一种兼具阳离子和两性特征的复配表面活性剂性能研究及应用

对具有阳离子和两性特征的新型表面活性剂椰油酰胺丙基PG-二甲基氯化铵/椰油酰胺丙基PG-二甲基氯化铵磷酸酯/椰油酰胺丙基羟基磺基甜菜碱与月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠复配体系的抑菌、增稠、发泡、耐寒、耐热性能和毒理学等进行测定,并与月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱和椰油酰胺DEA的复配体系进行对比。结果表明,椰油酰胺丙基PG-二甲基氯化铵/椰油酰胺丙基PG-二甲基氯化铵磷酸酯/椰油酰胺丙基羟基磺基甜菜碱复配表面活性剂与阴离子表面活性剂复配时较其他常用表面活性剂表现出较佳的抑菌、增稠及稳泡性,刺激性低,在洗沐和洗涤剂中表现出更好的应用价值。     

N’-3-(二甲基)-丙基-(N-全氟丁基磺酰基-N-烷基磺酰基)-氧化胺的合成及表面性能

以全氟丁基磺酰氟与N,N’-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺为原料制备得到全氟丁基磺酰胺,然后分别与己基磺酰氯和辛基磺酰氯反应得到带烷基支链的全氟丁基磺酰胺,最后将两中间产物与过氧化氢氧化得N’-3-(二甲基)-丙基-(N-全氟丁基磺酰基-N-烷基磺酰基)-亚胺氧化物。通过MS和1H NMR等方法对产物进行了表征,表面张力等性能测试表明,产物具有较好的表面活性,可以作为全氟辛基磺酰胺类表面活性剂的替代品。     

脂肪酰胺丙基甲基氧化胺的合成及性能

本文合成了一系列脂肪酰胺丙基二甲基氧化胺，测试了产物的一些表面物理化学性能将之与传统长链烷基氧化胺对照。结果表明，该类产品的去污力、泡沫力、润湿力及表面张力均接近或略优于烷基基氧化胺，但在ＨＰ〈６时用于含ＡＥＳ的香、浴波体系，其增稠性显著优于烷基氧化胺，泡沫性能亦优于烷基氧化胺。     

一种甜菜碱双子表面活性剂的合成及其性能

以油酸酰胺丙基二甲基叔胺、3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠和1,4-二溴丁烷为原料,通过两步反应合成了一种磺酸基甜菜碱双子表面活性剂(B18-4-18),通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和核磁共振波谱仪对产物结构进行表征,用表面张力仪测定不同浓度下油酸酰胺羟丙基甜菜碱(B18)和甜菜碱双子表面活性剂(B18-4-18)的表面张力,得出表面张力曲线,并用实验室定制的携液量装置分别测定了两种表面活性剂在清水、矿化水中和凝析油中的携液率。结果表明:合成的化合物与预期目标产物一致;在25℃时,B18临界胶束浓度(CMC)为6.1×10-6mol/L,γCMC=34.27 m N/m;B18-4-18的CMC为5.0×10-6mol/L,γCMC=31.67 m N/m;B18和B18-4-18在清水中的携液率分别可达87%、92%,在15万矿化水中的最高携液率分别可达82%、84%,在质量分数10%凝析油溶液中的最高携液率可以达到74%、78%。     

一种甜菜碱双子表面活性剂的合成及其性能研究

以油酸酰胺丙基叔胺,3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠和1,4-二溴丁烷为原料,通过两步反应合成出了一种甜菜碱双子表面活性剂,通过傅立叶变换红外光谱仪和核磁共振仪对合成产物进行了结构表征,用表面张力仪测定不同浓度下油酸酰胺羟丙基甜菜碱（B18）和甜菜碱双子表面活性剂（B18-4-18）的表面张力,得出表面张力曲线,并用实验室定制的携液量装置分别测定了两种表面活性剂在清水中,矿化水中和凝析油中的携液率。实验证明：合成的化合物与预期合成物质一致,在25℃时,B18临界胶束浓度cmc=3.5914?0-6mol/L,相应的表面张力"γ" _cmc=36.2155mN/m,B18-4-18的临界胶束浓度cmc=3.3986?0-6 mol/L,相应的表面张力"γ" _cmc=34.6464mN/m;B18和B18-4-18在清水中的携液率可以达到87%,92%,在15万矿化水中的最高携液率可以达到82%,84%。在10%凝析油中的最高携液率可以达到64%,67%。     

驱油用甜菜碱表面活性剂的乳化性能

针对所研究的甜菜碱乳状液运用了宏观脱水率和微观显微镜观察的方法,并通过粘度计测定了乳状液的粘度,对A(烷基二甲基磺丙基甜菜碱)和B(烷基二甲基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱)两个系列甜菜碱的乳化性能进行了研究。结果表明,AB两个系列甜菜碱的乳化性能都随长烷基链碳原子数的增加先逐渐增强,当A系列长烷基链碳原子数达到14,B系列长烷基链碳原子数达到16,乳化性最好,继续增加长烷基链碳原子数,乳化性能减弱。AB两个系列的甜菜碱都随着浓度的增加乳化性能逐渐增强。随着甜菜碱长烷基链碳原子数的增加,B系列乳化性能好于A系列     

