焦炉煤气净化硫回收催化剂的性能及工业应用

介绍了ＮＣＴ－１０型硫回收催化剂和ＮＣＴ－１１型有机硫水解催化剂的主要性能、活性测试,以及工业使用情况。结果表明：这两种催化剂活性好、强度高,性能达到国外同类产品的先进水平。     

天然气有机硫水解催化剂的开发及应用

介绍了LS-05型天然气有机硫水解催化剂的开发及工业应用情况。催化剂载体滚球成型,采用浸渍法制备,综合性能达到国外同类催化剂水平。LS-05型催化剂在中石化普光净化厂进行了工业应用,工业应用结果表明:装置运行正常,催化剂水解率高于99%,成品天然气φ(COS)0.000 1%,自主研发的有机硫水解催化剂成功实现了工业化应用。     

催化水解法低温脱除煤气中羰基硫的研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备了负载钼酸铵、碳酸钾、氢氧化钠3种活性组分的氧化铝基水解催化剂,考察了氧含量、温度、湿度对羰基硫水解转化率的影响。实验结果表明,随着氧含量的增加,催化剂反应活性降低;随着温度的升高,催化剂反应活性提高。水蒸气在低含量时可促进水解反应进行,但含量过高则会造成催化剂反应活性的下降。该催化剂在80~100℃,湿度25%条件下具有优异的水解活性和稳定性。     

DNW型耐温阳离子交换树脂催化剂研究

本以苯乙烯／二乙烯苯为主要原料,经聚合、物理结构稳定化、基团化、磺化、活性基团稳定化技术路线,合成了ＤＮＷ型耐温树脂催化剂。通过静态／动态热稳定性等温测试等手段与国外同类树脂催化剂进行了对比,结果表明ＤＮＷ型耐温树脂催化剂活性和热稳定性均达到或超过了国外同类树脂催化剂水平,表现出良好的耐温树脂催化剂活性和热稳定性均达到或超过了国外同类树脂催化剂水平,表现出良好的耐高温稳定性和反应活性,该仙化剂应     

新型柴油型加氢裂化催化剂的研制

为实现科技自主及技术领先,提高现有原油资源的综合利用率,开发了新型QHC-D17柴油型加氢裂化催化剂。该催化剂以无定型硅铝、氧化铝和改性Y分子筛为载体组分,W-Ni为活性金属组分,采用浸渍法制备,可多产柴油兼产高品质尾油。成功对催化剂进行了工业放大生产实验。在中试试验装置上对该剂与国外同类先进催化剂进行了性能对比评价。结果表明,相比与国外催化剂,QHC-D17催化剂的反应活性和柴油选择性均较高,而且具有良好的稳定性,各液体产品的品质优良。     

羰基硫水解转化脱除技术及面临的挑战

综述了羰基硫(COS)水解催化剂制备过程中载体及活性组分的选择与制备,介绍了常温COS水解催化剂的失活与再生研究现状,提出利用浆态床体系脱除高浓度COS的新方法.     

磺化碳固体酸催化剂的制备及其催化性能的研究

以微晶纤维素(MCC)为原料制备了碳基磺酸化固体酸催化剂,用该磺化碳固体酸MCC进行糖化水解,考察其催化水解微晶纤维素的最优条件及碳化温度对催化剂催化活性的影响,并对其重复使用性及再生进行了研究。结果表明,反应温度180℃、反应时间6 h、催化剂用量0.15 g为最佳反应条件,最高糖产率为68.71%;400℃为最佳碳化温度。催化剂重复使用后,由于表面磺酸基团的脱落其活性有所下降,可以通过再磺化得到恢复。     

纤维素碳基固体酸催化纤维素水解制乳酸

以纤维素为原料通过磺化制备碳基固体酸催化剂催化纤维素水解制乳酸的过程,制备了绿色环保的纤维素碳基固体酸催化剂(CCS),所制备的CCS催化剂中含有大量-COOH,酚羟基和-SO_3H并且表现出良好的催化活性。使用不同的方法表征了CCS催化剂,例如BET、TGA、SEM、FT-IR。本课题解释了催化剂相关的结构性能,分析了催化纤维素水解的机理,简述了催化剂活性的评价方法及水解反应的影响因素。     

铌酸催化水解葡萄糖的研究

研究了铌酸催化水解葡萄糖溶液的反应,考察了不同热处理温度对铌酸催化剂活性的影响。研究发现,当热处理温度为400 ℃时,此类催化剂对葡萄糖催化水解生成乙酰丙酸（LA）的活性和选择性较好。对不同制备方法得到的铌酸催化剂活性进行比较,结果表明,直接水洗法制备得到的铌酸较有利于LA的生成。对用磷酸处理的铌酸催化剂进行考察发现,对于本反应体系,催化剂酸性的增加反而使活性下降。用XRD对催化剂的结构表征结果表明,催化剂活性与其表面是否结晶无明显关系。     

