含磷化合物改性氢氧化镁及其在EVA中应用研究

采用钛酸酯偶联剂201、311和含磷有机阻燃剂磷酸甲酚二苯酯、亚磷酸二甲酯对氢氧化镁进行表面改性,以红外光谱、热重、电镜和粒度分析为表征手段考察不同种类的改性剂对氢氧化镁表面改性的影响。结果表明,磷酸甲酚二苯酯改性氢氧化镁能提高10℃分解温度,增加高温下质量保持率;钛酸酯偶联剂311改性氢氧化镁能降低平均粒度,使粒径分散性更好。使用改性后氢氧化镁的复合材料,断裂伸长率和极限氧指数有着明显的提高,尤其钛酸酯偶联剂311改性后的复合材料断裂伸长率能达到751.1%,磷酸甲酚二苯酯改性后的复合材料氧指数能达到37.2%。     

纺织品用有机硅的合成和应用

含硅的表面活性剂是一种具有优良性能的功能性表面活性剂 ,用于纺织品整理可赋予织物柔软、滑爽、抗静电、疏水、耐热等优异性能。本文综述了各种改性有机硅在纺织品整理方面的应用 ,并介绍了它们的合成方法 ,归纳了常用改性有机硅油的合成机理。针对改性有机硅不同的化学结构和性能特点 ,归纳了它们适用于何种织物的整理。     

新型固体催化剂（QS-6）合成DOP的研究

QS-6是一种新型DOP固体催化剂，本文研究了反应温度、反应时间和催化剂用量对酯化反应的影响，并将QS-6与钛酸四丁酯的催化性能进行比较，结果表明，QS-6的催化活性比钛酸四丁酯更高。     

涂覆法制备高性能磺化聚醚砜混合基质膜

采用涂覆法将磺化聚醚砜(SPES)浓度为0.7%(质量)的铸膜液制备成膜,并使用钛酸四丁酯(TBT)和TiO_2纳米颗粒作为添加剂来对比改善膜性能。通过对纳滤膜的微观结构表征,以及膜对NaCl与染料的分离性能等方面来分析其性能。当钛酸四丁酯的含量为0.35%(质量)时,膜的通量从27.3 L·m~(-2)·h~(-1)提升至38.9 L·m~(-2)·h~(-1),而截留率则有91.2%降至82.5%。与纯SPES膜相比,改性纳滤膜的平均孔径更大,由1.51 nm增大为2.28 nm。TBT改性膜表面有TiO_2纳米颗粒形成,而且随着TBT的浓度增大,颗粒逐渐增大,而直接添加TiO_2纳米颗粒的纳滤膜的表面呈现明显的团聚现象。使用钛酸四丁酯代替TiO_2纳米颗粒作为添加剂,在增加膜通量的同时也能降低纳米颗粒团聚而导致的膜缺陷。由钛酸四丁酯水解生成的正丁醇的致孔作用对膜的性能具有很大的影响。     

多填料改性汽车内饰用聚丙烯

以汽车内饰用聚丙烯为研究对象,通过共混改性研究了硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂及其两两复配形成的三种复合偶联剂对高岭土和硫酸钡进行的表面改性填充聚丙烯的性能。试验表明,钛酸酯偶联剂/铝酸酯偶联剂复配改性高岭土和硫酸钡填充聚丙烯(PP)能取得最优的综合性能,拉伸强度提升10.62%,断裂伸长率提升12.8%,弯曲强度提升4.95%,缺口冲击强度提升28.62%,熔体质量流动速率提升52.48%。通过正交试验对钛酸酯/铝酸酯复合偶联剂改性高岭土和硫酸钡填充PP进行了配方优化,同时发现高岭土能起到增强作用,硫酸钡对基体有增韧作用,且高岭土与硫酸钡在PP中具有协同作用。     

快固型钛酸酯杂化酚醛树脂的合成

通过钛酸四丁酯与热塑性酚醛树脂(Novolac树脂)的酯交换反应合成了一类快速固化型杂化酚醛树脂,可加入六亚甲基四胺进行固化。通过红外、核磁、凝胶时间和粘度等测试研究了树脂的分子结构和理化性能。结果表明:随着钛酸四丁酯用量增大,杂化酚醛树脂的分子质量明显增大,凝胶时间缩短,杂化酚醛树脂溶液的粘度增大,并基本呈线性关系。钛酸酯键有效改进了酚醛树脂的粘接性。固化速率的加快来源于改性树脂分子质量的增大和钛酸酯结构对于固化反应的催化作用;而杂化酚醛树脂粘接性的提高是由于酚醛树脂中的钛酸酯结构起到了偶联剂作用。     

