同轴式内部热耦合精馏塔的传热性能

提出了一种以实验物系的物性数据为基础的计算同轴式内部热耦合精馏塔（HIDiC）总传热系数的方法。本文以乙醇-水为实验物系,以自行搭建的中试规模同轴式HIDiC为研究对象,通过在不同压缩比下（1.4~2.6,步长为0.1）的连续操作实验研究,得到塔内的温度分布,通过计算两塔段的相变给热系数来计算该塔的总传热系数和精馏塔段与提馏塔段间的换热量。在同轴式HIDiC中乙醇-水实验物系总传热系数的计算值在300~800W/(m²·K),并且随着压缩比的增大而逐渐降低。在操作条件和产品纯度与实验值保持一致的情况下,将精馏塔段与提馏塔段间换热量的计算值带入软件中模拟,得到的全塔温度分布与实验中的温度分布在误差范围内吻合良好,证明本文计算同轴式HIDiC总传热系数的方法切实有效。     

气液分开进料内部热耦合精馏塔的优化设计

以近沸程的正丁醇和异丁醇为模拟物系,对内部热耦合精馏塔(HIDiC)的进料方式进行改进。在固定压缩比(R_p=3)和产品摩尔分数(0.998)下,分别对常规进料的HIDiC和气液分开进料的HIDiC在不同气相分率、进料位置下的总操作费用进行计算,结果表明分开进料时的总操作费用最小,节能效果最好。证明了气液分开进料的HIDiC节能潜力优于常规进料的HIDiC,并对分开进料的HIDiC的控制方案进行研究,通过模拟优化,选用改进的温度组成串级控制方案,较之前的温度组成串级控制方案进一步降低了塔釜产品的稳定时间,达到了产品纯度和温度平稳恢复的最佳控制效果。     

不同孔径的筛孔板深液层鼓泡塔性能比较

筛孔板深液层鼓泡塔是一种新型碳化塔，在直径６００ｍｍ有机玻璃模拟塔内以空气一水为实验介质，对４种不同孔径的筛孔塔板测定了板压降，气含率及液相返混量等参数，并给出了计算板压降及气含率的关联式。     

筛孔塔板干板压降的数值模拟

分别应用标准k-ε模型、RNG k-ε模型和Realizable k-ε模型3种湍流模型并结合有限体积法,在不同空塔气体动能因子下数值模拟了筛孔塔板(0.38 m)的干板压降。数值计算结果分别同Hughmark-O'connell和Leibson实验结果进行了比较,吻合较好。通过模型对比,发现RNG k-ε模型和Realizable k-ε模型计算结果同实验结果比较接近,标准k-ε模型的计算结果误差较大。利用RNG k-ε模型研究了塔板厚度、筛孔直径同塔板干板阻力系数的关系曲线,随着筛孔直径和塔板厚度的增加,塔板阻力系数增加,相对于塔板厚度,筛孔直径的大小对阻力系数的影响更大。证明了计算流体力学在筛孔塔板干板压降的研究中有一定的可行性。     

基于塔总组合曲线的内部热耦合精馏塔优化设计方法

基于塔总组合曲线（CGCC）,提出了一种简化内部热耦合精馏塔（HIDiC）结构的图形设计方法。在完成精馏段（或提馏段）单塔段中间换热器优化设置的基础上,结合精馏段与提馏段CGCC的集成图,以HIDiC的可减小过程总（火用）损为目标,确定HIDiC热耦合中间换热器的最优设计。以苯乙烯-乙苯HIDiC为例,计算结果表明,设置中间换热器后,HIDiC可减小过程总（火用）损最大值为1.951 MW,HIDiC的冷凝器、再沸器负荷分别下降63.6%和68.4%;热耦合中间换热器分别设置于精馏段第2、12、和38块塔板,提馏段第20、28和36块塔板,热负荷依次为0.841、1.496和2.053 MW。     

基于塔总组合曲线的内部热耦合精馏塔优化设计方法

基于塔总组合曲线(CGCC),提出了一种简化内部热耦合精馏塔(HIDiC)结构的图形设计方法。在完成精馏段(或提馏段)单塔段中间换热器优化设置的基础上,结合精馏段与提馏段CGCC的集成图,以HIDiC的可减小过程总?损为目标,确定HIDiC热耦合中间换热器的最优设计。以苯乙烯-乙苯HIDiC为例,计算结果表明,设置中间换热器后,HIDiC可减小过程总?损最大值为1.951 MW,HIDiC的冷凝器、再沸器负荷分别下降63.6%和68.4%;热耦合中间换热器分别设置于精馏段第2、12、和38块塔板,提馏段第20、28和36块塔板,热负荷依次为0.841、1.496和2.053 MW。     

