超声波功率对Ni-Co/ZrO2复合电沉积的影响及电化学研究

在氨基磺酸盐电解质溶液中,采用超声波辅助电沉积的方法,于纯铜板表面制备了Ni-Co/ZrO_2复合镀层。研究了超声波功率对Ni-Co/ZrO_2复合镀层的表面形貌、相结构、显微硬度及耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:超声波功率直接影响复合镀层中纳米微粒的复合量,从而影响复合镀层的结构和性能。超声波功率为240 W时所得复合镀层的显微硬度最高,纳米微粒的复合量最大,耐蚀性最强。同时,超声波功率为240 W时引起的阴极极化最大,有利于纳米微粒与基质金属的共沉积。     

微粒的导电性对复合镀层结构与性能的影响

在复合电沉积过程中辅助施加超声波搅拌,制备出Ni-Al和Ni-Al2O3两种复合镀层。借助扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机研究了微粒的导电性对复合镀层形貌、相结构及性能的影响。结果表明:微粒的导电性对复合镀层的形貌、相结构和显微硬度均有一定影响,但对耐磨性的影响不明显;添加惰性微粒有利于获得形貌良好、结构致密、显微硬度较高的复合镀层。     

Ni-P/nano-Al_2O_3复合镀层的制备及性能

以汽车模具配件—导柱常用的20Cr钢为基材,在其表面制备Ni-P/nano-Al_2O_3复合镀层及普通Ni-P镀层。对Ni-P/nano-Al_2O_3复合镀层的微观形貌、晶相结构、显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能进行了测试与分析,并与Ni-P镀层和基材进行了对比。结果表明,Ni-P/nano-Al_2O_3复合镀层的晶粒细小,结构更加致密,显微硬度平均值可达到436.4 HV,高于Ni-P镀层的357.3 HV和基材的190HV;与Ni-P镀层相比,Ni-P/nano-Al_2O_3复合镀层能更有效地改善基材的摩擦磨损性能。NanoAl_2O_3颗粒复合量对Ni-P/nano-Al_2O_3复合镀层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损质量损失率有一定影响,增加颗粒复合量可以提高复合镀层的显微硬度,改善其摩擦磨损性能。     

超声辅助换向脉冲喷射电沉积钴–碳化铬复合镀层

采用超声辅助换向脉冲喷射电沉积技术在45钢表面制备了Co–Cr_3C_2复合镀层。研究了超声功率和超声间歇时间对Co–Cr_3C_2复合镀层的Cr_3C_2颗粒质量分数、微观形貌、显微硬度、表面粗糙度和耐磨性的影响。超声波的加载极大地改善了复合镀层的组织结构和性能。超声功率为36 W、超声间歇为8 s时,Co–Cr_3C_2复合镀层的表面粗糙度最低,均匀致密,鲜有孔隙,Cr_3C_2颗粒在镀层中的质量分数达到26.85%并均匀地分布在钴基质中,其显微硬度高达695 HV,摩擦因数仅为0.12。该复合镀层在800℃时仍有很好的热稳定性。当热处理温度高于500℃时,复合镀层的显微硬度明显高于硬铬镀层。     

碳钢表面铜-碳化硅纳米复合镀层的制备及其性能研究

在Q235碳钢表面先预浸镀铜,然后采用超声-电沉积方法获得Cu-SiC纳米复合镀层。研究了纳米SiC含量对纳米复合镀层表面形貌的影响,讨论了阴极电流密度、超声功率、温度和电沉积时间对复合镀层显微硬度的影响,获得了较佳的工艺条件:镀液中SiC纳米颗粒含量9g/L,阴极电流密度6A/dm2,超声波功率200W,镀液温度30°C,电沉积时间40min。在此条件下制备Cu-SiC纳米复合镀层,测试了镀层的结合力,并与普通铜镀层进行比较,研究了复合镀层的表面形貌、显微硬度以及在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学阻抗谱(EIS)。结果表明,所制备的复合镀层结合力良好,其表面颗粒尺寸在0.5～1.0μm之间(小于普通铜镀层的1～4μm),显微硬度和反应电阻分别为294.6HV和2446.5.cm2(大于普通铜镀层的162.0HV和1538.7.cm2)。Cu-SiC纳米复合镀层具有较好的机械性能和耐腐蚀性能。     