纳米碳酸钙的制备技术与表面改性方法

简述了我国纳米碳酸钙技术发展现状。介绍了纳米碳酸钙的生产技术路线,探讨了其中的碳化工艺和表面改性方法。目前我国有鼓泡碳化、喷雾碳化和超重力碳化等的碳化工艺,可采用钛酸酯、铝酸酯等偶联剂和脂肪酸、磷酸酯等表面活性剂对纳米碳酸钙进行表面改性。     

涂覆法制备高性能磺化聚醚砜混合基质膜

采用涂覆法将磺化聚醚砜（SPES（浓度为0.7%（质量（的铸膜液制备成膜，并使用钛酸四丁酯（TBT（和TiO₂纳米颗粒作为添加剂来对比改善膜性能。通过对纳滤膜的微观结构表征，以及膜对NaCl与染料的分离性能等方面来分析其性能。当钛酸四丁酯的含量为0.35%（质量（时，膜的通量从27.3 L·m^-2·h^-1提升至38.9 L·m^-2·h^-1，而截留率则有91.2%降至82.5%。与纯SPES膜相比，改性纳滤膜的平均孔径更大，由1.51 nm增大为2.28 nm。TBT改性膜表面有TiO₂纳米颗粒形成，而且随着TBT的浓度增大，颗粒逐渐增大，而直接添加TiO₂纳米颗粒的纳滤膜的表面呈现明显的团聚现象。使用钛酸四丁酯代替TiO₂纳米颗粒作为添加剂，在增加膜通量的同时也能降低纳米颗粒团聚而导致的膜缺陷。由钛酸四丁酯水解生成的正丁醇的致孔作用对膜的性能具有很大的影响。     

钛酸酯偶联剂改性纳米ZnO制备MC尼龙6/ZnO复合材料

用钛酸酯偶联剂改性纳米ZnO制备MC尼龙6/纳米ZnO复合材料。当纳米ZnO加入量为2%时,MC尼龙6/纳米ZnO复合材料力学综合性能最优,与纯MC尼龙6相比,其拉伸强度提高28.4%,断裂伸长率提高152.7%,弯曲模量提高30.2%,冲击强度提高60.5%。从SEM分析可见,ZnO在MC尼龙6中分布均匀,达到纳米级分散;从XRD分析可见,纳米ZnO没有改变MC尼龙6的结晶形态。     

TiO_2/MCM-22催化合成对二甲苯的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,乙醇为溶剂,通过浸渍法制备了一系列TiO_2改性MCM-22微孔分子筛择形催化剂,在连续流动固定床反应器上考察了甲苯与碳酸二甲酯烷基化合成对二甲苯的择型催化性能。通过XRD、FT-IR、N2吸附-脱附、NH_3-TPD、XPS、吡啶吸附FT-IR、UV-Vis等手段对催化剂进行表征,并考察了反应温度、空速对甲苯烷基化反应的影响。结果表明,制备的TiO_2改性MCM-22催化剂在甲苯与碳酸二甲酯烷基化合成对二甲苯过程中不仅表现出优异的择型性能,而且还保持了较高的催化活性。这是由于钛酸四丁酯具有较大的分子尺寸,在浸渍过程中仅微孔分子筛外表面酸性位被有效覆盖,而分子筛孔内的酸性位并未受到影响。     

Improving the hydrophobicity of nylon fabric by consecutive treatment with poly(acrylic acid), tetraethylorthosilicate,and octadecylamine

