Pickering HIPEs模板构建多孔聚合物的研究进展

对近年来Pickering(high internal phase emulsions,HIPEs)模板法制备多孔聚合物的工作进行了总结,阐述了Pickering HIPEs模板的形成机理和影响稳定性的因素,介绍了多孔材料(Poly HIPEs)的形貌控制和改性的有效手段,初步探讨了Poly HIPEs的应用现状和前景。Pickering HIPEs模板法具有乳液稳定性好、形成过程环境友好、获得的多孔聚合物孔结构易控制等优点,有望应用于工业催化、能源转化、生物医学和化工分离等领域。     

稳定Pickering高内相乳液的纳米粒子及材料功能化

高内相乳液(HIPEs)模板法因其可精确调控孔结构、操作简便等优点而被广泛应用于制备多孔材料。具有两亲性的固体粒子(NPs)可吸附在乳液的油水两相的界面稳定HIPEs,在多孔材料的制备过程中起着不可或缺的作用。近年来,NPs的作用不仅限于乳液的稳定,还可对多孔材料进行功能化。本文总结了包括改性NPs在内的常用NPs的种类,即无机粒子、生物相容性粒子、碳粒子、胶体粒子,介绍了不同NPs对HIPEs稳定性的影响及其引入后赋予多孔材料的功能化特点(生物相容性、导电性、刺激响应性、选择吸附性)。     

致孔剂对PS/MTQ多孔材料结构及性能的影响

以苯乙烯(St)为单体,含甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基的有机硅树脂(MTQ)为交联剂,甲苯为致孔剂,采用高内相乳液(HIPEs)模板法制备了PS/MTQ多孔聚合物材料。研究了致孔剂用量对PS/MTQ多孔材料孔结构及吸脱附性能的影响。结果表明,致孔剂对多孔材料泡孔及互通孔尺寸影响较为显著。     

多孔石墨烯材料的制备研究进展

多孔石墨烯材料结合了多孔材料与石墨烯的优点,因其比表面积大、孔结构独特、组成多样、导电性能优异等特点,逐渐成为了石墨烯材料领域的研究热点。因此,为了实现大规模合成高性能的多孔石墨烯材料,本文阐述了多孔石墨烯的制备原理并对多孔石墨烯材料的典型制备方法进行了总结,讨论了各种制备方法存在的优缺点,以及多孔石墨烯材料具备的优势与不足。基于现有的多孔石墨烯制备技术以及对未来发展需求的展望,多孔石墨烯材料的制备及调控将达到分子水平,并且将展现更加巨大的应用潜力。     

铸型炭化法制备多孔炭材料的研究进展

铸型炭化法开辟了多孔炭材料制备研究的一个全新领域,近年来已成为能够最有效控制多孔炭材料结构的方法。本文概述了传统方法制备多孔炭材料的不足,重点综述了以硅胶、黏土、沸石和中孔硅分子筛为铸型制备多孔炭材料的最新研究进展,展望了铸型炭的应用前景,最后指出了铸型炭化法在制备多孔炭领域尚待开展的研究工作。     

高内相乳液模板法多孔材料的研究进展

综述了高内相乳液模板法多孔材料的的制备方法,介绍了高内相乳液模板法多孔材料的应用,并展望了该类材料的研究前景和潜在应用。     

生物质基多孔材料在保温材料中的研究进展

环保、节能、高效是保温材料未来的主要研究方向, 开发以生物质为原料的保温材料是未来趋势。生物质基多孔材料是指以可再生的生物质为前驱体制备的多孔材料, 其原料来源广, 制备方法多样, 具有孔隙率高、密度小、质量轻等优异特点, 在保温领域有很大的应用潜力。本文概述了多孔材料的保温机理, 并综述了近几年国内外对纤维素基、淀粉基、壳聚糖基、植物蛋白基多孔材料的研究, 重点介绍了表面活性剂发泡法、冷冻干燥法、致孔剂法、模具热压法、溶剂交换相分离法等在生物质基多孔材料制备中的应用。分析了生物质多孔材料存在的问题, 并对多孔保温材料未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

聚乳酸及其共聚物制备医用多孔材料的研究进展(Ⅱ)

回顾了1998～2001年聚乳酸及其共聚物制备可生物降解医用多孔支架材料技术的发展,比较了改进前后的多孔材料制备方法以及所制备材料的差异,并对所制备多孔支架材料的应用性能进行了比较.     

