用于提高注水波及体积的抗盐聚合物

本研究设计并生产出了梳形结构KYPAM抗盐聚合物。室内研究和现场试验证明,用于聚合物驱,KYPAM抗盐聚合物的增粘性能明显优于聚丙烯酰胺;用于交联聚合物,达到相同凝胶强度,KYPAM抗盐聚合物用量比聚丙烯酰胺少1/3。     

耐温抗盐型聚丙烯酰胺研究进展

介绍了提高聚丙烯酰胺耐温抗盐性能的主要途径,综述了国内外耐温抗盐型聚丙烯酰胺的研究进展,指出了合成耐温抗盐单体共聚物和梳形聚合物是提高聚合物耐温抗盐性的有效途径.     

梳形抗盐聚合物的应用与研究进展

梳形抗盐聚合物KYPAM在大庆、胜利和华北油田的聚合物驱、三元复合驱和深部调驱现场应用中已取得很好的效果 ,各油田正在加大推广应用范围。进一步改进梳形抗盐聚合物的结构研究取得重大进展 ,增稠能力大幅度提高 ,进一步验证了梳形聚合物分子设计理论。     

双尾型丙烯酰胺类疏水缔合聚合物的合成与性能评价

为解决油田用丙烯酰胺类聚合物抗温、抗盐性能差的问题,以丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸及双尾型疏水单体N-苯乙基-N十二烷基甲基丙烯酰胺(PEDMAM)为主要原料,合成了一种新型疏水缔合聚合物(DTHAP-12)。采用KYPAM作为对比,研究了DTHAP-12的增黏性能、抗温抗盐能力和驱油性能,结果表明,聚合物的临界缔合质量浓度在2 400 mg/L左右,95℃聚合物的黏度保留率达72.39%,同时在一定的矿化度范围内表现出明显的盐增稠效应。岩心驱替实验表明,水驱至含水率为98%后,0.3 PV DTHAP-12驱及后续水驱的采收率提高了15.14%;聚合物驱第2段塞DTHAP-12采收率提高了10.53%,远远高于第2段塞KYPAM的3.28%。     

耐温抗盐型丙烯酰胺共聚物的研究进展

根据分子设计原理,耐温抗盐型丙烯酰胺共聚物分耐温、耐盐单体共聚物、两性共聚物、疏水缔合共聚物、多元组合共聚物和梳形聚合物。综述了丙烯酰胺共聚物的耐温、抗盐的机理,介绍了驱油用耐温、抗盐型丙烯酰胺共聚物的研究现状及发展趋势,指出了丙烯酰胺共聚物在耐温、抗盐性能方面改进的关键是引入某些特殊结构。     

聚合物溶液振荡流动驱油机理研究

以聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)和梳形聚合物(KYPAM)两类具有代表性的聚合物为研究对象,对其驱油过程进行了室内实验模拟,分析不同相对分子质量HPAM和KYPAM的黏弹性、毛管数对原油驱采效率及残余油饱和度的影响规律,对比分析不同质量浓度条件下HPAM和KYPAM溶液在驱采过程中其自身黏度、幂律指数及黏弹性等参数的变化规律,结合实验结果剖析驱采过程中不同流体的微观作用机理.结果表明:驱油效率与毛管数成正相关,前者随后者的增加而增加;可以通过适当增加毛管数,或者提高聚合物溶液弹性以提高驱油效率;梳形聚合物具有较高的黏度和较低的弹性,在毛管数一致的情况下,其驱油效率的数值较低;驱油效率受聚合物溶液的弹性微观力主导,与黏度无关.     

丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸/单体B制备梳形聚合物的研究

梳形聚合物因其独特的分子结构而具有多种优良性能,使得解决聚合物在耐温抗盐性能上存在的问题成为可能,因此具有重大的研究价值。本文通过反相微乳液聚合法采用过硫酸铵和亚硫酸氢钠氧化还原体系引发丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸和单体B水溶液进行三元共聚,以获得具有一定耐温抗盐性能的梳形聚合物。考察了聚合反应中单体B含量对聚合物特性黏数的影响。通过实验,确定了获得该聚合物的适当工艺参数,并对聚合物进行了结构分析和性能评价。实验结果表明:获得梳形聚合物的适当工艺参数:单体总浓度为40%,引发剂加量为0.15%,反应温度为40℃,单体B含量为17%及pH值为7～8;从红外光谱测试结果中可以看出实验室研制的共聚物是梳形聚合物的结构;共聚物具有一定的耐温抗盐性,在清水和盐水中均有剪切变稠的特性,制得的微乳液体系水溶性和稳定性均较好。共聚物特性黏数为5.96 dl/g、分子量为236万。     

