卤素交换氟化技术研究进展

含氟有机物在农药、医药,材料等领域有着广泛的应用。卤交换氟化法是向有机分子中引入氟原子的最常用方法。综述了卤交换氟化法的研究进展,包括所用的极性非质子溶剂、相转移催化剂和氟源。     

含氟液晶材料的发展趋势

综述了近年来含氟液晶材料的开发与应用进展,重点介绍了氟原子引入液晶母体分子中不同位置对液晶性能的影响。文中结合液晶材料的相变温度、介电各向异性、双折射和粘度等数据,说明氟取代液晶分子中的恰当位置,对上述性能具有明显的提高,从而满足其在高性能液晶显示器中的应用要求。     

三乙胺三氟化氢在含氟脂肪族化合物合成中的应用

三乙胺三氟化氢作为一种向化合物分子中引入氟原子的有效氟化试剂,具有较小的腐蚀性、温和的反应活性以及良好的区域选择性,在含氟化合物的合成中有着广泛的应用。综述了三乙胺三氟化氢在含氟脂肪族化合物合成中的应用,重点介绍采用亲核氟化、亲电氟化、环氧开环氟化和电化学氟化进行的反应。     

通用高分子材料的氟化改性技术

综述了直接氟化、含氟砌块、二氟卡宾改性、全氟烷基化改性、活性基团转变氟化改性等通用高分子材料氟化改性方法,以及直接氟化、利用氟化试剂表面改性、等离子体氟化、氟碳涂层涂覆等表面氟化处理方法的发展,认为特殊结构和性能的含氟化合物应用前景广阔。     

酞菁类盘状液晶材料研究进展

拥有大环π电子高度共轭结构的酞菁（Pc）核，具备自组装的潜在特征，且在可见光区域具有强吸收。经修饰改性的酞菁衍生物被应用于液晶显示、太阳能电池、非线性光学等光电材料中。其中，液晶相行为影响材料性能方面更引人关注。通过修饰酞菁核可以改变液晶相行为，最具有代表性的修饰是酞菁核中心空腔阳离子配位和外围添加取代基团。经修饰改性的酞菁衍生物柱状自组装趋势明显，盘状中间相易形成，共轭层之间电子的传输能力得到增强，具备了作为光电材料的基本性质。该文综述了近十几年来酞菁衍生物盘状液晶材料的研究进展，总结了酞菁核的结构修饰对其液晶性能影响之间的构效关系，最后对酞菁衍生物盘状液晶在高性能材料合成方面存在的缺陷和研究方向进行了展望。     

一氟化与三氟甲基化氟化剂的开发与应用

近年来,在医药、农药中发现了一些具有生理性的含氟化合物,其特异的治疗效果引人关注。在这些化合物中,分子内一般含有1－2个氟原子或含有－CF3官能团,由于其具有独特的化学性质,使一氟化和三氟甲基化化合物的研究开发极其活跃。而开发含氟化合物,主要是建立引入氟原子或含氟基团的有效方法,特别是寻找并开发新的氟化剂和氟化方法。目前,已有人对近年来开发成功的氟化剂进行了综述［1］。本文概述一氟化和三氟甲基化化合物的氟化剂的使用和各种合成方法。三三氟甲基化合物的合成1．1由三氯甲基和转换众所周知,三氟甲基化合物[2][3…     

酞菁类盘状液晶材料研究进展

拥有大环π电子高度共轭结构的酞菁（Pc）核,具备自组装的潜在特征,且在可见光区域具有强吸收。经修饰改性的酞菁衍生物被应用于液晶显示、太阳能电池、非线性光学等光电材料中,其中液晶相行为影响材料性能方面更引人关注。通过修饰酞菁核可以改变液晶相行为,最具有代表性的修饰是酞菁核中心空腔阳离子配位和外围添加取代基团。经修饰改性的酞菁衍生物柱状自组装趋势明显,盘状中间相易形成,共轭层之间电子的传输能力得到增强,具备了作为光电材料基本性质。本文综述了近十几年来酞菁衍生物盘状液晶材料的研究进展,分析总结了酞菁核的结构修饰对其液晶性能影响之间的构效关系,最后进一步对酞菁衍生物盘状液晶在高性能材料合成方面存在缺陷和研究方向进行了展望。     

芳香族含氟化合物的特性及合成

介绍氟原子的几种特殊化学性质与含氟化合物特性之间的关系,含氟化合物的特性决定其在农药、医药、材料等领域具有广泛的用途。同时介绍了芳香族含氟化合物的几种主要的合成技术,Balz-Schiemann法、卤素交换法以及直接氟化法等。     

新的氟化方法

新的氟化方法虽然现在人们可能对于向芳香体系引入氟的科学研究兴趣不大，但这却是一个重要的化学领域。大多数精细化工产品，特别是农药和医药都含有氟代芳烃单元。据估计，这些年来，所申请的精细化工方面的专利，一半涉及含氟分子。化学史上，有几个将氟原子引入芳香环...     

