几种药剂对茶角胸叶甲的室内杀虫活性测定及田间药效试验

应用浸叶饲喂法测定9种药剂对茶角胸叶甲成虫的杀虫活性,结果表明,5%锐劲特SC、40%辛硫磷EC、0.3%印楝素EC、0.2%高渗甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME对茶角胸叶甲成虫的毒力较高,LC50分别为2.3979mg/L、3.2442mg/L、3.9602mg/L、4.3820mg/L。田间小区试验结果表明,供试的4种药剂中,防治效果较好的是5%锐劲特SC、40%辛硫磷EC、0.3%印楝素EC,其中5%锐劲特SC2000倍、3000倍防效最好,药后3d校正虫口减退率达到98.69%、97.89%;其次是40%辛硫磷EC1000倍、1500倍,药后3d校正虫口减退率为93.97%、89.87%;0.3%印楝素EC1000倍、1500倍在药后3d、7d的校正虫口减退率较低,但10d、15d的校正虫口减退率均超过70%。     

新广谱土壤杀虫剂SD208304

美国土壤杀虫剂市场主要同防治玉米幼芽根叶甲(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera)、长角叶甲(D. longicornis barberi)二种鞘翅目玉米害虫幼虫有关。1985年美国约有1200万公顷玉米田施用土壤杀虫剂(占全部玉米种植面积的35％),其中1050万公顷是在播种时施药的。另一种主要农业土壤害虫是切根虫(Agrotis ipsilon),这是整个北美和其他许多国家玉米苗期及一些作物的主要害虫。由于这种害虫的迁移特性,难以预测,所以最经常性的防治     

双斑长跗萤叶甲Monolepta hieroglyphica(Motschulsky)的药剂防治试验

[目的]通过对不同作用机理的药剂防治双斑长跗萤叶甲效果比较的研究,筛选出控制该害虫的适宜药剂,为生产上有效防治该虫提供科学依据。[方法]采用药膜法对拟除虫菊酯类、氨基甲酸酯类、有机磷类、大环内酯类、烟碱类、苯基吡唑类6大类共10种杀虫剂防治双斑长跗萤叶甲的效果进行了室内筛选试验及室外盆栽罩网验证试验。[结果]在供试药剂中,2.5%高效氟氯氰菊酯EC、90%灭多威DP和40%毒死蜱EC三种药剂室内防治效果最佳,用药24 h后防效均达到85%以上。3种药剂不同剂量防效试验显示,在用药24 h后各剂量之间无显著性差异。盆栽罩网试验防治效果与室内试验结果基本一致,但2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EC和90%灭多威速杀性及持效性均高于40%毒死蜱EC。[结论]建议在生产上选择2.5%高效氟氯氰菊酯EC制剂用量135 mL/hm2或90%灭多威DP制剂用量180 g/hm2防治双斑长跗萤叶甲。     

酸性电解水和精细泡沫融合的高效杀菌技术

本文介绍了酸性电解水和精细泡沫的特点,以及融合了两种技术的电解水装置"Aqua fine premium~?酸性"的技术特征,最后评价了"Aqua fine premium~?酸性"在食品厂的杀菌性能。     

椰心叶甲的危害及其生物防治研究

综述了椰心叶甲(Brontispa longissima)的危害状况及其生物防治研究进展,总结了天敌昆虫、昆虫病原微生物、生物源杀虫剂及转基因毒蛋白在防治椰心叶甲中的作用,探讨了目前椰心叶甲(B.longissima)生物防治中存在的问题及今后的生物防治策略。     

30%醚菌酯可湿性粉剂防治甜瓜白粉病和梨黑星病药效试验

2001年用30％醚菌酯可湿性粉剂进行防治甜瓜白粉病和梨黑星病的田间药效试验，结果表明该药剂对两种病害具有良好的防治效果，优于常规药剂。     

利用电解水两步法从泥炭中提取腐植酸的研究

目前，国内外一般采用烧碱提取腐植酸，该法存在诸多缺点。电解水是具有杀菌除臭、活化氧化作用，经济环保、容易制备的特殊功能性用水。本研究首次采用酸性电解水预处理、碱性电解水提取的两步法，设计多组实验，分析两步法对泥炭的提取效果和规律。确定了电解水NaCl初始浓度5％，酸炭比10：1，碱炭比15：1，反应温度40℃，反应时间3h的最佳工艺条件。分析了该方法的实用价值，为工业化应用提供了参考。     

防治玉米田双斑长跗萤叶甲杀虫剂室内筛选及田间防效试验

[目的]筛选出防治双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫的低毒、高效药剂。[方法]采用浸虫法筛选12种杀虫剂防治双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫的室内活性,并通过大田试验进一步验证。[结果]室内筛选结果表明:呋虫胺的杀虫活性最高,在24、48 h的LC50值分别为0.5026、0.2159 mg/L;联苯菊酯、噻虫嗪、高效氯氟氰菊酯、啶虫脒、吡虫啉和毒死蜱对双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫的杀虫活性次之,苦参碱和蛇床子素24、48 h均无杀虫活性。田间防效试验表明:6种杀虫剂对双斑长跗萤叶甲均有较好的防治效果,其中高效氯氟氰菊酯和啶虫脒在药后7 d,防治效果达到100%。[结论]菊酯类和新烟碱类杀虫剂在室内生物活性和田间防效试验中对双斑长跗萤叶甲表现出优异防治效果,可在田间进一步推广使用。     