双酰胺型磺基甜菜碱表面活性剂的合成与性能

以辛酸、N,N-二（3-氨丙基）-甲胺和1,3-丙烷磺内酯为主要原料,通过两步反应设计了一种新型双酰胺型磺基甜菜碱表面活性剂。采用红外光谱、质谱、核磁等方法确证产物结构,并对双八酰胺磺基甜菜碱的表面化学眭能、应用性能进行了研究。结果表明,该产品具有较高的表面活性,25±0．2℃时临界胶束浓度cmc为1．02×10^-3mol·L^-1,1cmc为30．13mN·m^-1,且具有良好的润湿洼、抗硬水性以及钙皂分散性。     

不同酯化度的酯基季铵盐的制备和性能研究

制备了3种酯化度不同的硬脂酸三乙醇胺酯季铵盐，研究了其柔软性、生物降解性及对织物白度的影响等，并与双十八烷基二甲基氯化铵(D1821)进行了比较。结果表明：酯基季铵盐(EQ)的生物降解性均优于D1821；硬脂酸乙酯基双羟乙基甲基硫酸甲酯铵和双硬脂酸乙酯基羟乙基甲基硫酸甲酯铵的柔软性和D1821相当，三硬脂酸乙酯基甲基硫酸甲酯铵的柔软性很差；D1821对织物白度有较大的影响，而酯基季铵盐对织物白度的影响不大。     

新型烷基酰胺丙基三甲基季铵盐表面活性剂的合成

以叔胺和碳酸二甲酯为原料,合成了新型季铵盐表面活性剂———C16/C18烷基酰胺丙基三甲基碳酸甲酯铵,通过质谱和红外光谱对其进行结构表征。利用得到的碳酸甲酯铵与有机酸反应,得到系列具有新型反离子X-〔X=HCOO,CH3COO,CH3CH(OH)COO〕的季铵盐。研究表明,该系列化合物随反离子亲水性的增强,最低表面张力变大,临界胶束浓度增大。     

十二烷基硫酸钠与两性表面活性剂复配体系表面性能及影响因素

通过测定表面张力、黏度、pH研究了十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)与十二烷基磺基甜菜碱(SB)、月桂酰胺基甘氨酸(NL)之间的相互作用。结果表明:SB与SDS在摩尔比为3∶7时,体系的表面张力达到最低,cmc最小,即出现最大协同效应;在整个pH范围内,表面活性并不随溶液酸碱性的变化而变化。而NL与SDS的复配体系在摩尔比为3∶7到7∶3时,协同效应显著;并且在强酸条件下,体系的表面活性降低,有沉淀生成。     

Progress in research of sulfobetaine surfactants used in tertiary oil recovery

The synthesis of sulfobetaine surfactants and their application in tertiary oil recovery (TOR) are summarized in this paper. The synthesis of sulfobetaine surfactants was classified into three categories of single hydrophobic chain sulfobetaine surfactants, double hydrophobic chain sulfobetaine surfactants and Gemini sulfobetaine surfactants for review. Their application in TOR was classified into surfactant flooding, microemulsion flooding, surfactant/polymer (SP) flooding and foam flooding for review. The sulfonated betaine surfactants have good temperature resistance and salt tolerance, low critical micelle concentration (cmc) and surface tension corresponding to critical micelle concentration (γ_cmc), good foaming properties and wettability, low absorption, ultralow interfacial tension of oil/water, and excellent compatibility with other surfactants and polymers. Sulfobetaine surfactants with ethoxyl structures, hydroxyl and unsaturated bonds, and Gemini sulfobetaine surfactants will become an important direction for tertiary oil recovery because they have better interfacial activity in high-temperature (≥90°C) and high-salinity (≥10⁴ mg/L) reservoirs. Some problems existing in the synthesis and practical application were also reviewed.     

Aquatic toxicity and biodegradability of advanced cationic surfactant APA-22 compatible with the aquatic environment

Cationic surfactant is a chemical substance used in hair conditioner, fabric softener and other household products. By investigating the relationship between the aquatic toxicity and the chemical structures of two types of mono alkyl cationic surfactants, alkyl trimethylammonium salts and alkyl dimethylamine salts, we have found that the C22 alkyl chain length is effective to reduce the toxicity. Besides, we have recognized that the amidopropyl functional group contributes to the enhanced biodegradability by investigating the biodegradation trend of (alkylamidopropyl)dimethylamine salt (alkyl chain length: C18). Based on these findings, we have developed mono alkyl cationic surfactant called APA-22, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]docosanamide salt. APA-22 is formed by the C22 alkyl chain, amidopropyl functional group and di-methyltertiary amine group. We evaluated the aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability of APA-22 by two standard methods (OECD Test Guideline 301B and ECETOC technical document No.28) and found that this substance was degraded rapidly in both conditions. The toxicity to algae, invertebrate and fish of this substance are evaluated by using OECD Test Guideline 201, 202 and 203, respectively. All acute toxicity values are >1 mg/L, which indicates that environmental toxicity of this substance is relatively less toxic to aquatic organism. In addition, we estimated the biodegradation pathway of APA-22 and observed the complete disappearance of APA-22 and its intermediates during the test periods. Based on the environmental data provided above, we concluded that APA22 is more compatible with the aquatic environment compared to other cationic surfactants with mono long alkyl chain.     

