PLC、触摸屏及安规测试仪在压缩机保压、安检测试中的应用

传统的冰箱压缩机保压、安检测试系统由工控机结合功能板卡、I／O板卡组成,系统易死机,故障率高,改造困难。针对工业电脑的缺陷,采用PLC主控制、触摸屏辅助控制及显示数据构成电气控制系统,与安规测试仪相结合使用。实践证明,该设计方案系统更稳定,精度更高,完全符合工厂生产要求。     

基于研华数据采集卡和MCGS组态软件的离子镀膜监控系统设计

利用MCGS组态软件和研华公司工控机数据采集板卡来架构离子镀膜设备的监控系统。采用MCGS组态软件进行监控系统软件开发,实现人机交互界面。数据采集卡通过ISA总线与工控机连接,利用采集卡的驱动程序完成各种模拟量、开关量的输入/输出。监控系统可以实现全工艺过程的自动控制、参数显示和故障自动诊断,提高了电弧离子镀膜设备运行的稳定性、精确性和可靠性。     

WinCC组态软件与下位机通讯方式的转换

正0前言乌兰察布中联水泥公司5000t/d生产线石灰石原料系统设计时采用独立中控系统。该系统上位机为WinCC 6.0组态软件,下位机为西门子S7-300CPU315-2DP PLC,采用CP5611通讯板卡按PROFI-BUS方式通讯。2014年12月,石灰石破碎系统在试车时中控无法与下位机通讯,为CP5611通讯板卡损坏。因无该备件,决定用现有一台CP343-1 lean以太网模块进行改造,使生产系统投入正常运行。     

Design of Ion-coating Monitoring System Based on Advantec Data Acquisition Card and MCGS Software

利用MCGS组态软件和研华公司工控机数据采集板卡来架构离子镀膜设备的监控系统.采用MCGS组态软件进行监控系统软件开发,实现人机交互界面.数据采集卡通过ISA总线与工控机连接,利用采集卡的驱动程序完成各种模拟量、开关量的输入/输出.监控系统可以实现全工艺过程的自动控制、参数显示和故障自动诊断,提高了电弧离子镀膜设备运行的稳定性、精确性和可靠性.     

赫优讯发布LowProfile型计算机工业通信板卡

德国赫优讯于近日正式发布LowProfile型PCIExpress接口计算机板卡cifX70E．进一步扩展了其cifX系列计算机通信板卡产品。该型号板卡具有半高（LowProfile）的设计，适用于安装在紧凑型IPC或HMI终端。     

基于LabVIEW的单片机与PC机串口通信显示系统设计

为了实现上位机与下位机通信,设计了基于Lab VIEW的单片机与PC机串口通信显示系统。系统的显示模块可直观地显示通信数据,并解决了串口通信与字符液晶显示时序冲突的问题。本系统可作为NI系列板卡的显示模块,具有实际工程应用价值。     

化工企业流量计检定数据采集措施研究

最开始采集流量计数据的方法和PLC系统的采集方法都存在种种弊端,本文针对化工企业中存在的以上问题,提出了行之有效的工业控制计算机内置板卡的采集措施,希望对流量计的广大用户有所帮助。     

基于MCGS组态软件的流向变换催化燃烧反应器监控系统设计

在系统地分析了用于清除低浓度有机物的流向变换催化燃烧反应装置的流程和设备特点的基础上，设计了一种基于MCGS组态软件的集中式监控系统。监控系统由工控机、相关的板卡和MCGS组态软件编制的软件构成。     

基于MCGS和PLC的草甘膦膜分离控制系统设计

设计构造了一个控制草甘膦膜分离的组态系统。该系统采用工业控制计算机作为上位机,下位机采用PLC,同时使用数据采集板卡和智能模块,将工控机与PLC二者优点结合,同时配合增压泵、切断阀、变频器在生产中使用。在MCGS组态环境中,开发草甘膦膜分离控制界面,对整个系统进行自动控制。     

基于LabVIEW的车身控制器功能测试系统设计

采用NI公司通用的模块化数字I/O、数据采集、CAN等硬件板卡和仪器,在LabVIEW8.5图形化编程语言平台,设计出车身控制器功能测试软件.文中对测试系统的软件、硬件的功能作了详细说明.     

