管内插入旋流片的流动和传热的数值模拟

为了获得较好的传热性能,提出一种在缩放管内间隔插入旋流片的复合强化传热方法。采用水为流动介质,在湍流状态下,通过数值模拟,详细研究了缩放管内插入旋流片的速度场与热流场的分布特性及其相互间的协同。对缩放管插入不同结构旋流片的热阻性能与缩放管和光滑管进行了比较,模拟结果表明,在相同条件下,传热系数和阻力系数最大分别提高25%,120%,120%,370%。缩放管与旋流片的复合使用能有效地改善速度场和温度场的协同程度,是提高换热性能的一个有效手段。     

异形管内水力、传热性能的数值模拟

通过数值计算考察了横纹管、缩放管两种异形管内的流动与传热性能。计算时采用标准k-ε湍流模型：采用控制容积法对控制方程进行离散化；采用SIMPLE算法进行压力修正：代数方程采用超松弛法迭代求解。很出了在充分发展流时的传热努塞尔数、速度、瘴撩系数及湍动能分布，并与光滑管内的流动传热进行了比较，分析了异形管在强化传热方面的机理。计算结果和实验值比较吻合。     

缩放管轴向弹性等效刚度的模拟分析

采用有限元法对缩放管和光滑圆管的轴向弹性刚度进行数值计算,发现轧制后缩放管的弹性刚度被削弱至光滑圆管弹性刚度的0.65～0.80,降低程度取决于缩放管的结构参数。还基于光滑圆管定义了缩放管弹性刚度等效系数,拟合出缩放管弹性刚度等效系数计算关联式,并通过拉伸实验进行了验证。缩放管弹性刚度等效系数计算关联式的提出有助于缩放管换热器的精准强度设计。     

流体在粗糙管管内及管隙间湍流流动阻力与传热的数据关联

本文分析了流体在规整型粗糙强化管束的管内和管隙间的流动和传热特性,讨论了湍流流体在规整型粗糙壁面上和在光滑壁面上动量与热量传递的差别,推导出光滑管和粗糙管管内及管隙间湍流流动的流体摩擦阻力系数和传热准数方程的关联式,并能较好地关联螺旋槽管、螺旋低翅片管和缩放管管内与管隙间的流体阻力和传热的实验数据.     

圆管内稳态湍流的速度分布

本文提出一种新的简捷关系式,用于计算圆管内稳态湍流的时均速度分布。将圆管内湍流核心区域的流动看作粘性层流与无粘性理想流动之间的一种过渡形态,因而湍流的速度分布是部分理想流体平推流与层流叠加的结果。其中,粘性层流的权重与雷诺数大小有关。大量计算结果表明,在雷诺数5,000￣1,000,000范围内,新关系式所计算速度分布与对数型通用速度分布基本一致,同时新的速度分布式在圆管中心处无数学奇点。     

强化传热技术在硫酸工业中的应用研究

随着强化传热拽术的不断发展,近年来国内外已研制出多种类型的异形强化管,例如螺旋槽管、横纹管、缩放管、双面整体型低翅片管等。有的强化管具有管内外两侧同时强化流体对流传热的作用,例如缩放管等,特别适合于硫酸生产中的二氧化硫气—气换热。在湍流条件下,流体对流传热热阻集中于近壁处流动滞流底层中,当各种强化管选取最佳的表面粗糙度尺寸,就能获得良好的强化传热效果,即以较低的流体输送功耗为代价,获取较高的对流给热系数,以此提高换热器的传热性能。     

强化换热凹槽管内流动与传热数值模拟

以水为工作介质,应用三维常物性不可压缩流体稳态湍流模型,对凹槽管内的流动、阻力与传热性能进行了模拟研究,并与光滑管进行对比。结果表明,凹槽管主要通过扰动、漩涡使层流底层的局部温度梯度变大,从而使换热性能比光滑管强。凹槽结构能显著增强流体的扰动和相互掺混,并产生径向漩涡,减小边界层厚度,加剧流体湍流,促使边界层表面快速更新,从而强化传热,但同时也使其流动阻力增加。最后应用场协同理论,从局部换热角度分析了凹槽管强化换热的机制。强化换热另一重要途径是使换热器内速度场与温度梯度场之间夹角变小,改善速度场与温度场协同程度。     