老化条件对疏水缔合聚合物HAWSP老化性能的影响

依据聚丙烯酰胺的使用环境,以自制的疏水缔合聚合物HAWSP为主要研究对象,采用一定时间老化后的粘度保留率为评价标准,分析对比了HAWSP、部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)和抗盐聚丙烯酰胺(KYPAM)的老化稳定性,并系统地研究了温度、矿化度、剪切作用及溶解氧含量对HAWSP老化稳定性的影响。通过对比发现,HAWSP的老化性能优于一般HPAM和KYPAM,其粘度保留率随着温度升高和矿化度的增加而降低;高于300 r/min的剪切作用,使得HAWSP在老化过程中粘度发生大幅下降,而60 min的真空处理,可以在很大程度上抑制溶解氧对聚合物的降解作用,实验结果表明60 min真空处理的2 000 mg/L聚合物HAWSP,在3#盐水中80℃老化150 d后的粘度保留率高于80%。     

抗高温耐盐型聚丙烯酰胺产品的研究进展

由于油田浅层及高渗区开采逐步完成,聚丙烯酰胺在油田三次采油中的应用也随之向高温油藏区扩展,故而提高聚丙烯酰胺的耐温耐盐及抗剪切性能成为当前的迫切研究课题。本文主要从探讨聚丙烯酰胺易降解机理,提出通过提高聚合物链的刚性、引入不同性能的单体等,论述可以改善聚丙烯酰胺类产品耐温、耐盐及抗剪切性能途径及方法,讨论了以上不同技术的特点,综合论述了国内外相关研究。展望聚丙烯酰胺产品研究发展方向。     

老化条件对疏水缔合聚合物HAWSP老化性能的影响

依据聚丙烯酰胺的使用环境,以自制的疏水缔合聚合物HAWSP为主要研究对象,采用一定时间老化后的粘度保留率为评价标准,分析对比了HAWSP、部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)和抗盐聚丙烯酰胺(KYPAM)的老化稳定性,并系统地研究了温度、矿化度、剪切作用及溶解氧含量对HAWSP老化稳定性的影响。通过对比发现,HAWSP的老化性能优于一般HPAM和KYPAM,其粘度保留率随着温度升高和矿化度的增加而降低;高于300 r/min的剪切作用,使得HAWSP在老化过程中粘度发生大幅下降,而60 min的真空处理,可以在很大程度上抑制溶解氧对聚合物的降解作用,实验结果表明60 min真空处理的2 000 mg/L聚合物HAWSP,在3#盐水中80℃老化150 d后的粘度保留率高于80%。     

Synthesis and Reactions of Organometallic Polymers Containing Titanacyclobutene Units in the Main Chain

A new class of polymers containing titanacyclobutene units in the main chain were prepared by the reaction of organic dihalides (2) with a binuclear titanium propargyl complex (3) generated in situ from bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)titanium chloride (Cp*₂TiCl, 1), SmI₂, and 1,4-bis(3-bromopropynyl)benzene (2a). The dark red colored polymers (4) thus obtained are soluble in organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and chloroform, and they are stable at ambient temperature under argon atmosphere. The reaction of the titanium-containing polymers (4) with hydrogen chloride was found to give organic polymers (7) containing unsaturated main chain.     

Double dynamic self‐healing polymers: supramolecular and covalent dynamic polymers based on the bis‐iminocarbohydrazide motif

Self‐healing polymers are a class of functional polymers that, by the virtue of the presence of certain dynamic chemical linkages, may undergo self‐repair at a mechanically cut surface. Herein we report the synthesis of a self‐healing polymer giving access to double dynamicity within the polymer network by making use simultaneously of reversible covalent bonds and dynamic non‐covalent hydrogen bonding interactions. These features are provided, respectively, by doubly dynamic cassettes comprising chemically reversible imine linkages and multiply hydrogen‐bonded urea groups, connected by a siloxane‐based backbone that imparts softness to the material. Such a system can be envisaged to give access to a broad spectrum of functional materials, which can be tuned by convenient modulation of the structural motifs of the polymer. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

Rigid and microporous polymers for gas separation membranes

Microporous polymers are a class of microporous materials with high free volume elements and large surface areas. Microporous polymers have received much attention for various applications in gas separation, gas storage, and for clean energy resources due to their easy processability for mass production, as well as microporosity for high performance. This review describes recent research trends of microporous polymers in various energy related applications, especially for gas separations and gas storages. The new classes of microporous polymers, so-called thermally rearranged (TR) polymers and polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs), have been developed by enhancing polymer rigidity to improve microporosity with sufficient free volume sizes. Their rigidity improves separation performance and efficiency with extraordinary gas permeability. Moreover, their solubility in organic solvents allows them to have potential use in large-scale industrial applications.     