层状硅酸盐多孔材料研究现状(英文)

层状硅酸盐是制备多孔材料的优良原料,本文介绍了层状硅酸盐的结构特点,综述了层状硅酸盐多孔材料的水热合成法、结构重排法等制备方法,探讨了该类多孔材料的应用研究现状,并对其进行了对比分析。在跟踪国内外新近研究成果的基础上,提出了若干研究内容或方向。     

多孔液体新型材料研究及应用进展

多孔液体材料指的是内部单元分子具有稳定的、永久性的、形状固定的空腔结构的一类液体,它突破了多孔固体材料不具备流动性所带来的储存和应用等系列问题。本文回顾了多孔液体这一新型材料的研究背景,概述了其最新研究进展。依据多孔液体材料内部单元分子结构的不同将其分为两大类,并详细介绍了其分子结构特点与制备方法。对制备多孔液体材料的物质特性进行了归纳,阐述了多孔液体材料在气体吸附、气体分离、主客体化学等方面的应用进展。最后对其未来发展前景进行了展望,多孔液体材料有望应用于催化、石油化工、光电材料、生物学等领域,其合成和应用将成为人们研究的热点。     

Reactive Surfactants for Achieving Open-Cell PolyHIPE Foams from Pickering Emulsions

PolyHIPEs, highly porous polymers synthesized within high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs), emulsions with over 74% internal phase, are of interest for applications such as absorbents, reaction supports, and tissue engineering scaffolds. Typically, the surfactant contents for HIPE stabilization are relatively high, ranging from 20 to 30 wt% of the external phase, with the monomers usually being the remainder. One drawback of using surfactants for these applications is the potential for leachables, necessitating intensive purification processes for their removal. Pickering HIPEs, HIPEs stabilized using amphiphilic solid nanoparticles that spontaneously migrate to the oil–water interface, can be used as an alternative HIPE stabilization strategy. Although nanoparticles can add surface functionality advantageous for the application, polyHIPEs from Pickering HIPEs often lack the interconnecting holes needed for the high permeability required for such applications. This work describes a successful approach for designing an HIPE stabilization system that is based on a combination of nanoparticles and reactive surfactants and that generates the desired surface functionality, an interconnected porous structure, and a low leachable content. Such an approach can extend the applicative utility of such polyHIPEs by circumventing the need for extensive purification.     

Hydrophilic porous polymers based on high internal phase emulsions solely stabilized by poly(urethane urea) nanoparticles

Stable oil-in-water (o/w) Pickering high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) having an internal phase of up to 95 vol% were prepared with a low-energy emulsification method. A poly(urethane urea) (PUU) aqueous nanodispersion was used as aqueous phase. The PUU nanoparticles of the aqueous nanodispersion acted as a mechanical barrier, and prevented droplet coalescence in the Pickering HIPEs. In addition, open porous hydrophilic polymer foams were obtained by polymerization of the Pickering HIPEs, and the morphology of the foams were tailored by changing the oil:water ratio, PUU nanoparticle and NaCl concentrations. The method used herein provides a simple way to prepare morphology controlled hydrophilic polymer foams using o/w Pickering HIPEs as template.     

Preparation of organic/inorganic hybrid semi-interpenetrating network polymer electrolytes based on poly(ethylene oxide-co-ethylene carbonate) for all-solid-state lithium batteries at elevated temperatures

Organic/inorganic hybrid semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) polymer electrolytes (HIPEs) based on poly(ethylene oxide-co-ethylene carbonate) (PEOEC) have been developed for all-solid-state lithium battery applications. In comparison to those of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), salient features of the PEOEC are the amorphous nature and high dielectric constant, which provide enhanced ionic conductivity. The organic/inorganic hybrid network matrix in the HIPEs is composed of different contents of photo-cross-linked octa-functional POSS acrylate (OA-POSS) and ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (ETPTA). The effect of OA-POSS on solid-state electrolyte properties of the HIPEs is investigated in terms of the dimensional stability, thermal behavior, and ionic conductivity. Due to the presence of the rigid and bulky POSS moiety, the HIPEs exhibit improvement in ionic conductivity along with enhanced dimensional stability. The high capacity and good cycle performance of lithium batteries with the HIPEs demonstrate feasibility of applying the HIPEs to solid-state electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries that can operate at elevated temperatures.     