大田常用农药对椰心叶甲和椰甲截脉姬小蜂的选择毒性

测定了氯氰菊酯、啶虫脒和椰甲清3种杀虫剂对椰心叶甲幼虫及其寄生性天敌椰甲截脉姬小蜂成虫的相对毒力。3种药剂对椰心叶甲幼虫的毒力大小依次为氯氰菊酯〉啶虫脒〉椰甲清，其LC50分别为0．5495、7．8253、12．4537mg／L；对椰甲截脉姬小蜂成虫的毒力大小依次为啶虫脒〉椰甲清〉氯氰菊酯，其LC50分别为0．3555、4．1400、16．6648mg／L。氯氰菊酯、啶虫脒和椰甲清3种杀虫剂对椰心叶甲幼虫和椰甲截脉姬小蜂成虫的益害毒性比分别为30．3272、0．0454和0．3324。3种药剂在有效防治椰心叶甲的前提下对天敌椰甲截脉姬小蜂的安全性依次为氯氰菊酯〉啶虫脒〉椰甲清。     

25%吡蚜酮WP防治灰飞虱的效果评价

以常规药剂吡虫啉、噻嗪酮为对照药剂,对新型杀虫剂吡蚜酮不同剂量防治麦田灰飞虱的效果进行了试验。结果表明：每667m^2用25％吡蚜酮WP 20g,即可达到防治灰飞虱成虫和若虫的很好效果,尤其对灰飞虱成虫效果更佳,药后1d即达到控制危害的效果,高效可一直维持到14d以上,是防治灰飞虱、控制条纹叶枯病蔓延的理想药剂。     

酸性氧化电位水降解偏二甲肼废水研究

研究酸性氧化电位水对偏二甲肼(UDMH)降解的作用,考查了影响酸性氧化电位水降解UDMH效果的相关因素。实验结果表明:初始质量浓度为150mg/L的UDMH废水,当其与酸性氧化电位水体积比为1:4、反应时间为1.5min、反应温度为19℃时,UDMH降解率可达94.8%。     

钾基碱性电解水对粉煤灰混凝土性能的影响

碱性电解水具有高活性、强碱性、强离子性和吸附性等优点。利用碱性电解水作为拌合水制备不同取代率的粉煤灰混凝土,系统研究碱性电解水对粉煤灰混凝土的工作性能、力学性能和抗氯离子渗透性能的影响,并结合X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和差热分析试验(TG/DTA)分析碱性电解水混凝土的水化产物及微观结构形貌。结果表明:碱性电解水能够促进混凝土中水泥早期水化反应,改善混凝土的工作性能,除了生成更多的C-S-H凝胶体和Ca(OH)₂等水化产物外,还生成了钾长石,降低了孔隙率,提高结构密实度,改善了混凝土的力学性能和抗渗性能;同时,碱性电解水在一定程度上可以激发粉煤灰的早期活性效应,使得粉煤灰玻璃体网络结构加速断裂,粉煤灰中的SiO₂和Al₂O₃大量溶出与混凝土中的水化产物Ca(OH)₂发生二次反应,生成更多的硅酸钙和铝酸钙等胶凝性产物。相较于普通自来水混凝土,当粉煤灰取代率为20%和30%(质量分数)时,碱性电解水混凝土的56 d抗压强度分别增长了8.7%和3.5%。     

不同pH值碱性电解水对砂浆工作性能和强度的影响

碱性电解水具有强碱性、高活性、离子性和吸附性等优点,本文利用不同pH值(9.5、10.5、11.5)的碱性电解水制备粉煤灰砂浆,并在粉煤灰取代率为0%、15%及30%(质量分数)的条件下,系统研究了不同pH值碱性电解水对粉煤灰砂浆的工作性能、力学性能以及Ca(OH)₂等水泥水化产物含量的影响规律,并利用XRD、SEM等微观试验对比分析了不同pH值的粉煤灰净浆的结构组成和微观形貌特征。试验结果表明:随着pH值的提高,相较于普通自来水粉煤灰砂浆,碱性电解水粉煤灰砂浆的流动度、抗压强度和抗折强度逐渐提高,水化产物Ca(OH)₂含量逐渐降低。当碱性电解水pH值为10.5,粉煤灰取代率为15%时,碱性电解水粉煤灰砂浆的早期强度和流动度的改善效果达到最佳,28 d的抗压强度和抗折强度较普通水砂浆分别提高了8.4%和12.5%。同时,相较于普通自来水净浆,不同pH值的碱性电解水净浆的团簇化和颗粒化均表现得更加明显,这对于促进水泥水化进程,提高砂浆流动性,激发粉煤灰早期活性起到了积极作用,除了生成更多的C-S-H凝胶体和Ca(OH)₂等水化产物以外,还生成了钾长石等其他水化产物。     

