表面改性高模高强碳纤维与环氧树脂界面相容性研究

采用阳极氧化法对高模高强碳纤维表面改性,改性后上浆处理。经润湿性能测试,改性后碳纤维的接触角由改性前的66.3°降至27.8°,表面活性增加,润湿性能改善。采用扫描电镜和原子力显微镜对其表面结构进行表征,发现改性后碳纤维表面粗糙度增加,分散性较好。对其环氧树脂复合材料进行力学性能测试,结果表明复合材料界面剪切强度和层间剪切强度分别增至42.3 MPa和43.6 MPa,且增加程度与纤维表面粗糙度成正比。     

氨气处理碳纤维 第II报 碳纤维表面和复合材料的性能

常压下,使碳纤维通过以氨气为气体介质的600℃热反应炉,反应停留时间为30s。采用三点短梁法和界面评价装置研究处理前后复合材料的层间剪切强度(ILSS)和界面剪切强度(IFSS),经氨气处理后二者分别提高了13.2%和32.1%。接触角测试结果表明:处理后碳纤维与水和环氧树脂的浸润性得到很大改善。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究处理前后碳纤维表面和复合材料断裂面形貌的变化,发现氨气处理对碳纤维表面形貌没有影响。力学性能测试数据表明,氨气处理不影响碳纤维的强度。     

等离子体改性技术在碳纤维/PEK-C复合材料中的应用研究

利用低温氧等离子体处理技术对碳纤维进行表面改性,采用X射线光电子能谱、原子力显微镜等手段对碳纤维的表面性质进行表征,考察了等离子体功率和处理时间对碳纤维/PEK-C树脂基复合材料的界面黏结性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,等离子体处理能够增加碳纤维表面的活性含氧基团含量和粗糙度,复合材料的界面黏结性能得到明显改善。在应力作用下,复合材料的破坏模式由未处理的界面脱黏破坏转变为等离子体处理后树脂基体的破坏。碳纤维在200 W的等离子体功率下处理12.5 min时,复合材料的层间剪切强度(ILSS)和弯曲强度分别达到最大值94.12MPa和1316.76 MPa。     

碳纤维/TDE85环氧树脂复合材料界面性能的研究

高性能碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料因其轻质、高强、高模量等优势,已在航空航天等领域广泛应用,增强体与树脂基体之间的界面结合状况对其性能有很大影响,因此对界面进行研究具有非常重要的意义。本文分别研究了T800、CCF300、T300三种碳纤维增强TDE85环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能。运用XPS对碳纤维和单纤维复合材料试样的表面化学成分进行了表征,XPS结果表明,与树脂复合后,碳纤维表面官能团的含量、结构及化学环境都发生了明显的变化,界面产生了较强的物理和化学作用。利用DCT21测量仪测试碳纤维与环氧树脂TDE85的接触角,分析了纤维与树脂的润湿性,实验结果显示纤维与树脂的润湿性良好。在此基础上,通过微滴脱粘方法测量纤维与树脂的界面剪切强度,以表征其界面粘结性能。微滴脱粘的实验结果显示,T800/TDE85体系的IFSS值高达79.7MPa,比T300/TDE85、CCF30/TDE850体系分别高21%、24%。     

碳纤维的改性及其界面性能

采用化学接枝的方法对篮球鞋用碳纤维进行了表面改性处理,将柠檬酸接枝到碳纤维表面制备了碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料,对比分析了改性前后碳纤维的表面形貌、界面剪切强度和层间剪切强度,并对断口形貌进行了观察。结果表明:经过柠檬酸改性后的碳纤维表面粗糙度明显增加,与树脂基体的结合力最强;碳纤维、氧化后的碳纤维、对苯二胺接枝的碳纤维、聚柠檬酸接枝的碳纤维和二次接枝对苯二胺的碳纤维的界面剪切强度分别为46.8,53.4,68.2,62.4,82.2 MPa,改性碳纤维的界面剪切强度都高于原始碳纤维,二次接枝对苯二胺的碳纤维的界面剪切强度最大;经过表面改性处理的碳纤维的层间剪切强度都有不同程度提高,且二次接枝对苯二胺的碳纤维的层间剪切强度最大。     

碳纤维树脂基复合材料的制备及在景观设计中的应用

采用Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯，并通过上浆剂对碳纤维进行了表面修饰，制备不同处理方式的碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料。结果表明：经过上浆处理后试样的后加工性能得到一定程度改善，而氧化石墨烯会在一定程度上增加碳纤维试样的粗糙度和硬挺度。经过不同处理后的碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的层间剪切强度相对除浆碳纤维d-CF增强环氧树脂复合材料要大，且小尺寸氧化石墨烯上浆处理的碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的层间剪切强度最大（47.50 MPa），其耐磨性为2 049次、毛丝量为4.9 mg、硬挺度为66 mm，适宜于在景观设计中应用。     