萃取塔数学模型及过程强化的若干研究进展

萃取塔因生产能力大、占地面积小、密闭性好等优点，在石油、化工、生物、医药和环境工程等多领域被广泛应用。本文从以下几个方面介绍了萃取塔近些年的研究进展：综述了传统萃取塔（脉冲萃取塔、转盘塔与Kühni塔等）的水力学、轴向扩散与传质模型的发展，分析比较了表面张力、传质方向、放大效应等因素对模型的影响；介绍了计算流体动力学（CFD）在萃取塔中单液滴、单相流模拟、液-液两相流模拟、外加能量模拟、与群体平衡模型（PBM）耦合模拟中的应用进展；介绍了国内外设计开发的新型萃取塔，包括改变传统塔的内构件和引入多种外场能量等方式来强化相间传质。研究表明，将先进实验研究方法、准确经验模型和可靠理论计算相结合，将会是萃取塔研究的重要手段和方向。     

交错型开窗导流填料的流体力学性能

为了提高规整填料通量,对传统开窗导流填料结构进行改善,提出一种新型交错式开窗导流填料。在不同喷淋密度下,采用空气-水系统对3种不同交错高度的开窗导流填料进行冷模实验,研究分析了其流体力学性能,并与传统开窗导流填料进行对比。实验结果表明:新型交错规整填料的压降随着喷淋密度的增加而增大,填料盘的交错式结构有效降低塔压降,提高通量,改善气液分布。与传统开窗导流填料相比,3种新型填料盘的干塔压降、湿塔压降显著降低,液泛气速显著提高。其中180-20型填料的压降降低最为显著,220-20型填料的液泛气速最低。同时,在LEVA模型和Bain-Hougen模型的基础上,获得了实验条件下干塔压降、湿塔压降和液泛气速的关联式,其计算结果与实验数据吻合较好。     

内部热耦合精馏塔的传热及优化

为研究同轴式内部热耦合精馏塔（HIDiC）在不同压缩比下的传热量和传热系数,以乙醇-水为分离物系,在自制中试装置中进行了实验研究。建立了同轴式HIDiC的传热模型即利用闪蒸罐代替塔板,计算进出闪蒸罐物流的焓值差,从而得到精馏段与提馏段板间换热量,并通过划分区域的方法计算了传热系数。以年度总费用（TAC）作为优化指标研究了实现外回流为零时所需的外部换热器的个数。结果表明：当压缩比为2.2时,塔间传热量最大,冷凝器和再沸器的负荷最低,且压缩比与传热系数的关系为负相关;随着精馏段与提馏段板间最小换热温差的增大,所需外部换热器个数不断减少,TAC呈现降低的趋势,当外部换热器个数为1,即热量耦合位置为精馏段第一块板与提馏段第一块板时,TAC最低。     

复合塔板上气液穿孔流动测试方法

开发了多路电导测试系统,用于复合塔气液穿孔流动的研究。在开孔率20％的复合塔板上,布置了86路电导探针,在多种操作状态下,详细测定了通气、通液、阻塞筛孔数所占的分率以随气液流量变化的情况。为复合塔板气液流动规律的分析和结构改进提供了新的依据。     

A review of internally heat integrated distillation column

The energy consumption of distillation operation determines the amount of energy consumption throughout the chemical separation process. A heat integrated distillation column(HIDiC) could greatly reduce the irreversibility of the distillation process, so it gradually becomes a research hotspot. There are two major techniques for heat integration in HIDiC: internally and externally. This review paper describes the major research aspects of an internally heat integrated distillation column(IHIDiC), including the heat transfer models, various design structures(including the two-column HIDiC, Concentric HIDiC, Shell and tube HIDiC, Plate-fin HIDiC and the Super HIDiC, etc.), experimental research, simulation and optimization, process control research, as well as industrial plants and potential industrial applications. Among them, the heat transfer performance of various structures was analyzed of the various design structures based on experimental research, the effects of different factors(including relative volatility, reflux ratio, compression ratio, etc.) on HIDiC energy consumption or TAC is summarized in the simulation part. The calculation methods of the overall heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer models are summarized. The various optimization algorithms and optimization results of simplified HIDiC are summarized in the optimization part. The research status and the key technical issues in various aspects of HIDiC are summarized in this paper. In order to meet the requirements of industrial energy efficiency,the selection of multi-component separation distillation configurations needs to be considered more diversified,and internal complex coupling relationship of HIDiC needs to be further studied.     

