冷却水处理中臭氧杀菌作用的研究

研究了在冷却水处理中，臭氧浓度、温度和ｐＨ值对臭氧杀菌作用的影响。结果表明，臭氧具有良好的杀菌作用，当水中剩余臭氧浓度为０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ时，就可满足冷却水的杀菌要求。在实验温度１５￣３５℃和ｐＨ值７￣９条件下，臭氧的杀菌作用仅与水中的剩余臭氧浓度有关，而与冷却水的温度和ｐＨ值无关。     

钡铁氧体微粉的溶胶—凝胶法制备及Mossbauer谱研究

本文研究了钡铁氧体微粉的溶胶－凝胶法制备过程及其产物的Ｍｏｓｓｂａｕｅｒ分析。实验表明，均匀六角片状钡铁氧体微粒的形成与反应条件密切相关。影响钡铁氧体的形成和特性的关键因素是Ｂａ离子的浓度和溶液的ｐＨ值。Ｘ－射线衍射证实，Ｂａ离子的浓度为０．０１￣０．５０ｍｏｌ／ｄｍ＾３、ｐＨ值在６．６￣７．２范围内、反应温度取８０￣９０℃时获得的产物均为均匀的六角片状钡铁氧体（ＢａＦｅ１２Ｏ１９），用Ｍｏｓｓｂ     

α—淀粉酶在淀粉粘合剂上的应用研究

研究了α－淀粉酶水解淀粉的活力与温度、ｐＨ值的关系以及α－淀粉酶对温度和化学药品（如ＥＤＴＡ、苯酚）的耐受程度。结果发现，用α－淀粉酶水解淀粉的最佳反应温度为９０℃，反应的最佳ｐＨ值为６．０￣６．２。反应完成后，用ＥＤＴＡ在１００℃以上结束反应最为有效，它可以将残余酶活力降至最低，从而抑制粘合剂在贮存过程中的粘度降低。     

半水煤气脱硫脱氧新方法

半水煤气脱硫脱氧新方法本发明是用可溶性亚铁盐的“醋酸－氨”的缓冲水溶液吸收半水煤气中的无机硫和氧气。该亚铁盐的形式是ＦｅＡ，该溶液脱硫脱氧的原理为：当溶液吸收氧气时，溶液的ｐＨ值增大，对氧气吸收不利；此时醋酸电离出Ｈ￣＋离子，它中和ＯＨ￣－离子，降低...     

间甲酚生产中中和澄清槽的液液平衡研究

本文对间甲酚生产中中和澄清槽的油水液液平衡进行了详细研究，确定了使油水分相效果最佳的工艺条件；温度为５０￣６０℃，Ｎａ２ＳＯ４浓度为１８￣２０％ｗｔ，ｐＨ值为６￣７，为实际的工业生产中油水分相状况的改善提供了可靠的依据。     

电解氯化镁生产氯酸镁

叙述了电解氯化镁生产氯酸镁的试验情况，提出了氯化镁的浓度、电解液ｐＨ值、阴极和阳极的电流密度，以及阴极旋转速度等对电流效率的影响关系。结论为：当氯化镁浓度为２Ｍ（ｐＨ值＝６．０）、阳极电流密度为１５Ａ／ｄｍ￣２、阴极电流密度为１４Ａ／ｄｍ￣２、阴极圆周速度为６０～８０ｍ／ｍｉｎ时，电流效率可达８０～９０％。     

金隆铜业有限公司废酸处理技术

采用分步硫化沉淀法处理铜、砷含量较高的废硫酸,先用石灰乳中和废硫酸制得石膏,然后用硫化钠分步沉淀铜,砷、控制一级硫化反应ｐＨ值２、氧化还原电位值２００￣２５０ｍＶ,反应温度５０￣６０℃,反应时间２ｈ,优先实现铜的沉淀;控制二级硫化反应ｐＨ值１．５￣２,氧化还原电位０￣５０ｍＶ,实现砷的沉降。铜滤饼返回熔炼系统,砷滤饼堆存。     

氟离子选择电极测定镀铬液中的氟硅酸

试验用氟离子选择电极测定复合镀铬溶液中的氟硅酸。采用柠檬酸钠消除ＡＩ＾３＋、Ｆｅ＾３＋和稀土金属离子的干扰，控制溶液的ｐＨ值为５￣６。本方法简便快速。     

逆转喷射乳化法制备石蜡分散松香胶

研究了逆转喷射乳化法制备石蜡分散松香胶的新方法，乳化剂可选用甲磺酸钠类阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂进行复配，乳化剂用量为６％￣８％；水温为６０￣７０℃；油温为１２５￣１３５℃；抄纸时松香胶的用量为绝干浆的０．８％￣１．０％；ｐＨ值为４．５￣５．５；明矾用量为石蜡松香胶的４￣７倍；施胶度为１．０￣１．２。     