Nylon fabric was consecutively treated with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), and octadecylamine (OA) to improve its hydrophobicity. We proposed that PAA could be used as a mediator between nylon and OA to provide a high density of the carboxyl moiety. TEOS was used to increase the surface roughness of the nylon fabric by hydrolysis and condensation, and OA was used to reduce the surface energy of the nylon fabric with its long alkyl chains. Both the increase in the surface roughness and the reduction in the surface energy contributed to the improvement of the hydrophobicity of the nylon fabric. The hydrophobicity of the treated nylon fabric was evaluated by the measurement of the water contact angle, water resistance to spray, and hydrostatic pressure. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the surface roughness of the nylon fabric was significantly increased by treatment with TEOS. The nylon fabric with the PAA/TEOS/OA consecutive treatment exhibited a water contact angle of 125°, a resistance to water spray of 90, and a hydrostatic pressure of 275 mm. It was interesting to find that the PAA/TEOS/OA consecutive treatment slightly enhanced the wrinkle recovery but had no apparent effects on the degree of whiteness and the breaking strength of the nylon fabric. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42456.     

A novel durable photoactive nylon fabric using electrospun nanofibers containing nanophotocatalysts

This study explores new technique to produce a nylon fabric with durable self-cleaning property. Nylon fabric (polyamide 66) has been coated with electrospun nylon nanofibers containing nanoparticles (TiO₂, SrTiO₃ and ZnO). The coated samples were heat-setted in order to fixation of the nanofibers on surface of the nylon fabric. The self-cleaning property is tested by discoloration of the stained fabric with Direct Green 6 under UV irradiation. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were employed to characterize the treated nylon fabrics. The treated fabrics showed excellent photoactivity toward dye degradation. Moreover, the photoactivity of the treated fabrics stable after repeat laundering.     

海藻酸钙/纳米TiO_2共混纤维的制备与表征

将含固体质量分数为5%的海藻酸钠纺丝原液与纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)水分散液均匀混合,制得海藻酸钠/纳米TiO2混合纺丝原液,采用湿法纺丝,通过氯化钙凝固浴,经拉伸、水洗,制备了海藻酸钙/纳米TiO2共混纤维,研究了纳米TiO2含量对共混纤维结构及性能的影响。结果表明:纳米TiO2的加入,提高了共混纤维的力学性能;加入质量分数为0.5%的纳米TiO2,海藻酸钙大分子链上的红外特征吸收峰峰形明显变宽,共混纤维的力学性能最佳,断裂强度为2.93 cN/dtex,断裂伸长率为7.34%,优于海藻酸钙纤维;添加纳米TiO2质量分数为3%时,纳米TiO2在共混纤维中仍能较好的分散,且纤维表面光滑。加入纳米TiO2后,共混纤维的热稳定性提高。     

纳米TiO_2改性涤棉混纺织物的风格性能

采用水热合成技术,以硫酸钛、硫酸氧钛、钛酸丁酯三种原料作为钛源,让纳米TiO2生成的同时直接负载到涤棉混纺织物表面,然后使用KES-FB织物风格测试仪测试了水热法纳米TiO2改性涤棉混纺织物的风格性能。试验结果表明:改性后的涤棉混纺织物的拉伸性能、剪切性能、弯曲性能、压缩性能、表面性能都发生了一定的变化。该研究为功能性涤棉混纺织物的研究和应用提供了重要的参考价值。     

Flameproofing of cellulose and several synthetic polymers by substituted N-[(phosphinyl) methyl]-2-imidazolidinones

Substituted 1-[(phosphinyl)methyl]-2-imidazolidinones were used for development of a novel finishing process referring cotton fabric fire and crease resistant. The process involves treatment of cotton fabric with an acidic solution of substituted 1-[(phosphinyl)methyl]-3-hydroxymethyl-2-imidazolidinones and tris (N-hydroxymethyl) melamine followed by curing. The fire resistance, the crease resistance, and the mechanical strength of the treated fabric were determined in order to evaluate the process. Particularly, the fire resistance of the specimens was determined by measuring their char length, the afterflame time, and the afterglow time. All treated specimens were selfextinguishing. The crease resistance and the mechanical strength of the specimens were determined by measuring their recovery angle and breaking load, respectively. In addition, substituted 1,3-bis[(phosphinyl)methyl]-2-imidazolidinones were used as fire retardant additives in several synthetic polymers such as nylon 66 and polyethylene with significant increase of their limiting oxygen index (LOI) value.     