内部能量集成精馏塔的模拟研究及其节能特性分析

针对苯-甲苯和丙烯-丙烷物系,模拟分析了压缩比、进料状态及换热量分布方式对理想内部能量集成精馏塔的操作特性、所需塔内换热面积及节能效果的影响。将模拟结果与传统精馏塔及热泵精馏塔进行比较,结果显示内部能量集成精馏塔的节能效果对于不同物系有较大差别。对苯-甲苯物系,热泵精馏塔的节能效果最好,节能百分率为40％。对丙烯-丙烷物系,理想内部能量集成精馏塔的节能优势明显,节能百分率在60％～80％。本文提出了内部能量集成精馏塔热温匹配的换热量分布方式。模拟结果表明,达到同样节能效果,采用热温匹配的换热量分布方式可以在压缩比较小时大幅度减小传热面积。采用热温匹配的换热量分布方式可以在压缩比较小时大幅度减小传热面积。     

Reversibility Analysis for Design Optimization of an Internally Heat‐Integrated Distillation Column

Internally heat‐integrated distillation columns (HIDiCs) need heat transfer between the two column sections. Intermediate condensing and reboiling of the rectifying and stripping sections favor the reversibility of the separation process and lead to the increase of heat loads for the two sections but the heat transfer to cover the heat load is costly and generates major difficulties in design. A higher number of stages can reduce the heat load but will also raise the investment cost. The influence of increasing stage numbers on operating cost and capital investment of the HIDiC was evaluated by two HIDiC design cases, and the stage numbers or equivalently the heat loads were optimized to achieve the balance between the two kinds of cost.     

Steady-state operation analysis of an ideal heat integrated distillation column

A systematic approach for the steady-state operation analysis of chemical processes is pro-posed.The method affords the possibility of taking operation resilience into consideration during thestage of process design.It may serve the designer as an efficient means for the initial screening ofalternative design schemes.An ideal heat integrated distillation column(HIDiC),without any reboileror condenser attached,is studied throughout this work.It has been found that among the various va-riables concerned with the ideal HIDiC,feed thermal condition appears to be the only factor exertingsignificant influences on the interaction between the top and the bottom control loops.Maximuminteraction is expected when the feed thermal condition approaches 0.5.Total number of stages andheat transfer rate are essential to the system ability of disturbance rejection.Therefore,more stagesand higher heat transfer rate ought to be preferred.But,too many stages and higher heat transfer ratemay increase the load of the compres     

Approximate design and cost evaluation of internally heat-integrated distillation columns (HIDiCs)

Commercial design programs do not provide a ready-to-use process simulation of tray-by-tray heat-integrated distillation columns, so the computation of the columns using the programs is difficult due to their convergence problem. An approximate procedure for the design of the internally heat-integrated distillation column (HIDiC) is proposed here, and its performance of the design and cost evaluation is demonstrated with two example processes. The approximate design procedure eliminates the artificial heat exchangers and in-tray streams required in the design with the commercial programs, and therefore no information of the exchangers and streams is necessary except the amount of the in-tray heat transfer rate. The economic evaluation indicates that a reduction of the total annual cost of 8.1% is possible with benzene-toluene process and that 59.3% is yielded with the propylene-propane process. The results also demonstrate that the HIDiC is especially efficient for the tight separation system.     

Development on a coaxial heat integrated distillation column (HIDiC)

Various configurations of a column for performing the principle of HIDiC can be proposed, but a coaxial column which is installed a packing in an inside tube and outer side may be one of the simplest columns for HIDiC. In order to examine whether or not the configuration of the packed column mentioned above is appropriate to HIDiC, an experimental apparatus has been set up and heat and mass transfer rates have been measured by using benzene-toluene system. This paper was presented at The 5th International Symposium on Separation Technology-Korea and Japan held at Seoul between August 19 and 21, 1999.     

液固分布器的数值模拟和结构优化

流化床内液固两相流的均布问题一直是制约流化床发展的难点。本文采用颗粒动力学双流体模型来描述液固两相流，应用CFD方法模拟了二维液固流化床换热器下管箱中的流场流动特性，并用模拟手段优化了下管箱中液固分布器的结构参数。模拟结果与试验值吻合较好，模拟结果表明：在V型挡板角度小于滑落角的挡板型式下，多孔板的开孔率在35%左右，开孔直径大小在12mm左右时，下管箱中固含率的不均匀度最小，这种结构参数下液固分布器的分布效果最好。     

短纤维链板式松弛热定型机内部流场测试及数值模拟

在对短纤维链板式松弛热定型机内气体流场部分实测数据的基础上,建立了数值计算模型,利用流体动力学软件Fluent对干燥机箱体单元进行了数值模拟分析。结果表明:所研究短纤维链板式松弛热定型机的匀风板开孔率布置不合理,使得干燥机内垂直于链板运动方向流速不均匀,导致干燥效果的不均匀;由于风机的离心力及蜗壳的导流作用,使得干燥机流场具有明显链板移动方向速度分量,该分量有助于加强干燥过程中的对流传质效果。所建模型的数值计算方法与实际测试结果相近,数值分析结果可以用来作为短纤维链板式松弛热定型机结构优化设计,尤其是匀风板开孔和风机蜗壳的设计的依据。