular phases and morphologies have been added. The final portion includes the summary, future outlook, and potential application.     

Graphene-Based Sensors for the Detection of Bioactive Compounds: A Review

Over the last years, different nanomaterials have been investigated to design highly selective and sensitive sensors, reaching nano/picomolar concentrations of biomolecules, which is crucial for medical sciences and the healthcare industry in order to assess physiological and metabolic parameters. The discovery of graphene (G) has unexpectedly impulsed research on developing cost-effective electrode materials owed to its unique physical and chemical properties, including high specific surface area, elevated carrier mobility, exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity, strong stiffness and strength combined with flexibility and optical transparency. G and its derivatives, including graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), are becoming an important class of nanomaterials in the area of optical and electrochemical sensors. The presence of oxygenated functional groups makes GO nanosheets amphiphilic, facilitating chemical functionalization. G-based nanomaterials can be easily combined with different types of inorganic nanoparticles, including metals and metal oxides, quantum dots, organic polymers, and biomolecules, to yield a wide range of nanocomposites with enhanced sensitivity for sensor applications. This review provides an overview of recent research on G-based nanocomposites for the detection of bioactive compounds, providing insights on the unique advantages offered by G and its derivatives. Their synthesis process, functionalization routes, and main properties are summarized, and the main challenges are also discussed. The antioxidants selected for this review are melatonin, gallic acid, tannic acid, resveratrol, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and curcumin. They were chosen owed to their beneficial properties for human health, including antibiotic, antiviral, cardiovascular protector, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, neuroprotective, antiageing, antidegenerative, and antiallergic capacity. The sensitivity and selectivity of G-based electrochemical and fluorescent sensors are also examined. Finally, the future outlook for the development of G-based sensors for this type of biocompounds is outlined.     

Electrospinning jets and polymer nanofibers

In electrospinning, polymer nanofibers are formed by the creation and elongation of an electrified fluid jet. The path of the jet is from a fluid surface that is often, but not necessarily constrained by an orifice, through a straight segment of a tapering cone, then through a series of successively smaller electrically driven bending coils, with each bending coil having turns of increasing radius, and finally solidifying into a continuous thin fiber. Control of the process produces fibers with nanometer scale diameters, along with various cross-sectional shapes, beads, branches and buckling coils or zigzags. Additions to the fluid being spun, such as chemical reagents, other polymers, dispersed particles, proteins, and viable cells, resulted in the inclusion of the added material along the nanofibers. Post-treatments of nanofibers, by conglutination, by vapor coating, by chemical treatment of the surfaces, and by thermal processing, broaden the usefulness of nanofibers.     

Maternal Reproductive Toxicity of Some Essential Oils and Their Constituents

Even though several plants can improve the female reproductive function, the use of herbs, herbal preparations, or essential oils during pregnancy is questionable. This review is focused on the effects of some essential oils and their constituents on the female reproductive system during pregnancy and on the development of the fetus. The major concerns include causing abortion, reproductive hormone modulation, maternal toxicity, teratogenicity, and embryo-fetotoxicity. This work summarizes the important studies on the reproductive effects of essential oil constituents anethole, apiole, citral, camphor, thymoquinone, trans-sabinyl acetate, methyl salicylate, thujone, pulegone, β-elemene, β-eudesmol, and costus lactone, among others.     

A review of liquid silicone rubber injection molding: Process variables and process modeling

Liquid silicone rubber (LSR) is an elastomer molded into critical performance components for applications in medical, power, consumer, automotive, and aerospace applications. This article reviews process behavior, material modeling, and simulation of the (LSR) injection molding process. Each phase of the LSR injection molding process is discussed, including resin handling, plastication, injection, pack and hold, and curing; and factors affecting the molding process are reviewed. Processing behavior of LSR is marked by transient interactions between curing, shear rate, temperature, pressure, and tooling. Therefore, current LSR models for curing, viscosity, pressure, and temperature are discussed. Process dynamics and material modeling are combined in LSR injection molding simulations with applications in mold design, troubleshooting process-induced defects, and management of shear stress and non-uniform temperatures between LSR and substrates during overmolding. Finally, case studies using commercial simulation software are presented, which have shown cavity pressure and flow front advancement within 3% of experimental values. Optimization of LSR materials, data collection, model fitting, venting, and bonding remain areas of continued interest.