NiMo/ZrO2-Al2O3柴油深度加氢脱硫催化剂的研究

以ZrOCl₂·8H₂O和Al₂O₃为原料,采用包覆法制备了一系列不同ZrO₂含量的ZrO₂-Al₂O₃复合载体,并用等体积浸渍法负载活性金属,制备了相应的NiMo/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃加氢脱硫催化剂,以柴油为原料考察了催化剂的加氢脱硫活性,利用XRD、N₂吸附和UV-Vis DRS等技术对催化剂及载体的基本物性进行了表征。结果表明,在催化剂载体中引入适量的ZrO2,保持了Al₂O₃载体的孔道结构,降低了活性金属和载体的相互作用,有利于提高催化剂的柴油加氢脱硫活性,当载体中ZrO₂质量分数为10%时,催化剂表现出最高的催化活性,脱硫率达99.25%,产品中硫低于10 μg·g^－1,满足柴油欧-Ⅳ的硫含量标准。     

铵矾溶液喷雾热解制备Al2O3微粉过程中粉体形貌及组成的变化

以铵矾为原料 ,采用喷雾干燥结合煅烧热解工艺制得粒径 (d₅₀ )为 5 .82 μm的球形度良好的Al₂ O₃ 微粉 .利用DTA -TG、XRD、SEM及能谱分析研究了喷雾、干燥、热解 3个阶段所得粉体的形貌及组成的变化过程 .喷雾干燥制备的粉体 ,经进一步烘干、煅烧后 ,发生脱水、颗粒分离、热解和收缩 ,粒径不断减小 .煅烧热解所得Al₂ O₃ 微粉的晶型取决于热解温度和时间 ,1370℃煅烧 2h可获得结晶度良好的球形α -Al₂ O₃ 微粉     

铵矾溶液喷雾热解制备Al2O3微粉过程中粉体形貌及组成的变化

以铵矾为原料 ,采用喷雾干燥结合煅烧热解工艺制得粒径 (d₅₀ )为 5 .82 μm的球形度良好的Al₂ O₃ 微粉 .利用DTA -TG、XRD、SEM及能谱分析研究了喷雾、干燥、热解 3个阶段所得粉体的形貌及组成的变化过程 .喷雾干燥制备的粉体 ,经进一步烘干、煅烧后 ,发生脱水、颗粒分离、热解和收缩 ,粒径不断减小 .煅烧热解所得Al₂ O₃ 微粉的晶型取决于热解温度和时间 ,1370℃煅烧 2h可获得结晶度良好的球形α -Al₂ O₃ 微粉     

引入Al2O3对SO42-/ZrO2固体超强酸的影响

用共沉淀法制备了一系列对SO₄^2-/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂,详细研究了添加Al₂O₃对SO₄^2-/ZrO₂超强酸样品的晶化、比表面、硫含量、超强酸性和正丁烷异构化反应的影响。添加Al₂O₃会延迟ZrO₂的晶化和晶相转变,增强SO₄^2-/ZrO₂体系的超强酸性和正丁烷异构化反应的活性、稳定性。     

氧化铝粉体在水悬浮液中的分散特性研究

采用Zeta电位表征Al_2O_3粉在悬浮液中的分散特性,研究了超声波分散时间、不同粒度Al_2O_3粉以及分散剂六偏磷酸钠的浓度和Al_2O_3粉体悬浮液pH值对Al_2O_3粉体Zeta电位的影响.研究结果表明:Zeta电位绝对值随超声波作用时间发生明显变化,在一定条件下存在一个最佳分散时间为4～6 min;悬浮液中Al_2O_3粉体颗粒的粒度对悬浮液的Zeta电位有重要影响;在Al_2O_3粉体悬浮液中添加分散剂六偏磷酸钠,Zeta电位随其浓度发生变化,存在一个最佳浓度0.5%;在不同pH值下,Al_2O_3粉体悬浮液的Zeta电位不同,在碱性条件下,粉体的分散性较好,且碱性越强,分散性越好.     

Pd/Al2O3催化剂上CH4选择性还原NO的研究

考察了Pd/Al₂O₃、In/Al₂O₃和Co/Al₂O₃对甲烷选择性还原NO的催化活性。结果表明，采用浸渍法制备的Pd/Al₂O₃、In/Al₂O₃和Co/Al₂O₃三种催化剂，在有氧气氛下，用CH₄作还原剂催化还原NO时，Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂的活性最佳，热稳定性好，在550 ℃，用CH₄选择还原NO，Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂表现出较强的催化能力，NO的转化率达到100%。在高空速实验中，该催化剂亦表现出较高的活性，其活性顺序为Pd/Al₂O₃>In/Al₂O₃>Co/Al₂O₃。实验研究了助催化剂、氧含量以及空速对Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂活性的影响。     