含氟水性聚氨酯制备工艺概述及其研究进展

含氟聚氨酯(FPU)材料因氟碳类化合物的低表面能特性而成为一类新型高分子功能材料。氟的引入可大幅度改善涂膜的表面性能,提升涂膜的品质,弥补原有聚氨酯材料在涂膜性能方面的不足。重点阐述了含氟水性聚氨酯的制备工艺,以有机含氟官能团作为含氟改性剂制备含氟水性聚氨酯,概述了近年来国内外在制备含氟水性聚氨酯中所采用的改性方法和主要的表征手段,综合比较了各种制备方法在工艺上的异同之处以及改性产物的优缺点,并对水性聚氨酯氟化研究的广阔前景进行了展望。     

分子间自组装盘状液晶材料研究进展

综述了近十年来国内外报道的分子间自组装盘状液晶的研究进展;重点阐述了通过分子间氢键或金属离子配位键自组装的盘状液晶小分子和超分子液晶的液晶性能、掺杂了无机纳米粒子的通过氢键形成的液晶材料的光电性能及其在有机光伏器件中的应用;最后总结了不同类分子间自组装盘状液晶的性能优势。综合文献报道可知,引入分子间氢键或配位键可以更好地实现盘状液晶在特定功能材料中的应用,并且自组装的盘状液晶还可与纳米粒子形成复合物,得到具有特定功能的纳米复合材料。     

Functional Discotic Liquid Crystals

This review article provides a bird’s-eye view on discotic liquid crystals and their potential applications. Design principles, synthesis, modification of physical properties and potential applications of some common discotic liquid crystals have been briefly summarized.     

Improvement of the Performance of Liquid Crystal Displays by Doping with Supramolecule-Protected Metal Nanoparticles

Metal nanoparticles are now creating a new class of materials that are different from either conventional bulk materials or atoms, giving one of the smallest building blocks of matter. Metal nanoparticles have various properties based on high surface area and quantum size effects. Here we focus on the application of metal nanoparticles to liquid crystal displays, which is providing a new field in science and technology. The doping of nanoparticles into liquid crystal materials induces the modification of almost all of the physical properties of the liquid crystal, causing a reduction in the response time of liquid crystal displays. These techniques may be an alternative approach for improving the properties of liquid crystals other than chemical synthesis.     

A Brief Review of Carbazole-Based Photorefractive Liquid Crystalline Materials

Liquid crystals are commonplace in technological devices, such as watch and computer displays and temperature and pressure monitors. Such materials are central to our technological lifestyles. Classically, liquid crystalline materials are based on a structural motif which could be classed as rod-like (e.g. biphenyl derivatives) and in more recent times as disc-like (e.g. triphenylene derivatives). The rod-like materials are very attractive in terms of their chemical stability and their response to electric fields, both of which are a prerequisite for display devices, whereas disc-like materials show promise as one-dimensional conducting materials. Increasing scientific and technological requirements mean that new materials are continually sought to surpass the liquid crystalline materials which are presently known. Carbazole derivatives are well-known interesting natural products. Several methods have been developed and reported in the literature for the synthesis of carbazole derivatives. There are several review articles published on the photorefractive properties of carbazole-based materials. Chemical modification of the carbazole moiety to create a new class of discotic, calamitic and banana-shaped liquid crystalline materials, which will have novel and enhanced photorefractive properties over the amorphous carbazole derivatives, will be discussed in this mini review.     

Ionic Discotic Liquid Crystals

Ionic discotic liquid crystals are salts of discotic liquid crystals that may display lyotropic and thermotropic mesomorphism. Columnar structures of π-π stacking ionic discotic liquid crystals function not only as anisotropic organic semiconductors, similar to their neutral analogues, but they may also efficiently conduct ions. This combination of electronic and ionic conduction is only one of several unique properties that these materials may display, but their systematic investigation has been limited because of their often complex synthesis, purification, and characterization. However, a comprehensive account of existing reports on ionic discotic liquid crystals is not straightforward, despite their relatively small number, because publications are scattered across different areas of research, such as liquid crystals, ionic liquids, and ionic self-assembly. This review intends to provide a concise but comprehensive overview of the published work on ionic discotic liquid crystals and related compounds and is expected to stimulate further exploration. Highlighted in this review is the mesomorphism of ionic discotic liquid crystals and its dependence on structural changes, which is also the focus of most reported studies. Particular attention was given to the dependence of mesomorphism on the location and types of the charged groups as these are parameters unique to these compounds. Also described are electronic, optical, and other properties of these materials if reported.     

Synthesis of 1,4-Bis(phenylethynyl)benzenes and Their Application as Blue Phase Liquid Crystal Composition

A number of 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene derivatives (BPEBs) and their analogues with different numbers of side-substitute fluorine atoms on benzene rings, and alkyl chains, ethoxyl groups, fluorine atoms and trifluoromethyl groups as the end groups have been synthesized. The effects of the different substituents on their properties such as thermal behavior of melting point and clearing point, the temperature of nematic phase, optical anisotropy and dielectric anisotropy have been well investigated, and it has been found that some BPEBs have a wide range of the nematic phase temperature with high optical anisotropy (Δn) and acceptable dielectric anisotropy (Δɛ), which have been applied as the crucial compositions to constitute a liquid crystal mixture having the properties of Δɛ = 29.0 and Δn = 0.283 at 25 °C. With the addition of the chiral dopant to the obtained liquid crystal mixture, blue phase liquid crystal with a blue phase temperature range of 8 °C has been achieved.     

含氟聚酰亚胺的设计、合成及应用性能研究进展

聚酰亚胺作为结构独特的一类功能性高分子材料,应用广泛。随着人们对材料综合性能要求的提高,含氟聚酰亚胺颇受业界关注。聚酰亚胺结构中引入氟原子既能提高材料溶解性和透光率,还能降低其吸湿率和介电常数。综述了近年来含氟聚酰亚胺在设计、合成和应用性能方面的研究进展,指出其结构设计带来的性能优势。特别是对含氟聚酰亚胺的溶解性、光学性能、热性能等进行了总结。展望了其在柔性显示面板/基板市场的应用发展方向。     

五种新型高分子液晶研究进展及应用前景

阐述了高分子液晶的形成条件,综述了纤维素液晶、甲壳素液晶、铁电液晶、盘状液晶、卤代液晶等五种新型高分子液晶材料的结构、性能及其应用前景,并对高分子液晶的发展方向进行了展望。