Solubility enhancement of electrolyzed coal residues

Coal slurries were electrolyzed in acidic as well as basic electrolytes at different oxidizing potentials. The partially reacted coal residues were subjected to Soxhlet extraction with an equivolumetric mixture of benzene and ethanol for a period of 24 hours. The solvent-soluble organic part of coal was analyzed by GC-MS. Coal electrolyzed in acidic electrolytes became more accessible to extraction by the solvents used in the study. Electrolysis at 3.1 V vs. SCE (saturated calomel electrode) of a North Dakota lignite enhanced the solubility of coal in the benzene-ethanol mixture by a significant amount of 33%. Coal electrolysis in basic electrolytes at lower electrode potentials resulted in enhanced solubility of coal; however, at relatively large electrode potentials the yield of organic chemicals obtained by Soxhlet extraction declined.     

Comparison of Foliar Spray Efficacy of Electrolytically Ozonated Water and Acidic Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water for Controlling Powdery Mildew Infection on Cucumber Leaves

We investigated and compared the effects of foliar sprays of electrolytically ozonated water (OW) and acidic electrolyzed oxidizing water (AEOW) on severity of powdery mildew infection (PMI) and occurrence of visible physiological disorder on cucumber leaves. Foliar spray of OW contained severity of PMI to almost the same level as the initial value, without any visible physiological disorder. Although severity of PMI on AEOW-sprayed leaves was significantly lower than on OW-sprayed leaves, the leaves showed a visible physiological disorder after the first spray. These results indicate that OW is a viable option for controlling PMI on cucumber leaves at low initial severity levels, or for prevention of PMI, and that AEOW can be used for controlling PMI with special efforts taken against a visible physiological disorder.     

Stability and Oxidizing Effect of Membraneless Electrolyzed Water

Membraneless electrolyzed water (MLEW) is generated by electrolysis of dilute salt water solution without a membrane separating cathodic and anodic water. The stability of MLEW under different storage temperatures and pHs, as well as its lipid oxidizing effects have not been extensively studied. In this study, three storage temperatures and two pH conditions were used to study the stability of the water. MLEW's lipid degradation potential was investigated using two methods by measuring the degree of oxidation of lipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lipid oxidation in an emulsion model free of other interferences was conducted with MLEW containing 30, 50 and 100 mg L^?1 free chlorine (FC), and lipid oxidation in a salmon fish fillet was conducted by washing the fillet pieces with MLEW containing 100 mg L^?1 FC. We found that the MLEW was relatively stable in capped containers under both acidic and neutral pH during the 21‐day period. Although there was significant lipid oxidation in the emulsion system, and the extent of oxidation was FC concentration dependent, we did not observe significantly more lipid oxidation in fish treated with MLEW compared to the control (stored under 4 °C for 10 days). Therefore, we conclude that MLEW may be used as a disinfectant in commercial operations without causing significant lipid oxidation and rancidity generation in foods.     

电解水预处理对玉米秸秆和柳枝稷酶解产糖的研究

预处理是利用生物质原料制备燃料乙醇的工艺过程中至关重要的一步。以电解水为介质对玉米秸秆和柳枝稷进行预处理,考察了不同预处理条件对这两种生物质酶催化水解性能的影响。玉米秸秆预处理试验条件为:165、180和195℃;10、20和30 min。柳枝稷预处理试验条件为:170、185和200℃;5、15和25 min。结果表明,电解水预处理法针对不同的生物质有较好的处理效果,在玉米秸秆和柳枝稷的试验中,分别获得了83%和67%的纤维素转化率。同时,电解水预处理过程中,木糖只有在较高温度(195℃和200℃)时,才发生明显的降解。HPLC检测表明预处理过程中生成的发酵抑制物较少。     

两种酸性污水在过磷酸钙生产中的回收利用

提出了一种在湿法磷酸和过磷酸钙生产中,利用磷矿粉中的少量碳酸盐中和处理磷肥厂氟硅酸钠母液和硫酸厂稀酸,达到全部代替清水调磷矿浆,既解决了污水污染,又节约了硫酸资源。通过计算说明可做到酸碱平衡和水平衡,实现污水零排放,并分析了回收利用酸性污水带来的经济效益。     

高浓度电泳油漆废水治理新方法

高浓度电泳油漆废水是ＣＯＤ浓度高、含粘性浮物且可生化性差的有机废水。采用先对其进行酸性转化凝聚处理，再与低浓度废水混合后进行碱性凝聚处理的组合工艺，可实现达标治理。此去ＣＯＤ去除率高（９６％－９７％）药剂费用低、污泥量少且可利用。     

Mixed bed de-ionisation by weak electrolyte ion-exchange resins regenerated in situ by carbon dioxide

It has been shown that phenol-carboxylic types of weakly acidic cation exchangers have significant salt-splitting characteristics, which improve the kinetics of a mixed bed composed of weakly dissociated ion-exchange resins. This system seems to be effective for de-ionisation of high-salinity water and has produced water of suitable quality and sufficient break-through capacity. It was demonstrated that weak electrolyte ion-exchange resins in a mixed bed can be regenerated with water saturated with carbon dioxide with possible re-use of the gas.