共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 531 毫秒
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从原理、工质对、制冷效率等方面分析吸收式制冷与吸附式制冷的应用情况,提出了吸附式制冷在低品位热能的应用中优于吸收式制冷。 相似文献
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吸收式制冷系统是一种低碳/零碳制冷技术,利用低品位热源(如工业余/废热、太阳能热源等)作为其驱动能源,能有效提高能源系统综合利用效率。当前商业吸收式制冷剂体系主要基于水-溴化锂和氨-水体系,水-溴化锂溶液存在腐蚀性强、易结晶和制冷效果差等问题,氨体系有毒性较强、爆炸性以及氨-水制冷设备无法小型化等缺点。新型制冷剂-吸收剂工质对的研发是设计更环保高效的新型吸收式制冷系统的核心。总结了近年来备受关注的新型工质对体系,从吸收剂角度出发,探讨了离子液体、低共熔溶剂、大分子有机溶剂以及其它吸收剂与制冷剂组成的工质对溶液热力学性质的计算和实验研究方法。特别讨论了吸收剂-制冷剂相互作用类型和机制,及其对工质对溶液热力学性质和制冷性能的影响规律。总结研究发现对于新型工质对体系,普遍存在的问题是工质对溶液对制冷剂蒸汽的吸收性能欠佳。通过调控吸收剂化学结构和工质对组成,增强吸收剂-制冷剂相互作用是进一步优化工质对体系的关键途径。该综述为优化、设计工质对溶液体系提供了参考。 相似文献
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通过试验研究了使用氨-水-溴化锂三元工质对氨吸收式制冷性能的影响。根据现有研究,工质中溴化锂的质量分数设定为5%、10%、15%和20%,试验中发生温度设定为90~130℃,蒸发温度设定为-19~-4℃,冷却水温度设定为22~33℃。通过试验发现,溴化锂质量分数在15%时对COP提升效果最好,发生温度在130℃时性能系数可以达到0.408,蒸发温度在-4℃时性能系数可达0.410,冷却水温度在22℃时性能系数可以达到0.412;而且添加三元工质可以减小精馏能耗且充分利用低品位热能,因此采用氨-水-溴化锂三元工质可以在高效利用热能情况下改善氨吸收式制冷系统的劣势。 相似文献
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氨-水-溴化锂(NH3-H2O-LiBr)三元吸收式制冷系统中溴化锂的存在有利于发生过程的进行,降低循环精馏热,但阻碍了吸收氨的传质过程,对吸收性能不利。对此本文提出基于膜分离器的氨-水-溴化锂吸收式制冷循环,可将溴化锂从进入吸收器的溶液中分离出来,进而改善吸收性能。并进行了在膜分离器中分离溴化锂的实验,实验结果表明NH3-H2O-LiBr三元溶液在膜分离器中两次循环后分离效率达98%。基于实验中的分离效率,利用Aspen Plus模拟器,进一步模拟分析了基于膜分离器的氨-水-溴化锂吸收式制冷系统,并计算其性能系数(COP)。结果表明,与普通三元循环相比,基于膜分离器的新型循环的能耗较低,性能系数可提高近10%。当发生温度从60℃升高到120℃时,循环的发生器热负荷逐渐降低,COP逐渐增大,最大达0.5869,较普通循环高6%,此时溴化锂质量分数变化范围为0~30%。 相似文献
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吸附式制冷是一种绿色环保节能的制冷技术,在低于100℃的低品位热能如废热能、太阳能等的利用方面具有广阔的发展前景。为了能够利用这部分的能源,提出了由吸附制冷过程与再吸附过程组成的二级吸附式制冷循环。采用SrCl2-NH4Cl-NH3作为工质对,测试不同蒸发温度与冷却温度下吸附剂的吸附与解吸性能。实验测试结果表明:当热源温度为70℃时,二级吸附式制冷也能够实现-25℃下的冷量输出。在测试工况下,氯化锶的最大吸附量达到了理论吸附量的94%。80℃热源、25℃冷源以及-25℃制冷条件下二级吸附式制冷循环的COP和SCP达到了0.250与160 W·kg-1。这个数值与CaCl2-BaCl2-NH3两级冷冻在85℃驱动热源以及同等的冷源与制冷温度条件下的数据相对比,驱动热源需求降低了5℃,COP提高了4%,SCP提高了10%以上。 相似文献
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为了探究双级压缩制冷系统与复叠式压缩制冷系统哪种更适合超低温制冷装置,通过对双级压缩系统和复叠式压缩制冷系统采用循环热力计算的方法,比较分析了双级压缩与复叠式压缩制冷系统的技术特性。同时从经济性的角度,对两种制冷方案的理论输气量、制冷系数、初投资、实际运行费用进行了对比分析。结果表明:在相同的工况下,复叠式系统的压缩比、排气温度和理论输气量均低于双级压缩系统,而复叠式系统的吸气压力和制冷系数高于双级压缩系统。在冷凝温度为40℃、蒸发温度为-65℃时,采用复叠压缩实际节能可达15.13%,即在超低温工况下复叠式系统更有前景。 相似文献
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煤制气甲烷化过程中会产生大量的低温余热,这部分热量直接排放到大气,造成较大的能效损失、经济价值损失。将溴化锂吸收式制冷和氨吸收式制冷的串级制冷工艺集成到甲烷化过程中,利用低品位余热制冷,可制得-40℃的冷量用于低温甲醇洗,以替代部分常规的压缩式制冷。这样能大幅降低电耗,提高能效。以40亿立方米/年的煤制天然气为例,该串级吸收式制冷集成甲烷化过程中的低温余热用于低温甲醇洗单元供冷,减少压缩式制冷负荷16.2%,折合节省标煤1.8万吨/年,动态投资回收期1.7年左右。 相似文献
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A conceptual design of a triple-effect solid-gas thermochemical sorption refrigeration system using three kinds of reactive salts and ammonia as working pairs is presented. In the proposed system, two internal heat recovery processes were employed to enhance the energy utilization efficiency. The adsorption heat of a high-temperature salt was recovered for the regeneration process of a middle-temperature salt, while the adsorption heat released by the middle-temperature salt was used to regenerate a low-temperature salt. The presented sorption refrigeration system can produce three cooling-effects in one cycle, at the expense of only one heat input at high temperature. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the system can be improved by 146-200% compared to that obtained with a conventional sorption refrigeration system. When the sensible heats of the reactant, the refrigerant and the metallic part of the reactors were considered, theoretical results showed the calculated COP employing the triple-effect sorption cycle varied between 0.75 and 0.97 with the mass ratio between the metallic part of the reactor and the reactive salt. 相似文献