工艺参数对超声波电沉积Cu-SiO2复合镀层结构与硬度的影响

基于超声波电沉积法制备Cu-SiO2复合镀层,并研究了超声波功率和阴极电流密度对复合镀层结构与硬度的影响。结果表明:复合镀层的结构随超声波功率的增大(0～500W)先改善后恶化,而随阴极电流密度的增加(3～18A/dm2)渐趋稀松;复合镀层的硬度随超声波功率的增大和阴极电流密度的增加均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势。     

化学镀镍–磷–二硫化钼复合镀层及其磨损行为的研究

在45钢基体上化学镀制备得到Ni–P–Mo S2复合镀层,研究了镀液Mo S2添加量(镀层Mo S2含量)对镀层磨损行为的影响。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)等手段表征了镀层的形貌、微观结构和磨损特征,探讨了不同镀层的磨损机制。400°C热处理使镀层金属由非晶态转变为晶态,显微硬度提高,但Mo S2的物相不变。Ni–P镀层的显微硬度(热处理后为1 040 HV)较高,在摩擦过程中能形成对磨损面起保护作用的摩擦层,故Ni–P镀层具有良好的耐磨性,其磨损机制为粘着磨损和转移。镀液添加1 g/L Mo S2时,所得Ni–P–Mo S2复合镀层具有更优异的耐磨性,这是其高显微硬度(热处理后为735 HV)和Mo S2润滑效应的共同作用,以轻微磨粒磨损和转移为主要磨损机制;镀液添加过量(2 g/L)Mo S2时,复合镀层的显微硬度(热处理后为533 HV)较低,摩擦过程中表面不能形成摩擦层,其耐磨性极差,磨损机制为严重的粘着磨损和磨粒磨损。     

电刷镀镍–钨–二硫化钼复合镀层的组织和耐摩擦磨损性能

采用复合电刷镀工艺在2Cr13不锈钢基材上制备了Ni–W–纳米MoS_2复合镀层。采用扫描电镜、显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机对镀层微观形貌、显微硬度和耐摩擦磨损性能进行分析。结果表明:与Ni–W合金镀层相比,Ni–W–纳米MoS_2复合镀层的表面更加平整、致密,显微硬度较低,耐摩擦磨损性能较优。随镀液中Mo S2纳米颗粒质量浓度的增大,复合镀层的摩擦因数小幅下降,磨损量先降后升。当镀液含20 g/L MoS_2时,所得Ni–W–纳米MoS_2复合镀层的综合性能最优。     

超声波功率对电沉积Co-Mo-P镀层性能的影响

采用超声波辅助电沉积工艺在20#钢基体上制备Co-Mo-P镀层,并研究超声波功率对Co-Mo-P镀层的形貌、成分、厚度、硬度、耐磨性能、耐腐蚀性能和磁性能的影响规律。结果表明：不同超声波功率下电沉积的Co-Mo-P镀层致密性和厚度存在差异,导致硬度、耐磨性能、耐腐蚀性能和磁性能差别较大。超声波功率为150 W时电沉积的Co-Mo-P镀层成分较均匀,孔洞缺陷少且晶粒结合更紧密,其厚度、硬度、电荷转移电阻、最大相位角、矫顽力和饱和磁化强度分别达到11.4μm、460.5 HV、3623.2Ω·cm²、68.2°、769.3 Oe、92.7 A·m²/kg,摩擦系数仅为0.52,相比于常规Co-Mo-P镀层表现出高硬度、优良的耐磨性能、耐腐蚀性能以及磁性能。由于在一定范围内提高超声波功率起到较好的强化扩散传质效果,细化晶粒并促使晶粒结合更紧密,Co-Mo-P镀层的厚度增加,致密性逐步改善,因此其性能提高。     