含碳纳米管上浆剂上浆改性碳纤维及其界面研究

碳纤维(CF)是一种高强度、高模量的高性能纤维,被广泛应用于复合材料中,但是纤维表面的活性官能团含量低,与基体之间的界面结合性能较差。本文利用含氨基化碳纳米管(NH_2-CNTs)上浆剂对光威GQ4922/12K型碳纤维表面进行改性,改善碳纤维与环氧树脂之间的界面结合性能。通过傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱、接触角和微脱粘对改性后的纤维表面组成、表面形貌、表面自由能和界面剪切强度进行分析,发现NH_2-CNTs可成功接枝到碳纤维表面,改性后纤维表面的氧(氮)元素含量增加,与水接触角从67.1°降低到50.5°,表面自由能从32.2 mN/m增加到了41.1 mN/m;界面剪切强度在氨基化碳纳米管质量浓度为0.6%时达到最大,相比未改性纤维从62.3 MPa提高到76.8 MPa,提高了23.3%。结果表明通过在上浆剂中引入氨基化碳纳米管,可以增加碳纤维表面活性,提高碳纤维与基体树脂的界面结合性能。     

碳纤维表面处理对碳纤维/聚丙烯复合材料界面结合性能的影响

研究了电化学氧化、环氧上浆处理对碳纤维/聚丙烯(CF/PP)复合材料界面结合性能的影响,首先通过AFM、XPS等测试不同碳纤维的表面形貌和化学性质,然后借助微球脱粘实验考察对比不同CF/PP的界面剪切强度(IFSS)。结果显示高温碳化后的碳纤维表面呈惰性,复合材料IFSS仅有3.76 MPa;经过电化学氧化处理,表面粗糙度增大,羟基和羧基基团增多,IFSS增加到4.85 MPa;上浆处理后,表面引入活性的环氧基团,IFSS进一步增加到5.51 MPa,同时界面均匀性也有所改善。根据结果分析,碳纤维表面性质改变引起的界面区域机械锁合、范德华力以及分子链缠结作用增加是界面性能提升的主要原因。但与相容剂相比,传统碳纤维表面处理对CF/PP界面改善效果相对较弱,开发更加有效的改性方法十分必要。     

超临界CO2对碳纤维环氧树脂的界面性能的改善

为提高碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的界面结合性能,采用超临界CO2对碳纤维表面进行处理.结果表明:在处理后碳纤维的单丝拉伸强度下降2.81％,碳纤维/环氧树脂界面剪切强度和层间剪切强度在处理后分别提高25.19％和17.11％.通过对碳纤维原子力显微镜(AFM)观察,经过处理的碳纤维表面粗糙度增加明显,同时对复合材料层间剪切断口端面用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察,经过超临界CO2处理后的碳纤维与环氧树脂的复合性能得到改善.     

γ-射线辐照对碳纤维及其复合材料力学性能的影响

以60Coγ-射线为辐照源对碳纤维(CF)表面进行处理,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察经辐照处理后的碳纤维单丝表面及其与环氧树脂制备的复合材料试样的层间剪切断口;通过层间剪切强度比较了吸收剂量对其复合材料层间剪切强度(ILSS)的影响,并根据GB/T3362—1982标准比较了辐照前后碳纤维复丝拉伸强度的变化。结果表明:辐照处理后的碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的界面明显得到改善,在一定的吸收剂量范围内能够有效地提高复合材料的ILSS,但是过大的辐照剂量和接枝率不利于复合材料的界面改性;当辐照剂量小于250kGy时,碳纤维的复丝拉伸强度有所提高。     

Temperature effect on graphene‐filled interface between glass–carbon hybrid fibers and epoxy resin characterized by fiber‐bundle pull‐out test

The overall mechanical performance of glass–carbon hybrid fibers reinforced epoxy composites depends heavily upon fiber–matrix interfacial properties and the service temperatures. Fiber‐bundle pull‐out tests of glass (GF) and/or carbon fiber (CF) reinforced epoxy composites were carried out at room and elevated temperatures. Graphene nanoplatelets were added in the interfacial region to investigate their influence on the interfacial shear strength (IFSS). Results show that IFSS of specimens with fiber‐bundle number ratio of GF:CF = 1:2 is the largest among the hybrid composites, and a positive hybridization effect is found at elevated temperatures. IFSS of all the specimens decreases with the increasing of test temperatures, while the toughness shows a contrary tendency. As verified by scanning electron microscopy observations, graphene nanoplatelets on fiber surface could enhance the IFSS of pure glass/carbon and hybrid fibers reinforced epoxy composites at higher temperatures significantly. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46263.     