Lipid soil removal from cotton fabric after mercerization and carboxymethylation finishing

Soiling and soil removal from cotton fabrics that had been chemically modified by mercerization and carboxymethylation were studied using electron microscopy and radiotracer techniques. The distribution of lard soil in specimens before and after laudering was determined by means of chemical tagging with osmium tetroxide. Both the chemical and physical changes of the cotton resulted in differences in soiling and soil removal of lipid soil. Mercerization and carboxymethylation of cotton swell the cotton fiber, decrease the crenulation and the lumen, and smooth the fiber surface. These finishes also increase the pore volume and thus the chemical accessibility of the fibrillar structure. In addition, carboxymethylation causes changes in the chemistry of the fiber by increasing the carboxyl group content. These structural changes reduce the amount of soil deposited in the lumen of the fiber, particularly for the carboxymethylated cotton. They also increase soil removal from the crenulation and the interfiber spaces in the yarn bundle. Soil removal from fiber surfaces and from within the fiber—both lumen and secondary wall—was highest for the carboxymethylated cotton, and mercerization also enhanced lipid soil removal. The results of this experiment indicate that chemical accessibility and hydrophilicity of the fiber structure influence both soil deposition and soil removal of lipid soils. Soil removal of these modified cottons is enhanced by multiple mechanisms: (i) the decrease in small crevices and the crenulation or small capillary along the fiber, (ii) the increase in pore volume that enhances chemical accessibility and thus detergency within the fiber structure, (iii) the increase in hydrophilicity that enhances soil removal from the surface by the roll-up mechanism, (iv) the increase of mechanical action due to enhanced swelling of the carboxymethylated cotton, and (v) the reduction of soil redeposition on carboxymethylated surfaces.     

The Body’s Cellular and Molecular Response to Protein-Coated Medical Device Implants: A Review Focused on Fibronectin and BMP Proteins

Recent years have seen a marked rise in implantation into the body of a great variety of devices: hip, knee, and shoulder replacements, pacemakers, meshes, glucose sensors, and many others. Cochlear and retinal implants are being developed to restore hearing and sight. After surgery to implant a device, adjacent cells interact with the implant and release molecular signals that result in attraction, infiltration of the tissue, and attachment to the implant of various cell types including monocytes, macrophages, and platelets. These cells release additional signaling molecules (chemokines and cytokines) that recruit tissue repair cells to the device site. Some implants fail and require additional revision surgery that is traumatic for the patient and expensive for the payer. This review examines the literature for evidence to support the possibility that fibronectins and BMPs could be coated on the implants as part of the manufacturing process so that the proteins could be released into the tissue surrounding the implant and improve the rate of successful implantation.     

聚焦结构、界面与多尺度问题,开辟化学工程的新里程

20世纪90年代以来,随着计算机技术和测量仪器的迅速发展,化学工程的研究水平日益提升,由经验规则的判断逐渐提高到计算机模拟量化分析. 化学工程的研究范围也日益扩大,下至纳微尺度结构与界面的观察与量化,上至宏观尺度设备与工厂的系统集成. 化学工程的服务对象也由化学工业扩展到冶金、材料、能源、环境、生物等诸多进行物质转化的过程工业. 目前化工科技界正在呼吁寻求继第一里程单元操作、第二里程传递过程和化学反应工程之后的第三里程. 化学工程中以往惯用的忽视非均匀多尺度结构和界面存在的平均方法是造成预测偏差和调控、放大困难的主要原因. 必须关注结构、界面和多尺度问题,研究多尺度结构、界面的量化预测理论和优化调控方法,建立多尺度结构、界面与"三传一反"的关系模型,与当代先进的计算方法、计算流体力学和计算机模拟相结合,有望解决化工过程与设备的优化调控与放大的难题,成为化学工程发展的新里程.     