Ce1-xCuxO2-x/Al2O3催化剂的制备及其甲烷催化燃烧性能

以γ-Al₂O₃为载体，采用共浸渍法制备了负载型Ce_1-xCu_xO_2-x/Al₂O₃催化剂（x=0～1）以及不同Ce_0.2Cu_0.8O_1.2含量的Ce_0.2Cu_0.8O_1.2/Al₂O₃催化剂，采用XRD、TPR等现代分析测试手段对催化剂的结构进行了表征，评价了催化剂的甲烷催化燃烧性能.结果表明，Ce_1-xCu_xO_2-x/Al₂O₃催化剂中Ce和Cu的摩尔比显著影响催化剂的催化性能，在载体γ-Al₂O₃表面，Ce和Cu形成了固溶体，从而提高了Cu的分散性，改变了Ce和Cu的氧化还原性能，提高了催化剂的甲烷催化燃烧性能，并且Ce和Cu之间存在着协同作用.     

Al2O3纳米颗粒对氨水鼓泡吸收过程的强化影响

在试制出了性能稳定的Al₂O₃纳米流体的基础上,通过定氨气流量和定入口压力两种实验方案,验证了Al₂O₃纳米颗粒对氨水吸收过程的强化影响,同时找出了引起强化吸收的两个主要影响因素：纳米流体性能的稳定性和吸收器入口与吸收器内气相界面的压力差。在添加十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）的情况下,可以获得性能稳定而具有强化吸收效果的Al₂O₃纳米流体,尽管SDBS本身对Al₂O₃纳米流体强化吸收具有抑制作用。较大的压力差下Al₂O₃纳米流体在吸收开始阶段就表现出强化吸收效果。随着氨水浓度的增加,氨水对氨气的吸收潜力减小,而Al₂O₃纳米流体对氨水溶液强化吸收的效果更加明显。对强化现象的可能机理给出了合理解释,为纳米流体对传热传质强化研究提供参考。     

新型Al2O3掺杂的SrCo0.8Fe0.2O3-δ混合导体透氧膜材料的性能

采用固相反应法制备了Al₂O₃掺杂的SrCo_0.8Fe_0.2O_3-δ(SCFA)新型钙钛矿型混合导体材料.对材料进行的结构分析表明,Al³⁺离子进入SrCo_0.8Fe_0.2O_3-δ(SCF)晶胞间隙位,降低了材料的氧非化学计量系数,并有效提高了材料的结构稳定性;对不同厚度的SCFA3［Al₂O₃掺杂量为3%（质量）］片式膜的氧渗透性能测定结果表明,SCFA3膜的氧渗透过程受到表面交换过程和体扩散过程的共同影响,其临界厚度约为131.5 μm;二氧化碳热分解(TDCD)耦合甲烷部分氧化(POM)膜反应过程（反应温度1173 K）表明,Al₂O₃掺杂的SrCo_0.8Fe_0.2O_3-δ较SrCo_0.4Fe_0.2O_3-δ (SCFZ) 具有更加优异的稳定性.     

铜锰氧化物水煤气变换催化剂的还原与催化性能

以CuSO₄·5H₂O和MnSO₄·H₂O为前驱物,NaOH为沉淀剂,选用共沉淀工艺,添加Al₂O₃、BaO+Al₂O₃、ZrO₂+Al₂O₃或CeO₂+Al₂O₃粉末作为催化助剂,制备了4种铜锰氧化物水煤气高温变换催化剂。X射线衍射分析表明,4种铜锰氧化物催化剂的主要化学成分为氧化铜和氧化锰系化合物以及锰钡、铜锰和铜锰铝复合氧化物;在催化水煤气变换反应(WGSR)后,4种铜锰氧化物的化学成分发生了变化。H2还原实验结果表明,在4种铜锰氧化物中,添加ZrO₂+Al₂O₃的铜锰氧化物H₂还原效率最好;而添加CeO₂+Al₂O₃的铜锰氧化物H2还原效率最小。对WGSR出口气中CO体积分数进行对比分析可知,分别添加Al₂O₃和CeO₂+Al₂O₃铜锰氧化物催化剂的变换活性较好。     