纳米TiO_2/PPS共混纤维的结构及耐紫外老化性能

采用共混纺丝法制备了纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)/聚苯硫醚(PPS)共混纤维,借助声速取向仪、差示扫描量热仪、扫描电子显微镜和热重分析仪等研究了纳米TiO2对共混纤维取向、热性能、形貌、热稳定性以及耐紫外老化性能的影响。结果表明:随纳米TiO2含量增加,共混纤维的取向度逐渐下降;少量纳米TiO2的加入对PPS纤维的熔融温度没有影响,但其重结晶温度升高,结晶度大幅提高;少量纳米TiO2的加入有利于改善PPS纤维的耐紫外老化性能,经紫外老化192 h后,含w(TiO2)为1.5%的PPS纤维的断裂强度保留率和断裂伸长保留率分别为66.7%和70.5%,明显高于纯PPS纤维的39.1%和26.6%,且纤维表面裂纹明显减少;w(TiO2)为1%～3%时,纳米TiO2不会影响PPS纤维的热稳定性。     

PA6/TiO2-GO复合材料的制备及其性能研究

近年来,环境污染问题越来越严重,光催化技术在处理污水和净化空气等方面发挥着重要的作用。本文通过差示扫描量热仪、电子万能拉伸试验机、可见分光光度计等仪器,主要研究不同纳米TiO2用量对PA6/TiO2-GO复合材料的热学性能、力学性能、光催化性能等的影响。通过研究发现：随纳米TiO2含量的增加,PA6/TiO2-GO复合材料的熔点逐渐降低,结晶度先增大后减小(复合材料的结晶度均大于纯PA6的结晶度);断裂强度逐渐减小,断裂伸长率逐渐增大;纳米TiO2对亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化降解能力越来越强。在相同纳米TiO2含量下,加入GO后能有效提高TiO2的光催化降解能力,光催化降解能力能提高10%左右。     

Discussion of aqueous urethane acrylate oligomers with sulfoisophthalate on the antistatic hydrophilic finishing of different fabrics

In this study, PEG(SE) containing sulfonic acid group was produced by transesterification of dimethyl 5‐sulfoisophthalate sodium salt (SIP) with PEG. The reactive urethane acrylate oligomers were synthesized by using SE as soft segment, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as hard segment, and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as blocking agent. Their solution properties and thermal properties were investigated. Dipping process was carried out on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric, polyamide (nylon) fabric, and cotton fabric for hydrophilic finishing and the effects of processing condition on the fixation behavior and hydrophilic property of treated fabric have been discussed. The conclusions are as follows: the particle size of oligomer solutions are about 45–90 μm, surface tension of solutions are below 43 dyn/cm, and they have smaller contact angle than water. The particle size, particle variance, and streaming current reading decreased, but the surface tension and contact angle enhanced upon increasing PEG molecular weight. The melting point of oligomer is 38°C–52°C and the glass transition point is −18°C to −25°C. In comparison with the fabric finishing, the add‐on of PET fabric is the highest, followed by nylon, then cotton. The durability of treated cotton fabric is the highest, followed by PET, then nylon. The hydrophilicity is most stable for nylon fabric with PEG molecular weight of 2,000, and cotton and PET fabric with molecular weight of 1,000. POLYM. COMPOS., 29:45–57, 2008. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers     

930dtex/2锦纶6浸胶帘布在轻型载重子午线轮胎胎圈包布中的应用

试验研究930dtex／2锦纶6浸胶帘布替代3780dtex／1×3780dtex／1锦纶66网眼布在7．00R1612PR轻型载重子午线轮胎胎圈包布中的应用效果。结果表明,930dtex／2锦纶6浸胶帘布的帘线结构简单、强力高、与橡胶结合好;替代3780dtex／1×3780dtex／1锦纶66网眼布用作7．00R1612PR轻型载重子午线轮胎胎圈包布,可以提高成品轮胎的胎圈耐久性能,同时降低生产成本。     

预处理尼龙短纤维用于V带的性能试验

对比了预处理尼龙短纤维,预处理木质素短纤维在各种胶料中的补强性能以及它们在胶料中的分散情况,测试了预处理尼龙短纤维不同填充比例对胶料性能的影响,说明预处理尼龙短纤维在各种胶料中的补强效果明显,工艺适应性好,控制适当的掺用比能满足各种V带底胶的使用要求。