不加热集油粘壁规律研究进展

随着国内石油开采进入中后期，采出液含水率高达70%～90%，油田集输能耗大大增加，这使得不加热集油工艺得以广泛应用。但凝油粘壁现象所引起的一系列流动保障问题受到了国内外研究者的广泛关注。本文重点阐述了国内外凝油粘壁的研究进展，对现阶段凝油粘壁规律的影响因素与相关研究成果作了总结与分析，介绍了粘壁规律的主要实验设备与研究方法，对国内外学者的实验情况作了概述。结合上述研究成果，总结了凝油粘壁的宏观规律、原油物性与组成的影响以及胶凝原油的影响，并认为凝油粘壁是动力学与热力学共同作用的结果。特别提出了对凝油粘壁温度的判别方法与经验关联式。最后给出了进一步开展凝油粘壁研究的建议与方向。这将对未来缓解与治理凝油粘壁问题与确保管道安全运行有着重要意义。     

A review of salting-out effect and sugaring-out effect: driving forces for novel liquid-liquid extraction of biofuels and biochemicals

Biofuels and bio-based chemicals are getting more and more attention because of their sustainable and renewable properties and wide industrial applications. However, the low concentrations of the targeted products in their fermentation broths, the complicated components of the broths and the high energy-intensive separation and purification process hinder the competitiveness of biofuels and biochemicals with the petro-based ones. Hence, the production and the separation of biofuels and bio-based chemicals in energy-saving, low-cost and greenness ways become hot topics nowadays. This review introduces the separation technologies (salting-out extraction, salting-out, sugaring-out extraction, and sugaring-out) that extract biobutanol, 1,3-propanediol, 2,3-butanediol, acetoin, organic acids and other bio-based chemicals from fermentation broths/aqueous solutions. Salting-out/sugaring-out extraction and salting-out/sugaring-out technologies display the high separating efficiency and the high targeted product yields. In addition, they are easy to operate and require low cost for separating products. Hence, they are the effective and potential technologies for separating targeted products in the wide industrial applications. The successful research into the salting-out/sugaring-out and salting-out/sugaring-out extraction not only affords biofuels and biochemical but also opens a door for the development of novel separation methods.     

A Simulation Model for Heat Pump Dryer Plants for Fruits and Roots.

Dryer design requires food properties, drying rate and mass-heat transfer coefficients. These values change continuously during drying due to changes in food fractions, particularly the water fraction. The high energy demand and costs allied to inefficient devices, creates a great need for new processing equipment. Along these guide-lines, several heat pump drying research projects were established at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The heat pump dryer provides high quality final product as its drying conditions can be controlled. Its efficiency and non-polluting operation come from closed air-refrigerant circuits and from its ability to fully recover the latent heat of moist air as it exits the drying chamber. Most of the above features are quite the opposite of the conventional dryer characteristics. Several experiments were made on heat pump drying of fruits and roots at temperatures from -22.5 to 40°C to obtain data and correlations on thermophysical properties, specific enthalpy and rehydration. Also, tests were done on drying rate, moisture content, drying constant, effective mass diffusivity and heat and mass transfer equations. The next important phase is the development of a simulation model to predict the performance and characteristics of the heat pump dryer plant. The objectives of the present work are to develop and lo test a heat pump dryer simulation model. The simulation provides results on the characteristics of both plant and components which are integrated by heat and mass transfer equations. The program has menus with click-on icons, input and output pop-up dialogue boxes. The usual commands such as, file-open, file-save, edit-delete are available in this program simply called Hpdryer. The model contains moist air psychrometric. natural and conventional refrigerant property libraries. Ammonia is a time-tested, self-alarming and natural refrigerant. It has been used extensively in the past, and it has better thermodynamic and transport properties than halocarbons. Safety is easily attained by design and its restrictive standards have helped increase its use in several countries. There are 36 ammonia installations in Norway and in the United Kingdom, including a drying plant. Ammonia has zero Odp, zero Gwp and the recent R&D has led to viable small-sale heat pump plants. Ammonia and dichlarodifluoromethane refrigerants were used in the test cases simulated by Hpdryer madel.     