连续碳纤维增强热固性酚醛树脂复合材料的3D打印工艺及性能研究

针对连续碳纤维增强热固性酚醛树脂复合材料3D打印成型工艺的技术难题,本文提出了浸渍-原位预固化-后固化的3D打印成型方案,实现了连续碳纤维增强热固性酚醛树脂复合材料的3D打印成型,并研究浸渍温度对酚醛树脂接触角与表面张力,以及打印工艺对样件形貌和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:当浸渍温度为40 ℃,预固化温度为180 ℃时,纤维-树脂界面结合效果最佳,原料具备成型条件;当打印间距为0.5 mm时,样件的弯曲强度及模量达到最大值,分别为660.00 MPa和57.99 GPa,层间剪切强度达到20.14 MPa。此连续碳纤维增强热固性酚醛树脂复合材料一体化制备工艺解决了3D打印热固性树脂原位成型难的问题,为制备具有复杂结构的连续纤维增强热固性树脂复合材料提供了参考。     

Properties of carbon fiber sized with poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) resin

We studied thermoplastic poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) (PPEK) resin as a sizing agent on carbon fiber, with emphasis on its thermal stability, surface energy, wetting performance, and interfacial shear strength (IFSS). X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization was carried out to study the chemical structure of sized/unsized carbon fibers. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize surface topography. TGA was used to analyze the thermal stability. Meanwhile, contact angle measurement was applied to analyze the compatibility between the carbon fibers and PPEK and the surface energy of carbon fibers. IFSS of carbon fiber/PPEK composite was examined by microbond testing. It is found that carbon fibers uniformly coated with PPEK resin had better thermal stability and compatibility with PPEK resin than the uncoated fiber. The contact angle is 57.01° for sized fibers, corresponding to a surface energy of 49.96 mJ m^?2, much smaller than that for unsized ones with contact angle value of 97.05°. The value of IFSS for sized fibers is 51.49 MPa, which is higher than the unsized fibers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

界面结合对GF/PDCPD复合材料性能的影响

界面结合性能对制备性能优异的复合材料具有重要意义。通过对双环戊二烯（DCPD）与玻璃纤维（GF）的浸润性进行研究，将其与等效环氧树脂比较，开发了一种与玻璃纤维具有较好结合性的DCPD树脂，用其制备出一种综合性能优异的玻璃纤维增强PDCPD基复合材料。通过动态接触角、90?拉伸强度和层间剪切强度实验，测定了不同树脂与玻璃纤维之间的粘附力，提供了玻璃纤维与不同树脂界面性能差异。结果表明，SCB-600 DCPD树脂与玻璃纤维的结合性较优，动态接触角为60.35??0.3?，90?拉伸强度为(42.3?1.6) MPa，层间剪切强度为(61.3?3.2) MPa，与1564环氧树脂相当。进一步优化了DCPD树脂质量分数，当树脂质量分数为30%?2%时，SCB-600 DCPD复合材料具有相对最优的力学性能，材料拉伸强度为(1180.1?4.1) MPa，弯曲强度为(1060.4?4.6) MPa，缺口冲击强度为(145.3?4.8) KJ/m2。其弯曲和拉伸强度与玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的性能基本相当，但缺口冲击强度优于1564环氧树脂。     

Micro‐Driving behavior of carbon‐fiber‐reinforced epoxy resin for standing‐wave ultrasonic motor

The application of the friction drive of carbon‐fiber‐reinforced composites to a standing‐wave ultrasonic motor was investigated. Friction drive tests were conducted on carbon‐fiber‐reinforced epoxy resins (CF/epoxy) by home‐made test rig, which was based on plate‐rod vibrator. The effects of fiber orientation and ply thickness on dynamic drive and dynamic normal forces were investigated. Fiber orientation angle and ply thickness affected friction drive. Different dynamic drive forces, which varied both in amplitude and period, were observed for CF/epoxy composites with different winding angles. A CF/epoxy composite with a winding angle of 30° showed the largest dynamic drive force (∼0.45 N) and the shortest contact period (∼26 μs). The period of dynamic normal force was uniform (∼65 μs) for various CF/epoxy composites. Wear traces of different composites exhibited different wear modes, such as scuffing, peeling, and shearing. The anisotropic property of CF/epoxy material affected the drive process of standing‐wave ultrasonic motor. The current study taking the carbon‐fiber‐reinforced epoxy resin as an example of anisotropic materials arise more enough attention on inexpensive, biodegradable, and renewable alternatives for the efficient and durative drive of a standing‐wave ultrasonic motor. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:2152–2159, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

氧气低温等离子体对PBO纤维的表面改性

采用氧气低温等离子体对聚对苯撑苯并双噁唑(PBO)纤维进行表面改性,讨论了处理时间、处理功率及气压对PBO纤维单丝强度、与环氧树脂基体的界面剪切强度(π_(IFSS))、形态结构、表面元素组成和亲水性的影响。结果表明:在处理时间为2.5 min,处理功率为30 W,处理气压为50 Pa的最佳工艺条件下,经氧气等离子处理后的PBO纤维与环氧树脂的π_(IFSS)比原丝提高60%,达9.38 MPa,与水的接触角也从105°下降到72°。     