一种快速测定离子交换水硬度的方法——铬黑T,甲基红目视比色法

研究了离子交换水硬度的简便、快速的目视比色法，在ｐＨ＝０．１时，用铬黑Ｔ，甲基红为显色剂，测定软化水硬度在０￣２．０×１０＾－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围时，结果与ＥＤＴＡ络合滴定法一致。     

缩二脲试液浑浊的处理

尿素生产过程中因添加甲醛而产生脲甲醛聚合物，影响缩二脲的分析检验。采用加盐酸加热的处理方法，将脲甲醛聚合物分解，使浑浊的试液变得清澈透亮，保证分析结果准确可靠。     

Hydrolysis kinetics and mechanism of adipamide in high temperature water

Adipamide (ADAM) served as a model to investigate the hydrolysis kinetics and mechanism of diamides in high temperature water. The major reaction products resulting from the hydrolysis of ADAM, primarily including adipamic acid and adipic acid, were detected. Effects of temperature, time, pressure, and pH on ADAM hydrolysis reaction kinetics have been investigated. The hydrolysis reaction is first order in ADAM at the temperature ranges investigated. The conversion is pH dependent, and three distinct regions of pH dependence exist. At low and high pH, the conversion increased rapidly with added acid and base, respectively. At near-neutral pH, however, the rate was essentially insensitive to changes in pH. The high content of adipamic acid in the reaction products at the initial hydrolysis reaction stage suggested that only one amide group was attacked at one time and then followed by transformation to a carboxyl. The reaction rate constants, average apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor were evaluated according to the Arrhenius equation. Based on the experimental results, hydrolysis reaction scheme and mechanism were proposed.     

氨基系微胶囊包覆相变材料的研究进展

采用原位聚合法,对影响以脲醛树脂（UF）和三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂（MF）为囊壁的微胶囊相变材料性能的因素,得出以UF为囊壁时,宜采用反应温度为70℃,尿素和甲醛摩尔比为1：2,控制预聚阶段pH为8～9,酸化固化阶段pH为1．5～2;以MF为囊壁时,宜采用反应温度为70℃,三聚氰胺和甲醛摩尔比为1：（2．4-2．5）,控制预聚阶段pH为8-9,酸化固化阶段pH为3;然后选择氯化铵为pH调节剂并采用二次或三次调节,选择合适的乳化分散剂和乳化分散时间,可以获得优异的微胶囊性能。最后展望了氨基系囊壁的发展,并提出了目前面临的困难及急需解决的问题。     

碎斑流纹岩制备刚玉的研究

以碎斑流纹岩为原料制备刚玉。将2.5g流纹岩、8mL水、12mL 98%浓硫酸混合于反应釜中在100℃的烘箱中反应4h,冷却,过滤;滤液用氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值至13,沉淀析出,过滤;滤液用稀硫酸调节pH值至5.2,Al(OH)3完全沉淀,离心分离;沉淀在低于100℃的温度下烘干,再在950℃下煅烧30min得到刚玉,产物经XRD确证。表明利用碎斑流纹岩制备刚玉在技术上是可行的。     

钠元素对氧化钪质量的影响

通过对比试验,探讨了钠元素对氧化钪质量的影响。将钛白废酸采用P2O4、TBP、磺化煤油的混合萃取剂萃取,有机相用氢氧化钠反萃,将反萃的氢氧化钪用硫酸溶解,然后调pH值、加热、水解、过滤,滤液采用萃取剂再次萃取,萃后有机相用氢氧化钠再次反萃,得到的氢氧化钪用盐酸溶解,加碳酸钠或氨水调pH值为1～1.5,加10%的草酸沉淀,过滤,洗涤,于800℃灼烧1 h,得成品氧化钪。加氨水的氧化钪含量达到92%,而加碳酸钠的氧化钪含量达到68%,说明钠元素影响产品质量,建议采用氨水调节。     

