纳米ZnO/ZnOw/HDPE抗菌性能及力学性能研究

研究了氧化锌晶须（ZnOw）对纳米ZnO／HDPE（高密度聚乙烯）抗菌性能的影响，并对制备的抗菌塑料表面形貌、力学性能等进行表征。结果表明，纳米ZnO／ZnOw／HDPE复合抗菌塑料的抗菌效果优于纳米ZnO／HDPE抗菌塑料的，添加ZnOw的复合抗菌材料在抗菌剂质量分数为2％时，对大肠杆菌的抗菌率已达到99．9％，相当于纳米ZnO的添加量为1.4％时，抗菌率即可达到99．9％。ZnOw可有效改善纳米ZnO的表面分散状态，并且复合抗菌剂的添加对材料的力学性能没有影响。     

多孔载银抗菌剂和灭菌性能评价

探讨了以多孔SiO2为载体的含银无机抗菌剂的制备工艺和灭菌性能。采用模板法合成小粒度的多孔SiO2粉为原料，或添加粘接剂烧结的成型体，在减压(0．02-0．04MPa)下用5％的硝酸银溶液浸渍0．5-1．0h，于360℃煅烧还原，制得的无机抗菌剂具有20mg．g-1的载银量。样品的抑菌环宽度和灭菌率测试表明该抗菌剂对大肠杆菌和枯草杆菌有良好的抑制生长和灭菌作用，在水中浸泡96h后有99％的灭菌率，重复使用3次后灭菌率可保持在75％。     

PP-R管材专用抗菌母料的制备

采用载银无机抗菌剂制得PP-R管材专用抗菌母料，研究了抗菌母料对PP-R管材的抗菌性能、力学性能、耐光性、安全卫生性的影响。结果表明：该抗菌母料属实际无毒级物质；随着抗菌母料的增加，PP-R抗菌管材的抗菌性能增加，当抗菌母料的质量分数为4％时，即抗菌剂在PP-R管材中的质量分数为1％时，PP-R抗菌塑料的性价比最佳；表面处理过的抗菌剂在PP-R中分布均匀、无团聚现象，与PP-R基体树脂具有良好的相容性。添加4％抗菌母料的PP-R抗菌管材对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等细菌的抗菌率都达到99％以上，具有高效、广谱抗菌性能；经55℃的去离子水浸泡16h后，抗菌性能下降较小，具有长效抗菌性能；通过240h的光老化实验后，平均色差为1．36，无明显变色，光老化性能优良；力学性能与空白PP-R管材相当，卫生安全性能符合国家有关食品卫生检验标准。     

抗菌丙纶的生产及应用

优选出有机分子组装型(KJY-1)和无机银系(KJW-1)抗菌剂,与PP切片共混纺丝,在低速、大喷丝 板、一步法设备上生产抗菌丙纶。适当调整纺丝工艺,纺丝性能良好,抗菌丙纶的物理指标与常规丙纶无异。 KJY-1抗菌剂添加0.8％时,纤维抗菌率达99％,经50次洗涤抗菌率仍达90％以上。KJW-1型抗菌剂添加 1％时,纤维抗菌率达93％。     

高效无机抗菌剂在乳胶漆中的应用

以传统涂料为依托，通过引入特种抗菌剂M制备出了高效抗菌的乳胶漆。抗菌剂M的最佳加入量为1．5％，灭菌率可以达到99.9％以上。     

成核剂YS-688改性抗菌PP薄膜的研究

以聚丙烯（PP）为基体树脂,改性载银磷酸锆为抗菌剂,YS-688（二苄叉山梨醇衍生物）为成核剂,制备抗菌剂母粒、成核剂母粒和抗菌PP薄膜,研究了成核剂改性抗菌PP薄膜性能。结果表明：经YS-688改性的抗菌PP薄膜,球晶尺寸减小,结晶密度增大,结晶温度提高;含0．9％改性载银磷酸锆和0.3％YS-688的PP薄膜,其拉伸强度（纵向／横向）51．16／31．88MPa,透光率88．8％,雾度2．9％,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌抗菌率为99．26％和99．57％,物理力学性能和抗菌性能优良。     

Ag2MoO4系抗菌卫生瓷的研究

研究了在卫生瓷釉中引入钼酸银以及钼酸银-钼酸锌作为抗菌剂制作抗菌陶瓷。结果表明钼酸银-钼酸锌抗菌剂在釉中的添加量为1．5-3wt％，混合搅拌时间为1-2h，最高烧成温度1220℃时，抗菌陶瓷具有良好的杀菌效果，样品性能符合国家标准。并对样品进行了3个月的酸、碱溶液浸泡的抗菌耐久性测试，抗菌效果基本保持不变。     

西南交大研制出氧化锌抗菌剂

西南交通大学材料科学工程学院日前成功研制出ZnO(氧化锌)晶体复合抗菌剂，并在此基础上，又将其成功地应用于塑料包装材料中，研制出抗菌率达99％以上的抗菌包装袋。据介绍，由于ZnO晶体本身的多功能特性，加入ZnO复合抗菌剂后的塑料包装材料还具有强度高、保鲜性能好的特点。     