The interfacial strength and fracture characteristics of ethanol and polymer modified carbon nanotube fibers in their epoxy composites

Carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers spun from CNT arrays were used as the reinforcement for epoxy composites, and the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) and fracture behavior were investigated by a single fiber fragmentation test. The IFSS between the CNT fiber and matrix strongly depended on the types of liquid introduced within the fiber. The IFSS of ethanol infiltrated CNT fiber/epoxy varied from 8.32 to 26.64 MPa among different spinning conditions. When long-molecule chain or cross-linked polymers were introduced, besides the increased fiber strength, the adhesion between the polymer modified fiber and the epoxy matrix was also significantly improved. Above all, the IFSS can be up to 120.32 MPa for a polyimide modified CNT fiber, one order of magnitude higher than that of ethanol infiltrated CNT fiber composites, and higher than those of typical carbon fiber/epoxy composites (e.g. 60–90 MPa). Moreover, the composite IFSS is proportional to the tensile strength and modulus of the CNT fiber, and decreases with increasing fiber diameter. The results demonstrate that the interfacial strength of the CNT fiber/epoxy can be significantly tuned by controlling the fiber structure and introducing polymer to optimize the tube–tube interactions within the fiber.     

芳纶纤维增强树脂基复合材料的界面粘结性能研究

为了改善芳纶纤维增强树脂基复合材料的界面粘结性能,从树脂基体入手,依据相似相容原理和芳纶的结构特点,合成出新型热固性树脂(AFR–T)用作芳纶复合材料的基体,以未经表面处理的芳纶作增强材料,采用热压成型法制备了AFR–T/芳纶纤维复合材料,并通过测定溶度参数、接触角、线膨胀系数、层间剪切强度(ILSS)和横向拉伸强度等方法研究了复合材料的界面粘结性能。结果表明,AFR–T树脂浇注体与芳纶的溶度参数相近,AFR–T树脂溶液在芳纶纸表面的接触角为36.9°,小于环氧树脂(EP)溶液与芳纶纸的接触角(53.2°),说明AFR–T树脂对芳纶的浸润性优于EP;AFR–T/芳纶纤维复合材料的ILSS和横向拉伸强度为73.0 MPa和25.3 MPa,分别比EP/芳纶纤维复合材料提高了25.9%和32.5%,这表明AFR–T树脂与芳纶纤维之间的浸润性和界面粘结性能较好。     

Influence of plasma treatment on properties of ramie fiber and the reinforced composites

In this research, 9 series of ramie fibers were treated under low-temperature plasma with diverse output powers and treatment times. By analysis of the surface energy and adhesion power with epoxy resin, 3 groups as well as control group were chosen as reinforced fibers of composites. The influences of these parameters on the ramie fiber and its composites such as topography and mechanical properties were tested by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), tensile property and fragmentation test of single-fiber composites. Contact angle and surface free energy results indicated that with the increased treatment times and output powers, surface energy and adhesion work with epoxy resin improved. Compared with the untreated fibers, surface energy and adhesion work with epoxy resin grew 124.5 and 59.1% after 3 min-200 w treatment. SEM and AFM showed low temperature plasma treatment etched the surface of ramie fiber to enhance the coherence between fiber and resin, consequently fiber was not easy to pull-out. After 3 min-200 w treatment, tensile strength of ramie fiber was 253.8 MPa, it had about 30.5% more than that of untreated fiber reinforced composite. Interface shear stress was complicated which was affected by properties of fiber, resin and interface. Fragmentation test showed biggest interface shear stress achieved 17.2 MPa, which represented a 54.0% increase over untreated fiber reinforced composites.     

Effect of ultrasound on wettability between aramid fibers and epoxy resin

Good wetting of reinforced fiber by resin was a main factor in the improvement of the interface adhesion of their composites. Ultrasound with a frequency of 20 kHz was used to improve the wettability between aramid fibers and epoxy resin during the winding process of the composites. The effects of ultrasound on the viscosity and surface tension of epoxy resin and on the surface characteristics of aramid fibers were investigated. The wettability of aramid fibers and treated epoxy resin under different conditions and of aramid fibers and epoxy resin under ultrasonic online treatment were compared. The results indicated that the main action of ultrasound was to force epoxy resin to impregnate aramid fibers, in addition to the influence of ultrasound on the properties of epoxy resin and aramid fibers. The results of microdebond testing showed that the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of aramid/epoxy composites could be 26% higher than that of untreated composites because of the improved wettability between aramid fibers and epoxy resin subjected to ultrasonic online treatment. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006