棕榈油-甲醇-柴油微乳液的制备研究

主要介绍了一种新型的绿色有机替代燃料,即以价格低廉的棕榈油、甲醇为主要替代原料,替代部分柴油.以中等碳链脂肪醇为助溶剂,乳化甲醇、棕榈油、柴油混合燃料,配制成W/O微乳液.实验分别考察了棕榈油的增溶作用和正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、正戊醇的助溶效果,同时考察了温度对乳液稳定性的影响.实验表明,植物油的加入使得油与甲醇的互溶性增加,异丁醇的助溶效果最好.助溶剂和温度是影响甲醇/植物油/柴油混合燃料稳定性的重要凶素.随温度变化,形成热力学稳定的微乳液所需要加入的助溶剂的量不同.CoCl<,2>试纸检验结果表明,所制备的微乳液均为W/O类型.     

助溶剂对甲醇汽油耐水性的影响

以催化汽油为基础油,与不同比例的甲醇调和成甲醇汽油,并以此为研究对象,通过进行甲醇汽油耐水性实验,考察甲醇汽油遇水稳定性。结果表明:中低比例甲醇汽油遇水抗相分离性能很差,并随着汽油中甲醇含量的增加容水量不断增加;醇类助溶剂的添加可以提高甲醇汽油遇水的稳定性,并且醇类助溶剂的用量随着甲醇含量的增加逐渐减少;助溶剂中疏水基碳链增加对甲醇汽油抗水性能有促进作用,效果比较明显的是1-辛醇。     

乙醇酸酯对甲醇汽油体系相稳定性及蒸发性的影响

合成了系列乙醇酸酯,考察其对不同甲醇汽油无水体系的相稳定性以及蒸发性的影响规律,并对不同碳链乙醇酸酯的影响效果进行了考察。结果显示:对于不同比例的甲醇汽油体系,乙醇酸酯类助剂均具有良好的相稳定作用;随着乙醇酸酯中碳原子数的增加,其相稳定温度降低,相稳定效果增强,助溶效果增加。乙醇酸酯的加量增大,其体系的饱和蒸气压先减小后略有增大。其中乙醇酸甲酯的量增加,甲醇汽油M15体系饱和蒸气压呈现减小的趋势。随着乙醇酸酯中碳链的增长,甲醇汽油体系饱和蒸气压的降低效果增强;碳链继续增长,乙醇酸庚酯、乙醇酸辛酯、乙醇酸癸酯呈现出特殊性,对体系饱和蒸气压的降低效果减弱。     

甲醇汽油互溶性影响的研究

本文分析了甲醇一汽油体系中水含量、温度、汽油组成等因素对其互溶性的影响，论述了助溶剂的作用机理与助溶剂的选择。水含量越高、温度越低则互溶性越差，反之亦然。醇类助溶剂助溶效果强于酯类、醚类等助溶剂，复配助溶剂助溶效果强于单组份助溶剂。     

M50甲醇汽油相稳定性影响的研究

通过对M50甲醇汽油相稳定性能的研究,表明加入不同类型、不同含量的助溶剂提高了M50甲醇汽油的抗水能力。其中正辛醇的效果最好,异丙醇效果最差。随助溶剂含量增加最大含水量不断增加。其中1-辛醇作用最为显著。助溶剂中疏水基碳链增加对甲醇汽油抗水性能较好。     

用科勒盐含量测定仪测定原油ρ(氯盐)的方法

应用科勒盐含量测定仪测定原油ρ(氯盐)的方法,此方法分析速度快,操作简便,同时准确度高。通过对3种溶剂(二甲苯、正己烷、直馏汽油80~120℃馏分)对氯盐含量影响的分析,得到标准曲线的线性回归方程,二甲苯作溶剂测定的线性回归方程为:Y=0.067 7 X+0.025,相关系数:r=0.999 8;正己烷作溶剂测定的线性回归方程为:Y=0.072 3 X+0.061 8,相关系数:r=0.999 0;直馏汽油(80~120℃馏分)作溶剂测定的线性回归方程为:Y=0.095 4 X+0.076 5,相关系数:r=0.999 0。经实验选用直馏汽油(80~120℃馏分)作溶剂可以得到与ASTM D3230-10标准中规定的准确度和精密度。     

三甲基叠氮硅烷的合成研究

以三甲基氯硅烷和叠氮化钠为原料,二氯甲烷为溶剂,碘化锌为助催化剂,聚乙二醇400为相转移催化剂,在无水条件下制备三甲基叠氮硅烷。实验考察了滴加时间、保温反应时间、溶剂量、助催化剂量、相转移催化剂量、放大效应等因素对产品收率的影响。反应过程和产品质量通过气相色谱法进行分析、检测。     

