太阳能级多晶硅制备技术与发展方向

介绍了太阳能级多晶硅的制备技术,分析了国内外太阳能级多晶硅的供需状况,指出今后太阳能级多晶硅生产技术的研究方向和太阳能级多晶硅产业亟需解决的问题.     

太阳能级多晶硅制备进展

多晶硅是制备单晶硅和太阳能电池的原材料,是全球电子工业和光伏产业的基石。综述了太阳能级多晶硅的制备方法（包括化学法和冶金法）以及中国多晶硅的生产现状。指出冶金法和化学法中的钠还原法,由于具有能耗低、无有毒气体排放的特点,将是今后中国具有发展前景的太阳能级多晶硅的生产工艺。     

制备太阳能级多晶硅的工艺研究进展

太阳能级多晶硅的制备工艺分为物理法和化学法两大类。物理法包括造渣提纯硅法、利用热交换定向凝固提纯、利用电磁感应等离子技术提纯、CP法等,其中CP法生产的太阳能级多晶硅的纯度接近于化学法。但要生产纯度大于6N的多晶硅,仍需要采用化学法。目前常用的化学法有三氯氢硅氢还原法、硅烷热分解法、四氯化硅氢还原法等。三氯氢硅氢还原法又称改良西门子法,是化学法制备太阳能级多晶硅的主流工艺,不足之处是耗能大、污染严重、运行成本较高。     

太阳能级多晶硅生产工艺的节能降耗综述

太阳能用多晶硅来自石英矿或者硅石矿,进行冶炼得到金属硅,然后将金属硅提纯到太阳能级多晶硅。文章以西门子改良法制备多晶硅基础,从生产技术和管理的角度,分析总结了该生产工艺节能降耗的必要性、途径和方法,探索集约型的多晶硅生产。     

太阳能级多晶硅生产技术研究现状及展望

论述了目前太阳能级多晶硅的主要生产技术研究现状,并对一些具有代表性的新工艺进行介绍.太阳能级多晶硅的生产方法主要包括改良西门子法、硅烷法、流化床法、冶金法及锌还原法.指出硅烷法和流化床法是未来多晶硅生产技术发展的趋势和方向,冶金法和锌还原法的工艺尚不够成熟,但具有潜力.     

国内外多晶硅行业情况

回顾了近几年国内外多晶硅生产现状及2010年前全球多晶硅生产商扩产计划和达产目标,并概括了目前多晶硅生产新工艺。提出全球在2008年以后太阳能级多晶硅产能与太阳能硅电池的需求逐渐趋于平衡;太阳能级多晶硅的主流生产工艺仍然是化学法,冶金精炼法将来能成为一种补充;至2010年中国的太阳能级多晶硅行业将在世界上占一席之地;但国内太阳能级多晶硅厂商,在2010年如仍不能掌握西门子法低成本工艺、副产品的综合利用及环保技术,将会陷入困境。     

冶金法提纯太阳能级多晶硅技术的研究进展

分析了国内外光伏产业的发展现状和趋势，介绍了冶金法提纯太阳能级多晶硅的技术和工艺，指出冶金法生产太阳能级多晶硅现状和冶金法太阳能级多晶硅产业亟需解决的问题。     

堵疏结合科学发展我国多晶硅产业

8月26日,国务院对多晶硅行业存在产能过剩问题进行了点名警告,引起了行业界的广泛讨论.随后发布的国发38号文件,明确提出要引导、支持多晶硅企业以多种方式实现多晶硅-电厂-化工联营,支持节能环保太阳能级多晶硅技术开发,要求新建多晶硅项目规模必须大于3000吨/年,太阳能级多晶硅还原电耗小于60千瓦时/千克,降低生产成本.     

太阳能级多晶硅生产工艺的比较研究

太阳能作为一种清洁的可再生能源为太阳能电池的发展开辟了广阔的市场,而太阳能电池的重要基础材料是多晶硅。因此,如何生产低成本、高品质的太阳能级多晶硅成为人们关注的核心问题。本文阐述了化学法、冶金法等包含的多种多晶硅生产工艺,并通过对各种工艺的分析比较,指出新硅烷法作为一种最具前景的太阳能级多晶硅生产工艺必将带来多晶硅行业的历史性变革。     

氢气压缩机对多晶硅质量影响及改进方法

近年来太阳能行业的快速发展带动太阳能级多晶硅行业高速增长,我国太阳能级多晶硅产业进入了一个发展平台期。价格大幅回落让多晶硅产业告别了暴利时代,因为多晶硅生产的高能耗、产能过剩、四氯化硅处理困难等原因,国家出台了一系列准入制度,抬高了多晶硅生产的准入门槛。多晶硅利润不断被压缩,多晶硅企业之间从产能之争慢慢转变为质量竞争。因此多晶硅产品的质量好坏直接决定了企业的命运,如何提高多晶硅质量成为业内关注的焦点。本文在氢气压缩机对多晶硅质量影响方面进行探讨,并给出几点改进意见。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.