Preparation of acrylamide‐based poly‐HIPEs with enhanced mechanical strength using PVDBM‐b‐PEG‐emulsified CO2‐in‐water emulsions

Poly(vinyl acetate‐alt‐dibutyl maleate)‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PVDBM‐b‐PEG) copolymers were synthesized via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer radical polymerization and used as emulsifiers to form stable CO₂‐in‐water high internal phase emulsions (C/W HIPEs). Then, highly interconnected cellular polyacrylamide (PAM) and poly(acrylamide‐co‐N‐hydroxymethyl acrylamide) [P(AM‐co‐HMAM)] poly‐HIPEs with enhanced mechanical strength were prepared based on the stable C/W HIPEs. The porous structures of the PAM poly‐HIPEs, as well as morphology and compressive modulus, could be influenced by the surfactant concentration and the length of the CO₂‐philic tails of the surfactants. PAM poly‐HIPEs with the smallest average pore diameter (11.12 ± 0.62 μm) and the highest compressive modulus (22.65 ± 0.10 MPa) could be obtained by using the short CO₂‐philic chains of the PVDBM‐b‐PEG surfactant at a high concentration (1.0 wt %). Moreover, with the copolymerization of N‐hydroxymethyl acrylamide (HMAM) comonomers with acrylamide, the compressive modulus of the obtained P(AM‐co‐HMAM) poly‐HIPEs was three times higher than that of PAM poly‐HIPEs. Both PAM and P(AM‐co‐HMAM) poly‐HIPEs were employed as scaffolds to guide H9c2 cardiac muscle cellular growth. Fluorescence images showed that a smaller average pore size and a narrower pore‐size distribution were helpful for cell growth and proliferation on these materials. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46346.     

Efficient adsorption of oil by hydrophobic macroporous polymer synthesized with the emulsion template and magnetic particles on the surface

Fast development of oil industry and cargo distribution make accidental oil spills more possible in the course of transportation. Here we fabricated a hydrophobic macroporous phenol resin poly high internal phase emulsions (poly‐HIPEs) to adsorb oil pollution. To improve hydrophobic property and adsorption ability of the poly‐HIPEs, we adopted a facile way to modify the poly‐HIPEs that Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles act as magnetic particles to make the poly‐HIPEs magnetic and 1‐dodecanethiol as hydrophobic monomer grafted to the surface to strengthen the hydrophobicity with dopamine as the adhesive. As a result, we succeed in making the poly‐HIPEs superhydrophobic and their contact angle transforms from 107° to 150°. After the oil adsorption experiment, the adsorption capacity of the modified poly‐HIPEs is obviously better than the original poly‐HIPEs which is about ten times than original weight of material, what's more, the final products also have good recycle ability after ten times' employing, which makes it a promising candidate material for use in oil‐spill cleanups. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44731.     

Stability of surfactant-free high internal phase emulsions and its tailoring morphology of porous polymers based on the emulsions

Stable water-in-oil (w/o) high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) having an internal phase of up to 95 vol% were prepared. The poly(styrene-methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid) (P(St-MMA-AA)) copolymer particles were used as stabilizer. The HIPEs prepared with addition of copolymer particles to the aqueous phase were stabilized by copolymer particles initially, followed by the mixture of copolymer particles and copolymer as the particles eventually dissolves in the organic phase, and finally by only copolymer. Stable w/o HIPEs having an internal phase of up to 92 vol% were also formed with P(St-MMA-AA) copolymer dissolved in the organic phase as the sole stabilizer. Porous polymers (polyHIPEs) were prepared based on these two types of surfactant-free HIPEs. The morphology of the polyHIPEs, such as the surface roughness of the voids and average void diameter, were tailored by tuning the internal phase volume fraction, NaCl, copolymer, and crosslinker concentrations.     