甲醇柴油微乳液制备及稳定性的实验研究

复配油酸,二乙醇胺,span80,op-4四种表面活性剂,将其加入到加甲醇柴油混合体系中,制备甲醇柴油微乳液,并采用正交试验方法与粘度指数法,考察了制备温度,搅拌时间,搅拌速度,助表面活性剂用量,甲醇含量5种因素对甲醇柴油微乳液稳定性的影响程度。实验结果表明,当m(油酸)/m(二乙醇胺)/m(span80)/m(OP-4)=10∶2∶3∶2时,可增溶甲醇量最大,正交试验结果表明:样品粘度指数最小,50℃恒温前后的粘度变化最小,为稳定性最佳的甲醇柴油微乳液配方,显著性检验结果表明影响因素作用程度依次为:甲醇含量制备温度搅拌时间助剂用量搅拌速度。在试验温度为30℃,搅拌时间为12 min,搅拌速度为300 r/min时,添加甲醇质量分数为5%的实验条件下制备甲醇柴油微乳液。     

甲醇体系中的氧气助溶剂研究

通过添加高溶氧溶剂的方法提升氧气在甲醇中的溶解度,探究了甲醇体系中的氧气助溶剂.考察分子结构、含氧基团及卤素原子对溶剂溶氧性能的影响,探究了氧气溶解的规律性,测试了几种氟代酯类溶剂的溶氧性能,并探究了助溶剂添加量对氧气溶解度的影响.结果表明:溶剂分子碳链越长,氧气溶解度越大;溶剂分子中含氧基团的存在可以增强溶剂与甲醇之...     

车用甲醇柴油混合燃料的研究

根据甲醇和柴油的分子结构特点,筛选出合适的甲醇燃料助溶剂和助溶表面活性剂。实验结果表明为:采用甲缩醛为助溶剂、异戊醇为助表面活性剂,配制的甲醇柴油具有低温稳定性并且各项技术指标符合国家轻柴油标准(GB252-94)。     

助溶剂对甲醇汽油抗水相分离能力影响的研究

文章研究了不同醇油比条件下甲醇汽油的遇水抗水性能,通过加入不同类型的助溶剂提高了甲醇汽油的抗水能力.其中正辛醇的效果最好,异丙醇效果最差.M50室温下加入1%蒸馏水保持不分层需添加异丙醇4.25%,需添加正辛醇2%,助溶剂的加入顺序对甲醇汽油的抗水性能没有影响.碳原子数越多,助溶效果越好,碳原予数相同时,直链结构的表面...     

Effect of selective localization of cellulose nanowhiskers on viscoelastic phase separation

Viscoelastic phase separation (VPS) is a fundamental physical phenomenon that creates percolated network structure in dynamically asymmetric mixtures. The object of this study was to investigate the effect of rod shape nanoparticles with different surface chemistries on VPS in the polystyrene/poly(vinyl methyl ether), PS/PVME, blend. For this purpose, hydrophilic (CNWs) and hydrophobic (M‐CNWs) cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) were prepared to be used as nanorods. Rheological measurments were employed to investigate the effect of nanowhiskers on phase separation temperature, kinetics of phase separation, and dynamic asymmetry. The evolution of morphology during the phase separation at a fixed quench depth was assessed using polarized optical microscopy. The nanowhiskers were effective in decreasing the correlation length, which slowed down the phase separation. CNWs self‐assembled into the PVME‐rich phase during the phase separation, which led to a decrease in the dynamic asymmetry and beyond a critical volume fraction of CNWs, the VPS mechanism changed to spinodal decomposition (SD). However, in the presence of M‐CNW, the localization of M‐CNWs into the PS‐rich phase enhanced the dynamic asymmetry and at 2 vol% M‐CNWs, the induced PS‐rich network by VPS was arrested. The linear and non‐linear viscoelastic behavior of the samples were studied as well. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:928–942, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Effect of some potassium selective crown ethers on the permeability and structure of a phospholipid membrane

The effect of some new crown ethers on the cation efflux and phase transition parameters of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine liposomes was studied. The effects were correlated with the lipophilicity of the crown ethers. The results indicate that the presence of two crown ring structures in one crown ether molecule is a prerequisite for the increase of ion permeability of liposomes. The effective crown ethers decrease the temperature, enthalpy and cooperativity of the gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition. The crown ethers increase membrane permeability for potassium and, to a lesser extent, for rubidium and sodium. The ratio of permeability increase for potassium/rubidium significantly correlates with the lipophilicity of the crown ethers.     