TC4合金表面Cu/micro-WC复合镀层和Cu/nano-WC复合镀层的性能

在TC4合金表面分别制备了Cu/micro-WC复合镀层和Cu/nano-WC复合镀层。比较了两种复合镀层的表面形貌、化学成分和显微硬度,同时分析了两种复合镀层的摩擦特性。结果表明:两种复合镀层都由Cu、W、C元素组成,显微硬度都明显低于TC4合金的显微硬度;摩擦试验前后,两种复合镀层表面轮廓曲线的形态都存在明显的不同;与Cu/micro-WC复合镀层相比,Cu/nano-WC复合镀层的表面形貌较好,W元素的质量分数较高,耐磨性较强。     

Friction behavior of PTFE-coated Si3N4/TiC ceramics fabricated by spray technique under dry friction

PTFE coatings were deposited on the Si₃N₄/TiC ceramic substrate by using spray technology. The surface and cross-section micrographs, adhesive force of coatings with substrate, surface roughness and micro-hardness of the coated ceramics were examined. The friction and wear behaviors of ceramic samples with and without coatings were investigated through carrying out dry sliding friction tests against WC/Co ball. The test results indicated that the coated ceramics exhibited rougher surface and lower micro-hardness, and the PTFE coatings can significantly reduce the surface friction and adhesive wear of ceramics. The friction performance of PTFE-coated sample was affected by applied load due to the lower surface hardness and shear strength of coatings, and the main wear failure mechanisms were abrasion wear, coating delamination and flaking. It can be considered that deposition of PTFE coatings is a promising approach to improve the friction and wear behavior of ceramic substrate.     

激光强化电刷镀Ni镀层耐磨性研究

制备了激光强化电刷镀Ni镀层,研究了其硬度和耐磨性,分析了激光强化电刷镀Ni镀层耐磨性增加的原因.实验结果表明:当P激光为400 W时,激光强化电刷镀Ni镀层的硬度比普通Ni刷镀层提高约250 HV,相对耐磨性是1.56倍,晶粒细化是镀层硬度和耐磨性增强的主要原因.     

Microstructural,mechanical and tribological properties of suspension plasma sprayed YSZ/h-BN composite coating

Brittleness, relative high friction coefficient and wear rate limit the applications of ceramic coatings as wear-resistant layers. However, because embedding additives with ceramic matrix has demonstrated to be an effective way to improve coating performances, different contents and size of h-BN were added into an YSZ suspension. Afterwards, the YSZ/h-BN composite coatings were manufactured by suspension plasma spray and their tribological analysis indicated that: i) the reduction of the friction coefficient and wear rate can be achieved by incorporating h-BN into YSZ coating. ii) finer h-BN particle is more helpful to enhance the tribological properties of the coating. iii) the optimum content is dependent on h-BN particle sizes. iv) when the contents and the size of the h-BN inclusion increase, the probability distribution of the micro-hardness can become bi-modal. Three worn surface conditions were summarized and their wear mechanisms were discussed as well.     

化学镀制备高耐蚀耐磨Ni-P-SiC复合镀层

研究了Ni-P-SiC复合镀层的制备工艺和性能以及SiC含量对镀层性能的影响。采用Taber试验机对Ni-P-SiC复合镀层的磨损性能进行了测试,并用VHX-100型三维视频显微镜对磨损形貌进行了观察,分析了复合镀层的磨损机理。结果表明:SiC颗粒的加入能有效地降低摩擦副之间的犁沟效应及摩擦表面发生粘着的面积,从而减少镀层的磨损。采用电化学实验等手段研究了Ni-P-SiC复合镀层的耐蚀性能。当复合镀层均匀一致,能起到一个良好的屏蔽作用时,耐蚀性十分优异;而镀层缺陷的存在将导致耐蚀性能降低。     

Effect of Annealing Temperature and Alumina Particles on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Ni-P-Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> Composite Coatings