无机抗菌剂的制备及抗菌效果的研究

本研究采用溶胶—凝胶法制备了超微细粉的无机抗菌剂。将其低温煅烧后添加到卫生陶瓷釉浆中,可制得抗菌陶瓷。抗菌试验表明,当抗菌剂加入量为１．５％ ～２．０％ 时,抗菌卫生陶瓷的抗菌性及抗菌持久性优良,２４ｈ 灭菌率达９９．９％ 。     

银系抗菌剂在内墙抗菌涂料中的性能研究

通过添加纳米银溶胶、玻璃载银、磷酸锆载银3种抗菌剂制得抗菌内墙涂料。用贴膜法和抑菌圈法测试了涂料的长效抗菌性;用扫描电镜测试了抗菌涂料与细菌的作用状态,并测试了抗菌涂料的色差变化。结果表明:扫描电镜下能很好地观察到涂膜与细菌的作用状态与形貌;自制玻璃载银抗菌涂料的色差变化最小;加入0.6%载银抗菌剂的内墙涂料初始抗菌率达到99%以上,但放置3个月后,抗菌率有所下降。     

Antibacterial finishing of polyester/cotton blend fabrics using neem (Azadirachta indica): A natural bioactive agent

The study focused on the development of biofunctional polyester/cotton blend fabric using a natural product. An antimicrobial agent extracted from the seeds of Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) was used for imparting antibacterial property to the blend fabric. Resin and catalyst concentrations were optimized to get the maximum crosslinking in the fabric blends using glyoxal/glycol as a crosslinking agent. The optimized concentrations were used to treat the fabric with the antimicrobial agent along with the crosslinking agent. Quantitative analysis was carried out to measure the antimicrobial activity against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. The results showed that the treated fabrics inhibited the growth of Gram‐positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) by more than 90% as compared to the control sample. Antimicrobial activity against Gram‐ positive bacteria was retained up to five machine washes and decreased thereafter. The antibacterial activity was higher against Gram‐positive bacteria as compared to Gram‐ negative bacteria (Proteus vulgaris). The treated fabrics also showed improved crease recovery property although the tensile property showed a marginal decrease. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

纳米ZnO-TiO2复合粉体的制备及抗菌性能的研究

目的:制备纳米级的ZnO-TiO2复合粉体,研究纳米ZnO-TiO2与单用纳米TiO2和纳米ZnO两种抗菌剂的抗菌能力。方法:本实验以ZnCl2和TiCl4为原料制备纳米级的ZnO-TiO2复合粉体,再选择了大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为代表菌株,采用了纸片扩散法,对纳米ZnO-TiO2复合粉体抗菌剂进行了抗菌性研究,并与单用纳米TiO2和纳米ZnO两种抗菌剂抗菌性能进行比较。结果表明:纳米ZnO-TiO2复合粉体抗菌剂对代表菌株表现出比单用纳米ZnO或TiO2抗菌剂有更好的抗菌能力。在此基础上对相关抗菌剂的抗菌机理进行了分析讨论。     

Antimicrobial coatings produced by “tethering” biocides to the coating matrix: A comprehensive review

Covalently attached, non-leaching biocidal-moieties are being explored as an environmentally friendly option for replacing antimicrobial coatings that release biocides. This review highlights studies on antimicrobial surface treatments and coatings in which the antimicrobial agent is covalently bound (i.e. tethered) to the surface or coating matrix. In addition, test methods for measuring antimicrobial surface activity are reviewed, and a discussion of advantages and disadvantages of the various methods is provided.     

The properties of 1-alkoxymethyl-3-hydroxypyridinium and 1-alkoxymethyl-3-dimethylaminopyridinium chlorides

Several 1-alkoxymethyl-3-substituted-pyridinium chlorides with alkoxy chains including from 3 to 18 carbon atoms were prepared by the reaction of 3-substituted-pyridine with chloromethyl alkyl ethers. The prepared chlorides were examined for their antielectrostatic effects and their antimicrobial activities. 1-Dodecyloxymethyl-3-dimethylaminopyridinium chloride (23) exhibited strong antimicrobial activity and a wide antimicrobial spectrum, similar to the activity of benzalkonium chloride. We synthesized 1-alkoxymethyl-3-hydroxypyridinium chlorides possessing antielectrostatic properties, but lacking antimicrobial activity. The antielectrostatic effect and antimicrobial activities are strongly dependent on the kind of substituent at the 3-position in the pyridine ring and are greatly affected by an alkoxy chain. It was shown that dimethylamino group in position three must be present for a high antielectrostatic and antimicrobial activity of the agent.     