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The paper proposes an adsorption refrigeration system using silica gel and water as working pair with novel design. In this system, the adsorber, condenser and evaporator are housed in one vacuum chamber, forming an adsorption refrigeration unit. Two such units work alternatively to supply cooling continuously. The construction, parameters of the adsorber, condenser and evaporator and characteristics of the cycle are given. The experimental results demonstrate that the mass recovery process can significantly improve the cooling capacity and COP. The effects of evaporating temperature and cooling water inlet temperature on chiller performance are analyzed. Comparison of the novel system and conventional ones demonstrates that the novel system has a higher performance than the conventional ones with heat recovery process if the problem of cooling loss can be resolved. 相似文献
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A low-grade heat recovery system for large-scale refrigerators is proposed. The system comprises an evaporation refrigeration cycle with an inert carrier gas and a thermal adsorption-desorption cycle for adsorption drying of a gas flow. The known low-grade heat recovery systems using adsorption heat pumps with closed vapor-phase cycles for refrigeration are inefficient because of the rather low partial vapor pressure of the working medium. Moreover, such systems are highly sensitive to an unsorbable component, which is inevitably accumulated in the vapor phase. The system proposed is free of these drawbacks, since the unsorbable component is used as a working-medium vapor carrier, thus enhancing the mass-transfer processes. 相似文献
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工业过程中的废热排放造成了可用能的损失 ,又造成热污染和环境污染。针对一种利用热管回收废热的LiBr制冷机 ,采用柴油机烟气废热制冷实测后 ,对该系统的实测结果进行了火用分析 ,分析结果表明了这种新型废热LiBr制冷机有效利用了柴油机烟气余热 ,提高了系统的火用效率 相似文献
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The cycle characteristics of thermochemical resorption refrigeration system were investigated, and the experimental comparison between the basic resorption cycle and adsorption cycle was performed. Experimental results showed that the conversion rate during the regeneration phase in the resorption refrigeration cycle was higher than that in the adsorption refrigeration cycle at the same constraining temperatures. However, the conversion rate was lower during the cold production phase in the former cycle than in the latter cycle. Moreover, the reaction plateau temperature in the resorption cycle was lower than that in the adsorption cycle at the same regeneration temperature and heat sink temperature. The thermal capacity of metallic part of reactor has a stronger influence on the system performance for the resorption cycle compared with the adsorption cycle. At a regeneration temperature of 180 °C, heat sink temperature of 25 °C and refrigeration temperature of 10 °C, theoretical results showed the COP of a simple test unit operating on the resorption cycle to be 0.40. The resorption refrigeration technology is more suitable for cold production in some special situations where the presence of liquid is not desirable. 相似文献
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在太阳能吸附制冷循环解吸过程中传质性能受到非稳定热源温度的限制,而压力调节可作为强化传质的有效补偿手段。通过构建活性炭-甲醇工质对的恒温解吸理论模型给出了解吸率、解吸速率的表达式,对变压强化传质效果进行计算,揭示了温度与压力变化对解吸率的影响规律。计算结果显示系统压力降低10 kPa可等效于热源温度升高了6~8℃。搭建了以活性炭-甲醇为工质对的吸附单元管吸附制冷平台,实验结果显示当解吸温度分别为90、100和110℃时,系统压力降低14 kPa后,解吸率分别提高了20.5%、15.1%和12.1%,平均解吸速率分别提高了49.3%、44.6%和37.1%,与理论计算吻合较好。得出了温度与压力对解吸性能影响的耦合关系,并对实际太阳能吸附制冷系统变压解吸方法给出建议。 相似文献