沉淀法SiO2包覆纳米CaCO3吸附剂性能

以CO₂为沉淀剂,Na₂SiO₃为硅源,制备了SiO₂包覆纳米CaCO₃吸附剂。TEM测试证实纳米CaCO₃表面包覆一层SiO₂膜, 用SEM & EDX 测试5个包硅样品Si含量为0.67%～4.93%。采用TGA考察吸附剂的分解温度及600℃、20% CO₂条件下的吸附性能。结果表明：采用CO₂沉淀法包覆SiO₂后,与未包硅的纳米CaCO₃相比,分解温度降低9～42℃。纳米SiO₂/CaCO₃吸附剂的循环吸附率、吸附容量、吸附速率均随Si含量的减小先增加后降低。Si含量为1.05%的纳米SiO₂/CaCO₃吸附剂显示最佳吸附性能,第1、5次循环吸附容量分别为8.9、6.0 mol·kg^-1,与未包覆SiO2的纳米CaCO₃相比,分别提高11%、50%,同时在第5次循环快反应段吸附速率较纳米CaCO₃提高10%。与纳米CaCO₃相比,包硅后的吸附剂具有较高的吸附容量和循环吸附率,循环稳定性较好。     

单分散纳米氧化锑的研制

以三氯化锑为原料,通过醇解、水解反应,表面活性剂处理,制备了单分散纳米Sb₂O₃,利用因素轮换法和正交试验,系统地研究了各种因素和水平对于制备单分散纳米Sb₂O₃的影响,利用沉降法和透射电镜研究了作为分散剂使用的表面活性剂的种类和用量对纳米Sb2O3的形态和粒径影响.结果表明,制备单分散纳米Sb₂O₃最佳条件是反应温度为318 K,醇化时间为1 h,SbCl₃在无水乙醇中的浓度为0.17 g•ml^-1;表面活性剂对分散和稳定纳米Sb2O3具有重要作用,用1.0 ml的聚乙二醇-400或0.3 g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵处理1g纳米Sb₂O₃,可以得到单分散的平均粒径约为25 nm的Sb₂O₃.     

The preparation of Cu-coated Al2O3 composite powders by electroless plating

Cu-coated Al₂O₃ composite powders were synthesized by using the electroless plating method. The influence of the components proportion and the pH value of the plating solution on the Cu layer were analyzed with XRD and SEM. The results showed that the proportion of the plating solution components plays an important role for synthesizing the Al₂O₃/Cu composite powders. The content of copper in the composite powders could be effectively controlled by adjusting the content of copper sulfate and formaldehyde in the plating solution. Furthermore, the pretreatment of the Al₂O₃ powders is also a key factor to form a uniform Cu layer coating Al₂O₃ particles. The optimum technical parameters for producing Al₂O₃/Cu composite powders with uniform Cu coat were obtained.     

超声波及压力处理的TiO2柱撑蒙脱土的制备与光催化性能

引言 近十多年来,随着环境污染日益严重,利用半导体粉末作为光催化剂催化氧化降解有机物的研究已成为热点[1].TiO2作为典型N型半导体光催化剂,由于活性高、化学稳定性好以及对人体无害等特点,成为理想的环保型光催化剂[2].     

Effect of Polyacrylic Acid Addition on Rheology of SiC‐Al2O3‐ZrO2(3Y) Mixed Suspensions

A suspension with good rheology and high stability is crucial for slip casting and gelcasting technology. However, a mixed suspension from two or more different powders usually has bad rheology because of the easy agglomeration of mixed powders caused by the attractive force between the powders with heterocharges. We studied the surface modification of the each single‐component powders (SiC, Al₂O₃, ZrO₂(3Y) powders) and the SiC‐Al₂O₃‐ZrO₂(3Y) mixed powders to increase the repulsive force by adjusting the pH value and adding polyacrylic acid (PAA) as dispersant. The PAA addition effects on the SiC‐Al₂O₃‐ZrO₂(3Y) mixture were investigated in terms of zeta potential, pH range for heterocharge region, dispersion of the mixed powders and rheology of the mixed slurry based on the study of each unary suspensions. The results show that before surface modification the SiC‐Al₂O₃‐ZrO₂(3Y) mixed powders were agglomerated severely because they were in the heterocharge region with a broad pH range from 3.5 to 8.25, while after surface modification (pH = 10.5, PAA = 0.8wt%) the heterocharge region was narrowed with a relatively narrower pH range from 2.6 to 3.7. The mixed powders with homocharges were dispersed well because of the great electrostatic repulsive force and steric hindrance offered by PAA and the mixed suspensions had favorable rheology.     

H2O2沉淀铝酸钠溶液法制备大孔容纳米γ-Al2O3纤维粒子

采用H₂O₂沉淀铝酸钠溶液和乙醇分散并洗涤沉淀相结合的方式成功地制备出了大孔容纳米γ-Al₂O₃纤维.运用XRD、FT-IR、TG-DSC、TEM、BET和压汞法对比研究了水洗和乙醇分散并洗涤两种沉淀处理方式对产物结构、形貌和织构性质的影响.结果表明,乙醇洗涤产物γ-Al₂O₃纤维的直径约为10 nm,长度约在100 nm以上,孔容和比表面分别为2.23 ml•g^-1和222.0 m²•g^-1,而水洗γ-Al₂O₃的二次粒子无固定形状,孔容和比表面仅为0.37 ml•g^-1和162.3 m²•g^-1.乙醇洗涤时形成的CH₃CH₂O—基不仅使γ-Al₂O₃前驱物拟薄水铝石晶粒定向生长成纤维,还阻止了相邻颗粒表面之间因Al—O—Al键形成而产生的硬团聚.     