圆管内稳态湍流的速度分布

本文提出一种新的简捷关系式，用于计算圆管内稳态湍流的时均速度分布。将圆管内湍流核心区域的流动看作粘性层流与无粘性理想流动之间的一种过渡形态，因而湍流的速度分布是部分理想流体平推流与层流叠加的结果。其中，粘性层流的权重与雷诺数大小有关。大量计算结果表明，在雷诺数5，000-1，000，000范围内，新关系式所计算速度分布与对数型通用速度分布基本一致，同时新的速度分布式在圆管中心处无数学奇点。     

管形对水平管降膜圆周膜厚和Nusselt数的影响

针对海水淡化系统的水平管降膜蒸发,建立了二维数值模型,分析了光滑圆管和6种不同截面形状的蛋形管外降膜流动及传热特性。采用VOF方法考察了不同管型对管外液膜分布和传热特性的影响。数值结果表明:蛋形管外液体沿周向流动较圆管稍快,且可获得更均匀更薄的液膜;液膜厚度随半轴比ε增大而减小,随周向先逐渐减小后迅速增加,圆管和蛋形管的液膜最小值分别出现在周向相对坐标0.69和0.70~0.84附近。蛋形管的膜内量纲1温度较圆管的小,其热边界层厚度较薄,具有更好的传热性能。拟合数据得到,ε为2.4的蛋形管具有最好的传热性能,其Nusselt数可达0.32,较圆管的高出12.68%。最后,将数值模拟结果与文献中的数据进行了对比,验证了数值模型的可行性和合理性。     

气流横向冲刷管束湍流换热的场协同分析

推导出了气流横向冲刷管束湍流换热时的传热Nu数与场参数的关系表达式,用数值模拟的方法对湍流时场协同原理进行了分析与验证。结果表明,换热随管排方式和管间距的改变而有所不同,是因为速度场与热流场的协同作用的不同,速度场与热流场的协同性好,则传热性能好。场协同原理同样适合于气流横向冲刷管束湍流流动与换热。对湍流换热时场协同作用特点进行了分析,指出湍流时速度场与热流场的协同作用对换热的影响主要表现在粘性底层以外的壁面附近。     

缩放管内带衰减性自旋流的局部性能

The distributions of thermal resistance in viscous sublayer,buffer region and turbulent core region,local flow resistance and local heat transfer characteristics at different locations downstream of the twisted-tape element were numerically studied in a converging-diverging tube inserted with spaced twisted-tape element by analyzing the attenuation of self-sustaining swirl flow.The results showed that the local performance was poor as thermal resistance was too concentrated in its distribution for a particular region.The more uniform the distribution of thermal resistance,the better the local performance.The local performance reached its best when the fluid just left the spaced twisted-tape,in which the flow resistance dropped substantially but the enhancement of heat transfer was still significant.The self-sustaining flow was maintained at a long distance.The best performance was at the length of 36.85 times the diameter,increasing by 6.8% compared with a converging-diverging tube.     

急扩加速流缩放管气体换热器的结构及应用

根据传热场协同理论,研发出改进型缩放传热管——急扩加速流缩放管,对缩放管的凹凸肋面作了改进,使其能满足两场矢量夹角小于90°强化对流条件的传热管段比例由原先的60%提升到90%,从而有效地加强了近壁处传热滞流底层的对流传热作用。采用漩流片支撑取代空心环网板支撑,可使经过支撑物的流体形成自漩流的流动状态,从而可以发挥管间支撑物的对流强化传热作用。实际应用表明,与目前国内较先进的光滑管换热器相比,急扩加速流缩放管换热器换热面积减少约35%,设备总质量降低约45%。     

Calculation of a flow in prismatic tubes using the planar flow model

The turbulent flow of a Newton liquid in prismatic tubes was represented as a superposition of planar layers. The hydraulic resistance coefficient was calculated from the calculated rate profile in a planar layer. The only fitting parameter was the Reynolds number determined from the dynamic rate and the thickness of the viscous sublayer. The calculated data are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data on the flow in tubes with a round, trigonal, square, and rectangular transverse section.     