In this study, the effect of annealing temperature and alumina particles on micro-hardness, corrosion, wear, and friction of Ni-P-Al₂O₃ composites coating is studied. The electroless nickel composite coating with various alumina particle content is deposited on a mild steel substrate. The corrosion behaviour and tribological behaviour (wear and friction) of the composite coated samples are investigated and compared with Ni-P coated samples. The micro-hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of the composite coating improved significantly after heat treatment (400 °C) and in the presence of alumina particles. The composite coating deposited with alumina particle concentration of 10 g/L in an electroless bath and heat treated at 400 °C shows excellent results compared to Ni-P, as-deposited Ni-P-Al₂O₃ coating and coatings heat treated at different annealing temperature (200 °C, 300 °C, and 500 °C). Microstructure changes and composition of the composite coatings due to incorporation of alumina particles and heat treatment are studied with the help of SEM (scanning electron microscopy), EDX (energy dispersive X-ray analysis and XRD (X-ray diffraction analysis).     

Study on Tribological Properties of Carbon/Aramid Fabric Coatings Modified by Boron Nitride of Single Layer

Carbon/aramid fabric composite coatings modified with boron nitride of single layer were fabricated through a dip-coating method. The composite coatings were cured with successive heating processes in an oven. The friction and wear properties of those as-prepared coatings were studied on a block-on-ring tester. The obtained results showed that the wear life of the coatings increased obviously after inclusion of boron nitride of single layer; however, the values of friction coefficients of the coatings almost remained constant. The optimal loadings of boron nitride of single layer in our experiments was 5 wt.%, and the wear life of the modified coating increased by ca. 360% compared with that of pristine fabric composite coating. The worn morphology of the sliding surface for both pristine fabric coating and the composite coatings filled with boron nitride of single layer was discussed, and the wear mechanisms were illuminated.     

Friction behavior of TiN–MoS2/PTFE composite coatings in dry sliding against SiC

To improve the dry friction behavior of traditional hard coatings, MoS₂/PTFE lubricating coatings were prepared on the PVD TiN-coated cemented carbide using spray method. The influences of MoS₂/PTFE lubricating coatings on the primary characteristics of TiN coatings were investigated. Reciprocating sliding tests were carried out with the TiN–MoS₂/PTFE coated specimen (T-M-P) under dry sliding conditions, and the tribological behaviors were compared to those of the TiN-coated one (T-N). The test results indicated that the adhesion force of coatings with substrate for T-M-P specimen increased, the surface micro-hardness, roughness and friction coefficient significantly decreased. Meanwhile, the surface adhesions and abrasion grooves of T-M-P specimen were reduced, and the main wear forms of T-M-P were abrasion wear and coating delamination. The MoS₂/PTFE lubricating coatings can be considered effective to improve the friction properties of traditional hard coatings.     

Cathode plasma electrolytic deposition of Al2O3 coatings doped with SiC particles

Semiconductor particles doped Al₂O₃ coatings were prepared by cathode plasma electrolytic deposition in Al(NO₃)₃ electrolyte dispersed with SiC micro- and nano-particles (average particle sizes of 0.5–1.7?µm and 40?nm respectively). The effects of the concentrations and particle sizes of the SiC on the microstructures and tribological performances of the composite coatings were studied. In comparison with the case of dispersing with SiC microparticles, the dispersion of SiC nanoparticles in the coatings was more uniform. When the concentration of SiC nanoparticles was 5?g/L, the surface roughness of the composite coating was reduced by 63%, compared with that of the unmodified coating. Friction results demonstrated that the addition of 5?g/L SiC nanoparticles reduced the friction coefficient from 0.60 to 0.38 and decreased the wear volume under dry friction. The current density and bath voltage were measured to analyze the effects of SiC particles on the deposition process. The results showed that the SiC particles could alter the electrical behavior of the coatings during the deposition process, weaken the bombardment of the plasma, and improve the structures of the coatings.     

电镀银/钯/硬金组合耐磨镀层工艺研究

为了提高镀硬金导电环的耐磨性,在黄铜基材上电镀铜/钯/硬金、镍/钯/硬金和银/钯/硬金三种组合镀层,通过工艺实验,组合镀层的外观、厚度、结合力、硬度、接触电阻及表面微观形貌等性能测试,以及装配后耐磨性能考核试验,发现银/钯/硬金组合镀层耐磨性最好。结果表明,该镀层耐磨可达100万次,能够满足产品抗磨性要求。