油酸甲酯乙氧基化物耐酸耐碱性研究

将油酸甲酯乙氧基化物(OMEE)作为研究对象,通过FT-IR鉴定结构;分别采用国标法和质量法定性、定量测定FMEE和OMEE耐酸耐碱性。由实验结果可知,OMEE与常规饱和脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物(FMEE)在结构上存在碳碳双键的差异;国标法不适用于脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物耐酸耐碱性的测定;在任意p H值,OMEE的水解率始终高于FMEE;在p H=13时,FMEE和OMEE水解速率最快,且在170 h时OMEE水解完全;FMEE在p H=2~9、500 h时水解率仍小于20%;OMEE在p H小于13时,水解率受p H和时间影响较小。     

Studies of selective adsorption resin. XXIV. Preparation and properties of macroreticular chelating resins containing both polyethylenepolyamine side chains and mercapto groups

The macroreticular chelating resins containing both polyethylenepolyamine side chains and mercapto groups were prepared by the reaction of 2,3-epithiopropyl methacrylate-divinylbenzene macroreticular copolymer beads with polyethylene-polyamine. The adsorption behavior of metal ions on the obtained resins was then investigated. The amination of the macroreticular copolymer beads could effectively be carried out by treatment of the polymer beads with polyethylenepolyamine in organic solvent (benzene, terahydrofuran) or in the absence of organic solvent at 80°C or 100°C for 60 min. It was found that the adsorption capacity of the resins for metal ions is not only affected by the ion exchange capacity of the resins but also by the porosity of the resins. Hg²⁺, Ag⁺, and Cu²⁺ were effectively adsorbed on the resins even at a pH below 3, whereas Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cd²⁺ were adsorbed at a pH above 3, Mn²⁺ at a pH above 7, and Ca²⁺ at a pH above 8. These metal ions adsorbed on the resins could easily be eluted with dilute mineral acid solution or dilute mineral acid solution containing thiourea.     

极端酸碱pH偏移改善白果蛋白溶解性和乳化性

以白果种子为原料提取蛋白,研究其分离蛋白经历极端酸性(pH 2.0、3.0、4.0)和极端碱性(pH 10.0、11.0、12.0)偏移处理2h后、再将pH恢复至中性后的溶解性和乳化性。基于0.5mol/LNaCl溶液体系,采用物理化学分析、光谱技术及电泳技术等手段表征白果分离蛋白的水化性质、分子组分和结构修饰以及蛋白分子聚集行为和乳化特性,探讨以上极端酸碱pH偏移对蛋白结构和功能性的影响。结果表明,极端酸碱偏移处理致使蛋白疏水性、巯基含量和内源性荧光强度均提高,促进蛋白分子展开、重排和疏水基团的暴露,形成由二硫键调节的分子聚集;显著提高蛋白溶解度(特别是pH10.0处理,溶解度从未处理组的13.42%增加到31.91%)和最高约为未处理组2倍的蛋白乳化活性,但降低蛋白乳化稳定性。     

D301阴离子交换树脂吸附2-酮基-L-古龙酸母液中草酸的研究

研究了分离出2-酮基-L-古龙酸母液中的草酸时,D301阴离子交换树脂在静态和动态情况下吸附草酸的过程,并利用Freundlich吸附等温方程对吸附等温线数据进行拟合。结果表明:D301树脂对草酸的平衡吸附数据符合Freundlich吸附等温方程,在293、303、313K三种温度下相关系数均大于0.99;且在pH值为6、温度313K、流速30mL/min时吸附量达到最大。这些研究为从古龙酸母液中除去或者回收草酸找到了一种有效的方法,并且可降低母液的COD值,从而降低污染。     

Influence of the synthesis process on the features of Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 powders obtained by the sol–gel method

Y₂O₃-stabilized ZrO₂ (YSZ) powders have been prepared by the sol–gel method using different synthesis parameters. Specifically, zirconium n-propoxide was dissolved in propanol at pH 0.5 or 5 (provided by HNO₃), with or without acetic acid in the hydrolysis medium. Subsequently, the YSZ powders obtained by gelation and drying of these solutions was characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, X-ray diffractometry, and N₂-adsorption. Compacts made from these YSZ powders which were then sintered were also analyzed. It was found that the pH of the hydrolysis medium has a notable influence on the microstructure, morphology, color, crystallinity, and sintering behavior process of these YSZ sol–gel powders. It was also found that the use of acetic acid also affects the YSZ powder features, and results in compacts with higher residual porosity after sintering. Finally, the compacts prepared from the YSZ powders obtained at pH 5 and without acetic acid exhibit the greatest sinterability.