Study on antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized by gamma irradiation method using different stabilizers

Colloidal solutions of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by gamma Co-60 irradiation using different stabilizers, namely polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), alginate, and sericin. The particle size measured from TEM images was 4.3, 6.1, 7.6, and 10.2 nm for AgNPs/PVP, AgNPs/PVA, AgNPs/alginate, and AgNPs/sericin, respectively. The influence of different stabilizers on the antibacterial activity of AgNPs was investigated. Results showed that AgNPs/alginate exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) among the as-synthesized AgNPs. Handwash solution has been prepared using Na lauryl sulfate as surfactant, hydroxyethyl cellulose as binder, and 15 mg/L of AgNPs/alginate as antimicrobial agent. The obtained results on the antibacterial test of handwash for the dilution to 3 mg AgNPs/L showed that the antibacterial efficiency against E. coli was of 74.6%, 89.8%, and 99.0% for the contacted time of 1, 3, and 5 min, respectively. Thus, due to the biocompatibility of alginate extracted from seaweed and highly antimicrobial activity of AgNPs synthesized by gamma Co-60 irradiation, AgNPs/alginate is promising to use as an antimicrobial agent in biomedicine, cosmetic, and in other fields.     

纳米Cu-TiO2在亲水涂料中的耐老化和抗菌性能研究

通过光催化还原的方法制备了纳米铜基二氧化钛(Cu-TiO2)抗菌剂。使用浸涂方法将素铝箔基片涂敷上含1.4%抗菌剂的面漆抗菌涂层。对抗菌涂层进行加速老化处理,采用接触角仪、金相显微镜、体视显微镜、抗菌实验等测定涂层老化前后的接触角、表面形貌以及抗菌性能的变化。结果表明:含1.4%抗菌剂的抗菌涂层具有优秀的杀菌性能、亲水性能和耐老化性能。老化之前抗菌率达99.9%以上,老化处理后,涂层表面无明显变化,平均抗菌率达到95%以上,同时亲水角保持小于8°。     

藏药红景天多糖基抗菌可食膜的制备

以藏药红景天(RP)作为研究对象,以乙醇/硫酸铵双水相体系(EAS)作为活性提取试剂,以提取的红景天多糖作为天然绿色抑菌活性因子,以甘油(Gly)为增塑剂、明胶(Gel)为成膜剂、氯化钙为交联剂,采用斜面自然倾倒流延法,制备了一种新型的抗菌膜材料。以抗菌膜的抗拉强度、抑菌活性、水蒸气透过率,包肉降解特性作为膜材料的评价指标,考察了成膜材质的最佳添加量。抑菌实验结果表明,当红景天多糖加入量为6m L(WRP=14.6%)时,抗菌膜材料对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的最大抑制率分别为97.3%和88.6%。抗拉强度、水蒸气透过率以及包肉降解特性实验结果表明:当添加多糖6 mL、甘油1.5 g、明胶1.0 g、氯化钙0.8 g时制备的抗菌膜性能最好。     

含有固化生物活性物质的高分子纤维及膜材料

通过调节高分子体系的结构,可以有目的性地设计含有固化药物成分（如生物酶和／或抗菌剂）的高分子基体结构,生物活性的高低主要由固化的药物成分决定。     

DBNPA的合成及其在冷却水处理方面的应用

二溴次氮基丙酰胺(DBNPA)是一种理想的环保型杀菌灭藻剂和水处理剂。作者通过实验探索了合成DBNPA的最佳方法,并测试了DBNPA在冷却水系统中的杀菌、除粘和缓蚀性能。希望能为DBNPA在我国的应用和推广提供参考。     

Durable antimicrobial treatment of cotton fabrics using N‐(2‐hydroxy)propyl‐3‐trimethylammonium chitosan chloride and polycarboxylic acids

N‐(2‐hydroxy)propyl‐3‐trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC), a water‐soluble chitosan quaternary ammonium derivative, was used as an antimicrobial agent for cotton fabrics. HTCC has a lower minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli compared to that of chitosan; however, the imparted antimicrobial activity is lost on laundering. Thus crosslinking agents were utilized to obtain a durable antimicrobial treatment by immobilizing HTCC. Several crosslinkers such as dimethyloldihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU), butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), and citric acid (CA) were used with HTCC to improve the laundering durability of HTCC treatment by covalent bond formation between the crosslinker, HTCC and cellulose. The polycarboxylic acid treatment was superior to the DMDHEU treatment in terms of prolonged antimicrobial activity of the treated cotton after successive laundering. Also, the cotton treated with HTCC and BTCA showed improved durable press properties without excessive deterioration in mechanical strength or whiteness when compared to the citric acid treatment. With the addition of only 0.1% HTCC to BTCA solutions, the treated fabrics showed durable antimicrobial activity up to 20 laundering cycles. The wrinkle recovery angle and strength retention of the treated fabrics were not adversely affected with the addition of HTCC. Therefore, BTCA can be used with HTCC in one bath to impart durability of antimicrobial activity along with durable press properties to cotton fabric. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1567–1572, 2003