Photopolymerised methacrylate-based emulsion-templated porous polymers

Highly porous and interconnected methacrylate-based porous materials were prepared by photopolymerisation of the continuous phase of high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) templates. The rapid cure afforded by photopolymerisation effectively ‘locks’ the emulsion morphology prior to emulsion destabilisation, in comparison to thermally-initiated HIPEs of similar compositions. Contrary to expectation, it was observed that fully cured photopolymerised polyHIPEs could be prepared with a thickness of up to 35 mm, despite the severe opacity of the parent emulsions. This is attributed to a photofrontal polymerisation process, where radicals generated on the surface propagate rapidly through the bulk of the emulsion. Homogeneous, well-defined polyHIPE materials of up to 95% nominal porosity were obtained by photopolymerisation of HIPEs containing up to 30 vol.% glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) in the monomer phase (the remaining monomers and crosslinker are acrylates). Surprisingly, poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEG-MA), a nonionic monomer that is miscible with both emulsion phases, could be added to such HIPEs after preparation. On polymerisation, hydrophilic, water-wettable porous materials were obtained. Finally, it was also demonstrated that all-methacrylate HIPEs could be prepared and cured to yield GMA-containing polyHIPEs. These findings demonstrate the versatility of photopolymerisation for the preparation of emulsion templated porous polymers.     

Porous polymers prepared via high internal phase emulsion polymerization for reversible CO2 capture

A series of porous polymers with different pore volumes, pore sizes, and crosslinking densities were synthesized by high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) polymerization. The crosslinked polymerized HIPEs (polyHIPEs) were formed by the copolymerization of 4-vinylbenzyl chloride and divinylbenzene using water droplets in conventional or Pickering HIPEs as the templates. These porous materials were further modified by quaternization and ion exchange to introduce quaternary ammonium hydroxide groups. The resulting polyHIPEs were utilized as sorbents for reversible CO₂ capture from air using the humidity swing. The effect of pore structure on the CO₂ adsorption and desorption processes was studied. The polyHIPEs containing large pores and interconnected porous structures showed improved swing sizes and faster adsorption/desorption kinetics of CO₂ compared to a commercial Excellion membrane with similar functional groups.     

Synthesis of β-myrcene-based macroporous nanocomposite foams: Altering the morphological and mechanical properties by using organo-modified nanoclay

Organo-modified nanoclay incorporated high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) were successfully used for the preparation of macroporous nanocomposite foams. Due to the aim of obtaining mechanically improved foams, HIPEs were prepared by using a monomer mixture composed of β-myrcene and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. Accordingly, two groups of macroporous nanocomposite foams were synthesized depending on the nanoclay type. The morphological analysis demonstrated that the pore openness of the resulting nanocomposites were significantly improved due to the decrease in the average cavity size and increase in the interconnected pore size. In terms of mechanical properties, it was found that filling 1 wt% of nanoclay which is surface modified by hydrogenated tallow lead to a 33% of increment in the compression modulus, as compared to the neat foam. However, loading 5 wt% of nanoclay having octadecylamine and aminopropyltriethoxysilane surface groups caused only 11% of increment in the compression modulus, as compared to the neat foam.     

Polymerised high internal phase emulsion cement hybrids: Macroporous polymer scaffolds for setting cements

We polymerised the continuous styrene/divinylbenzene monomer phase of high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) containing 70 vol.% cement slurry as internal phase to synthesise polymer cement hybrid materials. These novel cement containing poly(merised)HIPEs have an interconnected bi-phasic structure consisting of an interpenetrating network of set cement and polymer. Incorporating 14 wt.% of polymer into the cement resulted in an increased compressive strain to failure as compared to pure set cement but both elastic modulus and crush strength decreased. These novel polymer cement hybrid materials have a better chemical resistance against acetic acid then pure cement and showed also no shrinkage when exposed to xylene and dodecane.