马来酸二甲酯加氢制1,4-丁二醇催化剂的研究

介绍了抚顺石油化工研究院（FRIPP）的马来酸二甲酯（DMM）加氢制1,4丁二醇（BDO）催化剂研究情况。该催化剂采用共沉淀方法制备,将含铜和铝的化合物以及其它助剂组分配制成酸性溶液,然后与碱性溶液以并流方式进行共沉淀反应,然后经洗涤、干燥、致密化、成型和焙烧等过程制备成FHE催化剂,催化剂的评价结果表明活性和选择性达到了国外同类参比剂的水平。     

碱土金属镁对乙炔前加氢催化剂性能的影响

以α-Al_2O_3为载体,Pd为主活性组分,Ag为助活性组分,经过碱土金属Mg改性,制备了乙炔加氢催化剂。与国外对比催化剂微反对比评价结果表明,Mg改性的乙炔前加氢催化剂初期活性略差,但随着反应时间延长,Mg改性的乙炔前加氢催化剂活性高于国外对比催化剂,其选择性均高于国外对比催化剂。原位红外分析表明,催化剂经过碱土金属Mg改性后,酸性低于国外对比催化剂,减少了齐聚等副反应的发生,提高了催化剂的抗结焦性能。     

预硫化型CoMo加氢脱硫催化剂性能

采用等体积浸渍方法制备CoMo催化剂,选用不同预硫化方法制备一系列硫化型CoMo催化剂,考察反应温度和空速对加氢脱硫性能的影响,并与对比剂进行比较。结果表明,硫化型CoMo催化剂在不同温度和空速下,具有较好活性,在200 h周期实验中,硫化型CoMo催化剂表现出良好的稳定性,脱硫率98.7%。TEM表征显示,硫化型CoMo催化剂具有更多的MoS_2堆垛层,形成更多高活性Co-Mo-SⅡ型活性相。     

粘结剂对FCC汽油加氢改质催化剂性能的影响研究

采用不同拟薄水铝石制备成粘结剂,再制备成FCC汽油加氢改质催化剂,考察了拟薄水铝石及其制备催化剂物性和催化活性的影响。评价结果表明,国产氧化铝-2具有最高的催化剂强度和较低的裂解性能,催化剂初活性与参比剂相似,是参比粘结剂理想的替代品。     

软泡匀泡剂用高相对分子质量封端聚醚的开发及应用

选用双金属催化剂,合成了窄分布的高相对分子质量烯丙醇聚醚,并采用两步法封端工艺,得到了封端率超过90%的高相对分子质量封端聚醚。在铂系催化体系下,所得封端聚醚与低含氢硅油进行加成反应,制备了软质泡沫用匀泡剂,并对其结构及发泡稳定性进行了初步评价,结果表明该匀泡剂的结构与发泡性能均与国外产品接近。     

微乳法制备Pd-Cu双金属催化剂

选择Cu为助剂,采用微乳法分别优选具有较好稳定性的Cu和Pd微乳液体系,并将Cu和Pd依次负载于Al_2O_3载体上,经干燥、活化和还原制备了Pd-Cu/Al_2O_3催化剂。采用原位IR、CO化学吸附和HRTEM等对催化剂进行表征,结果表明,与常规溶液负载法制备的Pd-Ag/Al_2O_3催化剂相比,采用微乳法降低了催化剂表面酸性,提高了活性组分Pd分散度,Pd粒径分布更为均匀。在750 mL加氢反应器中,采用C_2后加氢原料对催化剂性能进行评价,结果表明,与常规溶液负载法相比,微乳法制备的催化剂在反应温度低4℃条件下,乙炔转化率相当,选择性高9.9个百分点,绿油生成量较低。微乳法制备Pd-Cu双金属催化剂具有良好的工业应用前景。     

程序升温法制备WP催化剂及其催化性能

以偏钨酸铵和磷酸氢二铵为原料,采用程序升温还原法制备体相WP催化剂,用质量分数0. 8%二苯并噻吩(DBT)溶液为模型化合物,考察磷化钨(WP)催化剂的加氢脱硫反应性能。采用XRD对催化剂进行表征,制备的WP催化剂移入固定床反应器前用体积分数10%H2S-Ar混合气体钝化,保证其结构未被破坏。实验表明,程序升温还原法成功制备出WP催化剂。WP催化剂具有良好的加氢性能,在WP催化剂上,二苯并噻吩主要以直接脱硫路径为主。     