木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料界面增容的研究进展

将木质素作为一种有机颗粒填料添加到热塑性塑料中,可解决造纸黑液资源化利用、石油原料日渐紧张以及环境污染加剧等严峻问题。而木质素与热塑性塑料之间相容性直接影响木质素在塑料工业中的应用与发展。首先简要概述了木质素结构与性质和木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料的性能分析,然后系统地阐述国内外研究木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料界面增容方法及其原理;增容方法按添加相容剂、改性木质素和改性塑料进行归类,并对3种增容方法进行比较分析;接着综述了木质素复合材料中增容方法的交叉复合使用;最后对未来木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料界面增容的研究方向以及思路进行了展望。     

油气集输过程中含油污泥减量化

集输过程中的含油污泥具有成分复杂、含液率高、乳化胶结稳定等特性，占油田危险废物新增量的约60%，是污染防治的重点。近年来，学者们开展了大量“调质-固液分离”减量化技术降低其环境风险和处置成本，但仍存在需要针对含油污泥不同来源优选相匹配的减量化调质方法和装置的难题。为此，本文回顾了氧化、破乳、絮凝、干化/半干、超声波、微波等化学与物理调质方法，离心机、叠螺机、压滤机3种固液分离装置研究进展，通过分别对各种调质方法及装置的对比分析，重点阐述了其作用机理、优缺点、适用对象。其中化学调质方法中破乳氧化、加酸更适用于高含聚油泥；表面活性剂破乳需加热，可与超声波相结合；有机和无机絮凝剂配合可提高罐底泥中油回收效果；干化/半干化法受经济效益制约。在文献基础上，认为未来应加强生物表面活性剂、生物电化学系统、椭圆叠螺机、基于固液分离装置数值模型基础上的设计与优化软件、多学科相结合的减量化耦合技术研究。     

沸石材料吸附水中放射性锶和铯的研究进展

放射性锶和铯是核工业生产过程中重要的核裂变产物,也是放射性废水中含量较多的放射性污染物,具有较长的半衰期和持续的生物毒性。本文综述了近几年国内外采用天然沸石、合成沸石和复合沸石吸附去除水中放射性锶、铯的研究进展。重点阐述了海藻酸盐、聚丙烯腈、炭材料以及磁改性金属与沸石构成的复合吸附材料对水中放射性锶、铯的吸附。复合沸石可以解决沸石粒径小、难分离、稳定性差等难题,强化了沸石的实用性。从吸附平衡时间、最大吸附容量、酸碱耐受度等方面归纳了沸石材料对水中放射性锶、铯的吸附特性,并分析总结了三类沸石的优缺点。最后,针对沸石材料在处理放射性锶、铯废水中的应用,展望了未来的研究方向,指出可以在降低原水浓度、开发组合工艺和加强模型模拟等方面的研究进行完善,从而推动沸石材料未来在工程技术领域的应用。     

A Simulation Model for Heat Pump Dryer Plants for Fruits and Roots.

ABSTRACT

Dryer design requires food properties, drying rate and mass-heat transfer coefficients. These values change continuously during drying due to changes in food fractions, particularly the water fraction. The high energy demand and costs allied to inefficient devices, creates a great need for new processing equipment. Along these guide-lines, several heat pump drying research projects were established at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The heat pump dryer provides high quality final product as its drying conditions can be controlled. Its efficiency and non-polluting operation come from closed air-refrigerant circuits and from its ability to fully recover the latent heat of moist air as it exits the drying chamber. Most of the above features are quite the opposite of the conventional dryer characteristics. Several experiments were made on heat pump drying of fruits and roots at temperatures from -22.5 to 40°C to obtain data and correlations on thermophysical properties, specific enthalpy and rehydration. Also, tests were done on drying rate, moisture content, drying constant, effective mass diffusivity and heat and mass transfer equations. The next important phase is the development of a simulation model to predict the performance and characteristics of the heat pump dryer plant. The objectives of the present work are to develop and lo test a heat pump dryer simulation model. The simulation provides results on the characteristics of both plant and components which are integrated by heat and mass transfer equations. The program has menus with click-on icons, input and output pop-up dialogue boxes. The usual commands such as, file-open, file-save, edit-delete are available in this program simply called Hpdryer. The model contains moist air psychrometric. natural and conventional refrigerant property libraries. Ammonia is a time-tested, self-alarming and natural refrigerant. It has been used extensively in the past, and it has better thermodynamic and transport properties than halocarbons. Safety is easily attained by design and its restrictive standards have helped increase its use in several countries. There are 36 ammonia installations in Norway and in the United Kingdom, including a drying plant. Ammonia has zero Odp, zero Gwp and the recent R&D has led to viable small-sale heat pump plants. Ammonia and dichlarodifluoromethane refrigerants were used in the test cases simulated by Hpdryer madel.