Synthesis,Surface and Antimicrobial Activity of Piperidine-Based Sulfobetaines

A new method for the preparation of new heterocyclic amine surfactants based on sulfobetaines is proposed. Interfacial activities of the surfactants obtained in aqueous solution were studied by surface tension measurements. The critical micelle concentration, surface excess concentration, minimum area per surfactant molecule, and standard Gibbs energy of adsorption were determined. The adsorption properties of these compounds depend significantly on the alkyl chain length. Alkyl chain length also affects biological properties of the new surfactants, determining the minimum inhibitory concentration and size of inhibited growth zone. The compounds have high antimicrobial activity.     

脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物的物化性能研究

对不同烷链和不同EO加合数的脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物的物化性能进行了测试,并对FMEE在洗衣粉中替代AEO9进行了初步研究。结果表明,与脂肪醇乙氧基化物相比,FMEE泡沫低,水溶速度快,对油脂增溶能力强,用棕榈油甲酯乙氧基化物替代AEO9在洗衣粉中应用可改善去污性能并降低成本。     

Synthesis and Interfacial Activity of Novel Heterogemini Sulfobetaines in Aqueous Solution

Three new heterogemini sulfobetaines and their chloride salts were synthesised. The interfacial activities of the obtained chlorides in aqueous solution were studied by equilibrium and dynamic surface tension measurements. The critical micelle concentration, surface excess concentration, minimum area per surfactant molecule and standard Gibbs energy of adsorption as well as micelle lifetime and diffusion coefficient were determined. The adsorption properties and micelle lifetime of these compounds significantly depend on the length of alkyl chain. The critical micelle concentration decreases with increasing chain length of the compounds considered. The values of the diffusion coefficient of N‐alkyl‐N‐methyl‐N‐(3‐sulfopropyl)‐6‐(N‐alkyl‐N‐methylamino)hexylammonium chloride tend to decrease as the concentration is increased.     

甜菜碱型Gemini表面活性剂的合成及泡沫排水性能

通过原料的季铵化合成油酸酰胺羟丙基甜菜碱(S18),S18与二卤代烷反应,得到的Gemini表面活性剂(S18-18)。S18-18用红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)进行了表征。在25℃下研究了不同质量浓度的S18-18的表面张力。其临界胶束浓度(CMC)为5.0×10-6 mol/L,表面张力(γcmc)为31.67 mN/m。测定了S18-18的携液率,在清水、250000 mg/L矿化水、质量分数为30%凝析油溶液和质量分数为30%甲醇溶液中,S18-18的携液率分别为90%、76%、63%和79%,数据表明,矿化度、甲醇、凝析油对S18-18的泡沫携液性能影响很小。对比S18与S18-18的携液性能,S18-18的携液性能优于S18。比较3种不同类型表面活性剂与S18-18的液体携带性能,S18-18具有更好的携液性能和泡沫性能。     

月桂酸单乙醇酰胺硫酸酯盐的合成与性能

通过一系列反应合成了月桂酸单乙醇酰胺硫酸酯盐(以下简称C12MSN),测定了在303 K下的表面化学性质及泡沫、去污、润湿等应用性能,研究了C12MSN与酯基Gemin i型季铵盐(以下简称Ⅱ-12-3)溶液复配体系的性质。结果显示,C12MSN的临界胶束浓度是2.79×10-3mol/L,其表面张力为25.42 mN/m,泡沫性好。发现n(C12MSN)∶n(Ⅱ-12-3)=7∶3复配时有较好的协同效应。     

磺基甜菜碱Gemini表面活性剂的合成与应用性能

为了改善储层的非均质性差异,有效提高碳酸盐储层的酸化解堵效果,以长链烷基二甲基叔胺、3-氯-2-羟基丙烷磺酸钠和1,4-二溴丁烷为原料,通过两步反应合成了一系列磺基甜菜碱双子表面活性剂（2C _n -SGS,其中n为疏水链中碳原子数,n=12,14,16,18）自转向酸主剂。以2C16-SGS为例,采用FTIR对中间产物（C₁₆-SGS）及2C_16-SGS的结构进行表征。通过表面张力法测定2C _n -SGS的表面活性,结果表明,2C _n -SGS具有良好的表面活性,随着疏水链的增长,2C _n -SGS的CMC和表面张力均减小,且胶束化能力增强。可用于黏弹性表面活性剂自转向酸酸化技术,具有良好的转向分流能力,优选配方为4% 2C₁₆-SGS+20%盐酸+20%Ca²⁺,而且高黏胶束遇煤油等烃类能够自动破胶降黏,易返排对地层无伤害。