Microstructure formation in polymer composites prepared with polypropylene and a polyaniline complex

BACKGROUND: Results of a feasibility study to produce elongated structures of an electro‐conductive polyaniline complex (PANICOM) within polymer composites by means of an in situ deformation process are reported. The aim was to find an alternative route to produce fiber‐like polymer materials with potential applications in electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection. PANICOM–polypropylene blends with PANICOM contents ranging from 1 to 50 wt% were capillary extruded. The microstructure was analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Conductivity measurements were carried out. Tensile mechanical properties were also characterized. RESULTS: PANICOM was deformed into elongated structures, embedded within the polypropylene, preferentially oriented in the extrusion direction. The highest conductivity levels were reached for PANICOM contents of 15 wt% and greater. For contents of PANICOM of about 5 to 10 wt%, the conductivities lay within the optimal ESD range, and the breaking tenacity was only about 25% lower than that of pure polypropylene. CONCLUSION: The results obtained provide further evidence to support the feasibility of producing electrically conductive fibers of PANICOM within a suitable polymer matrix by means of a simple in situ deformation process, so as to allow the fabrication of conducting composites with potential applications in ESD protection. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Imidazole functionalized polyaniline: Synthesis,characterization, and Cu (II) coordination studies

Polyaniline functionalized with imidazole as strategically designed receptor group in its backbone was synthesized for copper binding. The synthesized polymer has been characterized using FTIR, NMR, and UV‐Vis spectroscopic techniques. The addition of copper (II) to the polymer distinctly changes the properties such as crystallinity, molecular weight, aggregation, and electronic properties. XRD, DLS, SEM, and four‐point probe techniques have been used for study of these changes. It is observed that the secondary ion generated as a result of copper coordination results in the doping of the polyaniline backbone, which enhances the conductivity by one order of magnitude. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Electroactive polymer blends

The rapid development of two new classes of electrically active polymer materials, electronically conducting and electroactive polymers and ion-conducting polymers respectively, offers new possibilities for application of both classes of material, especially in combination with each other. While some of these combinations have been attempted before, they all met serious problems due to poor interpenetration of the two polymers. The recent availability of solubilized and soluble electroactive and conductive polymers has greatly advanced the possibilities of reducing the interpenetration problem. Some experimental studies using the combination of solubilized electroactive polypyrrole with poly(ethylene oxide) in an electroactive polymer blend electrode for solid-state polymer batteries are discussed. The opportunities for using polymer blends for solid-state electrochemical polymeric devices, and avenues for the development of materials for such devices, are also reviewed.     

Perfluoroalkyl‐terminated star polymer electrolyte

A perfluoroalkyl‐terminated multiarm star polymer (perfluoroalkyl‐terminated hyperbranched polyglycerol) was synthesized and characterized on the basis of perfluorooctanoyl chloride grafting on hyperbranched polyglycerol. The conductivity of a blend of the perfluoroalkyl‐terminated star polymer and linear poly(ether urethane) was studied. The results indicated that this blend had better solvating capability in salt and higher ionic conductivity. The conductivity of the blend was 2.5 × 10^?4 S cm^?1 at 60°C when the concentration of the perfluoroalkyl‐terminated hyperbranched polyglycerol was 30 wt % and the ethylene oxide (EO)/Li ratio was 4 in the blend. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 238–242, 2005     

反应性高聚物对聚合物共混体系的增容作用

简要介绍了聚合物共混相容性的基本原理,讨论了增容反应的特点与类型,着重论述了反应性高聚物的制备技术、研究现状及其对聚合物共混体系的增容作用效果。     

Shape memory composites based on a thermoplastic elastomer polyethylene with carbon nanostructures stimulated by heat and solar radiation having piezoresistive behavior

A thermoplastic elastomer polyethylene (TEPE) based on an ethylene/1‐butene copolymer having shape memory effect (SME) without any chemical modification is presented and the effect of adding either carbon nanotubes or thermally reduced graphite oxide is analyzed. For electrical percolated samples, the development of a polymer sensor that changes its electrical conductivity under solar radiation triggered by SME is further presented. Our results showed that programmed samples recovered their permanent shape showing SME under a direct heating stimulus at 60 °C. The addition of carbon nanostructures increased the times needed to reach 100% recovery as compared with pure TEPE. Noteworthy, the SME was also stimulated remotely by solar radiation increasing the sample temperature. Composites presented a faster SME under this remote radiation process as compared with pure TEPE due to their higher radiation absorption. Percolated TEPE/carbon nanotube composites displayed further a decrease in the electrical resistivity during SME under this solar radiation. Finally, our results showed that the glass transition also triggered the SME in these samples allowing the development of triple shape memory polyethylenes without any chemical crosslinking process. Based on these findings, a simple route was developed to produce double, or even triple, shape memory piezoresistive polyethylenes that can be activated remotely by solar radiation. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

Electrochemical capacitor composed of doped polyaniline and polymer electrolyte membrane

We prepared polyaniline doped with LiPF₆ and HCl, respectively, using chemical methods. The electrode composite was attached to both sides of Al mesh, while the polymer electrolyte mixture was spread on a glass plate. Then, the polyaniline‐based redox supercapacitor was fabricated using two electrodes and a polymer electrolyte membrane. The electrochemical performance of the redox supercapacitor was investigated by using the charge/discharge method, cyclic voltometry, and impedance spectroscopy. The initial specific capacitance was ≈115 F/g and it retained ≈90 F/g even after 5000 cycles. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 1300–1304, 2003