Sintering of Al2O3-SiC composite from sol-gel method with MgO, TiO2 and Y2O3 addition

Al₂O₃-SiC composite ceramics were prepared by pressureless sintering with and without the addition of MgO, TiO₂ and Y₂O₃ as sintering aids. The effects of these compositional variables on final density and hardness were investigated. In the present article at first α-Al₂O₃ and β-SiC nano powders have been synthesized by sol-gel method separately by using AlCl₃, TEOS and saccharose as precursors. Pressureless sintering was carried out in nitrogen atmosphere at 1600 °C and 1630 °C. The addition of 5 vol.% SiC to Al₂O₃ hindered densification. In contrast, the addition of nano MgO and nano TiO₂ to Al₂O₃-5 vol.% SiC composites improved densification but Y₂O₃ did not have positive effect on sintering. Maximum density (97%) was achieved at 1630 °C. Vickers hardness was 17.7 GPa after sintering at 1630 °C. SEM revealed that the SiC particles were well distributed throughout the composite microstructures. The precursors and the resultant powders were characterized by XRD, STA and SEM.     

负载型K2CO3/Al2O3二氧化碳吸收剂的碳酸化反应特性

The carbonation characteristics of K₂CO₃/Al₂O₃ supported sorbent for CO₂ capture was investigated with thermogravimetric apparatus（TGA）,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy analysis（SEM）and N₂ adsorption.The results showed that the carbonation rate of K₂CO₃ before being loaded on Al₂O₃ was slow.However,the K₂CO₃/Al₂O₃ upported sorbent showed excellent carbonation performance.The difference in carbonation behavior between K₂CO₃ nd K₂CO₃/Al₂O₃ supported sorbent was analyzed from the microscopic view.The analytical reagent K₂CO₃ sample was of monoclinic crystal structure and could react quickly with H₂O in the experimental carbonation environment to produce K₂CO₃•1.5H₂O,which was unfavorable to carbonation reaction.When K₂CO₃was loaded on Al₂O₃,the surface area and porosity of the sorbent was improved greatly.So the carbonation properties of the K₂CO₃/Al₂O₃ supported sorbent was also improved.     

Preparation and evaluation of a nanocomposite of polythiophene with Al2O3

The polymerization of thiophene (TP), in bulk and in solution in CHCl₃ by FeCl₃ resulted in the formation of a polymer which was characterized by FTIR as polythiophene (PTP). High yield was realized in the latter case. The polymerization of TP with FeCl₃ and nanodimensional Al₂O₃ resulted in the formation of a nanocomposite which was partly dispersible in aqueous and non‐aqueous media. The dispersibility appeared to be higher when the polymerization was conducted in a suspension containing a higher amount of Al₂O₃. Scanning electron micrographs showed globular particles and the presence of clusters of composite particles. Transmission electron micrographic (TEM) analyses revealed the particle size of the composite to be in the range 22–74 nm. Thermal analyses (TG/DTA) revealed the outstanding stability of PTP–Al₂O₃ composites compared to that of PTP. The conductivity of PTP and of PTP–Al₂O₃ composite was of the order of 10^?3 S cm^?1 for samples doped with I₂. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

铜铁尾矿制酸烧渣制备纳米Fe/SiO2核壳复合粒子的微波吸收性能

以铜铁尾矿制酸烧渣为原料,经熟化、酸浸、还原和净化等步骤制备亚铁离子;在乙醇-水液相体系中,以NaBH₄作为还原剂,反应生成纳米Fe粒子;最后通过正硅酸四已酯（TEOS）水解包覆制得纳米Fe/SiO₂核壳复合粒子。产物分别采用XRD、TEM、IR等手段进行表征。进一步地,使用矢量网络分析仪在2.0 ~ 18.0 GHz波段内来研究样品的吸波性能。结果表明,IR光谱上在1389 cm^-1和878 cm^-1分别出现对应于四配位Si—O键和Si—O—Fe键的特征吸收峰,说明在Fe粒子表面包覆有SiO₂。通过测试计算得知,当吸波样品厚度为4.5 mm时,其微波吸收性能在17.2 GHz处达到最小值-39.0 dB。由此可见,以铜铁尾矿制酸烧渣为原料,可制得吸波性能优良的纳米Fe/SiO₂核壳复合粒子微波吸收材料。