焙烧温度对Cu-Zn-Al-Mg甲醇合成催化剂结构与性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备Cu-Zn-Al-Mg甲醇合成催化剂,并用XRD、N_2低温吸附、H_2-TPR、SEM、TG-DTG等手段对催化剂进行表征,着重考察焙烧温度对催化剂结构与性能的影响。结果表明,随着焙烧温度的增加,铜锌间的相互作用增强,有利于催化反应进行;但过高的焙烧温度又会导致催化剂中CuO晶粒过大,不利于铜的分散。350℃下焙烧4 h得到的催化剂活性最好; 300℃下适当延长焙烧时间得到的催化剂无法达到相同性能水平。     

Pt／Al2O3气相苯加氢催化剂的研制

对气相苯加氢制环己烷的Pt／Al2O3苯加氢催化剂进行了研究，考察了催化剂的制备方法、Al2O3载体的物性及竞争吸附剂的种类等对催化剂性能的影响，按优化条件制备了Pt／Al2O3苯加氢催化剂。参考工厂苯加氢制环己烷工艺条件，采用加压原粒度活性评价装置，测试了该催化剂的活性和选择性。评价结果表明，该催化剂的主要性能达到了国外同类型催化剂的水平。     

Properties of Pt/C catalyst modified by chemical vapor deposition of Cr as a cathode of phosphoric acid fuel cell

Cr-modified Pt/C catalysts were prepared by the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of Cr on Pt/C, and their performance as a cathode of phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) was compared with the case of catalysts containing Cr added by impregnation (IMP).The catalyst prepared by CVD showed a higher activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) than one prepared by IMP. There was an optimum amount of Cr that yielded the maximum mass activity of the catalyst because the gain in the intrinsic activity due to the promotional effect of Cr was counterbalanced by the loss of exposed Pt surface area as a result of the Cr introduction. Nevertheless, the activity increase at the optimum amount of Cr was greater for the CVD catalyst than for the IMP catalyst. Also, the optimum amount of Cr to yield the maximum activity was smaller for the former catalyst [Cr/Pt]_CVD = 0.6, than for the latter, [Cr/Pt]_IMP = 1.0.The enhancement of the Pt catalyst activity by Cr addition is attributed to two factors: changes in the surface Pt-Pt spacing and the electronic modification of the Pt surface. The formation of a Pt-Cr alloy, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction, decreased the lattice parameter of Pt, which was beneficial to the catalyst activity for ORR. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that the binding energies of Pt electrons were shifted to higher energies due to Cr modification. Accordingly, the electron density of Pt was lowered and the Pt-O bond became weak on the Cr-modified catalysts, which was also beneficial to the catalyst activity for ORR.The promotion of oxygen reduction on Cr-modified catalysts was confirmed by measuring the cyclic voltammograms of the catalysts. All the above changes were made more effectively for catalysts prepared by CVD than for those prepared by IMP because the former method allowed Cr to interact more closely with the Pt surface than the latter, which was demonstrated by the characterization of catalysts in this study.     

Carbon-supported Pt(Cu) electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation prepared by Cu electroless deposition and its galvanic replacement by Pt

Bimetallic Pt–Cu carbon-supported catalysts (Pt(Cu)/C) were prepared by electroless deposition of Cu on a high surface area carbon powder support, followed by its partial exchange for Pt; the latter was achieved by a galvanic replacement process involving treatment of the Cu/C precursor with a chloroplatinate solution. X-ray diffraction characterization of the Pt(Cu)/C material showed the formation of Pt-rich Pt–Cu alloys. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the outer layers are mainly composed of Pt and residual Cu oxides, while metallic Cu is recessed into the core of the particles. Repetitive cyclic voltammetry in deaerated acid solutions in the potential range between hydrogen and oxygen evolution resulted in steady-state characteristics similar to those of pure Pt, indicating the removal of residual Cu compounds from the surface (due to electrochemical treatment) and the formation of a compact Pt outer shell. The electrocatalytic activity of the thus prepared Pt(Cu)/C material toward methanol oxidation was compared to that of a commercial Pt/C catalyst as well as of similar Pt(Cu)/C catalysts formed by simple Cu chemical reduction. The Pt(Cu)/C catalyst prepared using Cu electroless plating showed more pronounced intrinsic catalytic activity toward methanol oxidation than its counterparts and a similar mass activity when compared to the commercial catalyst. The observed trends were interpreted by interplay between mere surface area effects and modification of Pt electrocatalytic performance in the presence of Cu, both with respect to methanol oxidation and poisonous CO removal.