管内层流强化传热的数值模拟

通过数值模拟,研究了85%甘油在含旋流片缩放管管内的传热与流阻特性,并与光滑管、缩放管的传热与流阻特性进行了对比。研究结果表明,层流时含旋流片缩放管的综合因子大于缩放管,且缩放管内插入6个小角度旋流片具有更好的传热性能。在有旋流片段可以通过减薄边界层厚度与增加有效传热温差的双重途径提高传热速率,而在旋流片下游段则可以利用有效传热温差的缓变特性继续维持较大的传热速率,从而能避免过多的流体置换次数,极大幅度的降低流体的输送功耗。     

Velocity of isolated particles along a pipe in stratified gas–liquid flow

The average velocity of isolated grains of sand was experimentally measured in smooth stratified flow in slightly declined pipes. Isolated particles in smooth stratified flow behave similarly to isolated particles propelled by both hydraulic conveying and intermittent gas/liquid flow. In all three cases, particle velocity is linear with respect to the average liquid velocity of the flow (or the average fluid velocity in the slug body for intermittent flow) and has a gradient of approximately one. The data in stratified flow are successfully correlated dimensionlessly (Eq. 7). The correlation is extrapolated to zero particle velocity to estimate the conditions required to ensure sand transport in a flowline in smooth stratified flow. The experimental results suggest that particle velocity is strongly governed by the size of a particle relative to the depth of the viscous sublayer at the pipe wall. If a particle is larger than the viscous sublayer, it is exposed to more coherent turbulent structures and therefore experiences a greater drag.     

缩放管内插双扭带复合强化传热的数值模拟(英文)

The paper presents a 3D numerical simulation of turbulent heat transfer and flow characteristics in converging-diverging tubes(CDs) and converging-diverging tubes equipped with twin counter-swirling twisted tapes(CDTs).The effects of Reynolds number(Re 10000-20000),pitch length(P 11.25,22.5 mm),rib height(e 0.5,0.8,1.1 mm),pitch ratio(δ1:8,5:4,8︰1),gap distance between twin twisted tapes(b 0.5,4.5,8.5 mm) and tape number(n 2,3,4,5,6) on Nusselt number(Nu),friction factor(f) and thermal enhancement factor(η) are investigated under uniform heat flux conditions,using water as working fluid.In order to illustrate the heat transfer and fluid flow mechanisms,flow structures in CDs and CDTs are presented.The obtained results reveal that all geometric parameters have important effects on the thermal performance of CD and CDT,and both CD and CDT show better thermal performance than plain tube at the constant pumping power.It is also found that the increases in the Nusselt number and friction factor for CDT are,respectively,up to 6.3%-35.7% and 1.75-5.3 times of the corresponding bare CD.All CDTs have good thermal performance with η greater than 1 which indicates that the compound heat transfer technique of CDT is commendable for the maximum enhanced heat transfer rate.     

Some statistical properties of turbulent momentum transfer in rough pipes

A non-disturbing technique has been used to measure turbulence parameters in a smooth pipe and in two randomly roughened pipes at the same apparent wall shear. Near the wall, large eddies are significantly more intense in smooth than in rough pipes while the small eddies are more intense in rough than in smooth pipes. No viscous sublayer was visible in the rough pipes. In the core, large apparent differences in large scale eddy structure were found between rough and smooth tubes, but the differences probably result from the inappropiate inclusion of dissipation due to form drag in u*.     

结构参数对螺旋槽管传热与阻力性能影响的研究

利用计算流体动力学方法,研究了不同雷诺数下,几何尺寸对螺旋槽管传热及阻力性能的影响,结果表明,螺旋槽管在凸肋部前后产生了二次涡流,由螺旋形槽道形成的旋流都对边界层形成了扰动,传热性能得到了提高,同时也增加了阻力.在雷诺数相同时,槽越深,换热性能越好.同时流动阻力也有所增大;螺距、槽半径越大,换热效果降低,流动阻力也随之...     

换热器在大型化发展中的深度换热问题讨论

随着硫酸装置朝大型化方向发展,转化工序换热设备的大型化也成为一种必然趋势,由之带来换热器的换热深度受限问题。通过对换热管排冷热流体对流传热与流阻数值的数值模拟,探讨换热器长径比变化对换热深度的影响,在此基础上开发了壳程多通道换热器结构与旋流网板支撑急扩加速流缩放管管壳式换热器,并用于工业生产,实际运用效果良好。