无稳定剂体系下的双水相聚合相分离

以丙烯酰胺（AM）、季铵类阳离子甲基丙酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（DMC）和丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基苄基氯化铵（AODBAC）为单体，以2，2'-偶氮双[2-（5-甲基-2-咪唑啉-2-基）丙烷]二盐酸化物（VA044）为引发剂，在水溶液中进行无稳定剂体系下的双水相共聚。利用紫外分光光度仪在线观察体系的分相过程并测定体系的临界分相点。通过改进的溴化法测定临界转化率（X_c）。利用黏度法测定临界分子量（M_c）。并对各个因素对于X_c和M_c的影响进行研究。结果表明具有表面活性的阳离子单体AODBAC对体系的相分离具有较好的促进作用。引发剂的用量和AODBAC的摩尔分数（f_AODBAC）对于X_c的影响较小，反应温度升高会使X_c增大。总单体浓度和f_AM的升高会使X_c减小。引发剂用量的增加、反应温度和f_AODBAC的升高都会使M_c减小。f_AM和单体浓度的增加会使M_c显著增加。     

Methanol-gasoline blends: blending agents to prevent phase separation

The use of methanol-gasoline blends as automotive fuel is limited, in part, by phase separation at low temperatures. The separation temperature of these mixtures can be adjusted by varying the percentage of blending agent present. Two blending agents were considered in this study, tertiary butyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol. Both were found to significantly lower the separation temperature, although, isopropyl alcohol is more effective, possibly due to its greater ability to form hydrogen bonds. Correlation equations were derived relating the percentage compositions and the separation temperature.     

涤纶催化织物的制备及其在醚合成反应中的应用

以五元丙烯酸酯共聚物为改性剂，涤纶织物为载体，通过浸轧整理制备了负载型涤纶相转移催化织物，分析了催化织物在Williamson醚合成反应中的催化性能与反应机理，考察了整理工艺、改性剂结构、负载量对催化活性的影响。结果表明，磷酸与甘油可提升改性剂分子的交联程度，从而提高催化织物的稳定性；改性剂中长链烷基酯为甲基丙烯酸十八酯、阳离子单体为甲基丙烯酰胺丙基二甲基丁基溴化铵、阳离子单体摩尔用量为13.33%、负载量为20%时，织物催化活性最佳；催化织物可吸附油相于其表面，随后引发离子交换、成键反应；在应用于不同苯酚的Williamson醚合成反应时，产率均可达92%以上，催化织物在回用10次时仍具有较高的催化活性。     

异丙醇和苯液相烷基化反应制备异丙苯

研究MWW结构的有机硅微孔沸石催化剂在苯和异丙醇液相烷基化反应中的性能,考察反应温度、反应压力和空速等对催化剂催化性能的影响。结果表明,反应温度低于150℃时,催化剂活性和稳定性较差,主要反应为烷基化反应及异丙醇的分子内脱水和分子间脱水反应,反应产物为异丙苯、丙烯和异丙醚。反应温度高于170℃时,催化剂活性和稳定性良好,异丙醇接近完全转化,主要反应为烷基化反应,主要产物为异丙苯和多异丙苯。随着原料空速的增大,异丙醇转化率和异丙苯选择性降低,异丙醚和丙烯选择性增大。反应压力(1.5~2.5)MPa时,反应为液相烷基化过程,反应压力的变化对催化剂催化性能影响较小。     

A study on formation and stability of epoxy resin inverse concentrated water/oil emulsion

Inverse concentrated emulsions were prepared using aqueous colloidal silica suspension as the hydrophilic dispersed phase and a solution of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA), its curing agent polyamide resin, low molecular weight 650, surfactant nonyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether (NPE‐4) in 4‐methyl‐2‐pentanon as the continuous phase, which was expected to be used as the precursors of preparation of porous epoxy resins. The stability, i.e., the resistance to phase separation was studied. The effects of various parameters on the stability of the concentrated emulsions were investigated. The colloidal silica can strengthen the steric repulsion in the system and improve the stability. Viscosity of both phases played a major role in the stability. Precuring of the continuous phase provided an increased initial viscosity and enhanced the stability. Lower volume fraction of the dispersed phase can help to maintain stability of the concentrated emulsions. Properly increasing the curing rate, the concentrated emulsions may acquire a high viscosity in a short time, which retarded the phase separation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

纳米TiO_2对嵌段聚醚酯结晶及相态结构的影响

利用原位聚合制备了纳米TiO_2质量分数为0.5%～1.5%的聚醚酯/纳米TiO_2复合材料;分析研究了纳米TiO_2对嵌段聚醚酯结晶及相态结构的影响。结果表明:TiO_2的加入使硬段结晶的熔点下降,软段结晶的熔点升高;硬段的结晶起始温度随TiO_2含量增加稍移向高温,软段的结晶温度也随TiO_2含量增多向高温移动。玻璃化转变温度随TiO_2含量的增加而稍有升高。添加质量分数0.5%TiO_2的聚醚酯储能模量(E′)与频率(ω)的关系与聚醚酯相似,在低频区域出现末端区效应,显示嵌段聚醚酯具有微相分离的相态结构;当TiO_2质量分数1.0%～1.5%,E′与ω基本成线性关系,说明聚醚酯相分离程度减小,呈现均相结构特征。