铋系半导体光催化剂及其应用研究进展

光催化技术是一种具有广阔应用前景的绿色环境治理技术，而光催化剂则是该技术的关键，且较之传统的高温、常规催化技术及吸附技术有优越的特性。在目前已研发的各种光催化剂中，Bi系半导体光催化剂是具有可见光响应的光催化剂，在可见光下具有良好的光催化性能。本文综述了国内外对铋系光催化剂及其应用研究新进展，并展望了该系列可见光催化剂发展前景。     

基于聚苯乙烯的多孔空心二氧化钛微球的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用模板法将纳米二氧化钛粒子负载于氨基化的交联聚苯乙烯微球表面,再经过高温煅烧,最终得到一种具有多孔结构的空心二氧化钛微球。并研究了该空心二氧化钛作为光催化剂降解罗丹明的性能,结果表明该催化剂具有较好的光催化活性。     

TiO_2基固体超强酸的制备及光催化性能研究进展

介绍了TiO2基固体超强酸光催化剂的制备、光催化性能等,总结了国内外关于固体超强酸光催化剂的研究,结果表明,SO42-表面修饰使得TiO2光催化剂的结构和光催化性能显著改善,催化剂表面形成具有超强酸性质的L酸和B酸协同中心,比TiO2光催化剂有优异的光催化氧化活性、稳定性及抗湿性能。对TiO2基固体超强酸光催化剂的应用进行了展望。     

助催化剂在光催化分解水中的应用

在光催化分解水获取H2的研究中,核心的研究工作不仅致力于开发高效的光催化剂,同时更多研究专注于筛选适宜的助催化剂提升光催化活性。通过在光催化剂表面担载助催化剂,光催化剂的分解水活性显著提高。助催化剂在光催化分解水中的应用越来越多,其研究重心逐步从单助催化剂担载过渡到双组分或多组分助催化剂共同担载。本文对助催化剂的作用机理、种类和应用作一个简要的综述,并对助催化剂的选择和前景做了展望。     

专利名称：流化床光催化氧化水处理反应器

本实用新型公开了一种反应器．具体而言是流化床光催化氧化水处理反应器。包括反应器和紫外光源．紫外光源位于反应器中，紫外光源与反应器筒壁之间装填有负载型TiO2光催化剂。负载型TiO2光催化剂装填在石英灯套与反应区筒壁之间，在进水水流以及曝气气流的作用下催化剂颗粒在反应区内达到充分的流化。由于催化剂颗粒在反应器内的充分流态化．可成功实现反应物、催化剂和入射光能的充分接触，具有较高的传质效率和光能利用率，不仅可以提高光催化效率，还可很好地解决光催化在工业应用上存在的催化剂回收的难题。同时紫外光能的利用率高，有效光照面积大，适合于工业规模应用。     

二氧化钛光催化剂的中毒机理及再生技术分析

光催化剂的中毒已经成为限制光催化技术进一步发展的主要因素.对气-固光催化技术和液-固光催化技术中光催化剂失活机制进行了分析,对光催化剂的活性分析技术进行了介绍,并总结了国内外关于TiO2光催化剂中毒再生技术的研究成果,为光催化技术在实际应用中遇到的中毒及再生问题提供了参考.最后,对光催化剂失活的研究进行了展望.     

纳米TiO_2光催化研究进展

介绍了TiO2光催化的原理,光催化技术的发展进程,详细叙述了过渡金属离子掺杂改性光催化剂以提高其光催化性能的机理,并对光催化剂在污水处理、空气净化、自清洁材料方面的应用进行了综述,最后对TiO2在今后的发展进行了展望。     

三相流化床中光催化降解反应特性的研究

在设计并建立的流态化光催化反应器中,采用负载型光催化剂对甲基橙水溶液进行了光催化降解实验研究。优化了三相流化状态下光催化反应器的操作条件, 其结果为:气体流量200-250Lh-1,液体流量30 Lh-1,催化剂用量为1.5gkg-1处理液;考察了该反应器中催化剂的使用寿命,为光催化降解技术的工业应用研究提供了参考。     

旋转薄膜浆态光催化反应器

在分析现有光催化反应器特点的基础上，提出了一种新型的旋转薄膜式浆态光催化反应器（RFFS）。用商品化光催化剂Degussa P25，以苯酚模型有机物为降解对象，对比了RFFS与传统鼓泡浆态光催化反应器（TBS）的性能，研究了RFFS的光催化性能。结果表明，与传统浆态光催化反应器相比，RFFS具有较高的光催化性能，尤其是能够在较高的光催化剂浓度下运行。在光催化体系的循环流速大于2.7 L·min-1、供气流量为1.0 L·min-1、催化剂浓度为3.0 g·L-1的条件下，RFFS比传统浆态鼓泡光催化反应器的降解速率提高1.6倍。RFFS利用旋转浆态薄膜强化了光催化反应体系的传质，同时提高了体系中光催化剂对光能的利用率，较好地解决了光在传统浆态体系中的传递问题，为开发新型的具有工业应用前景的光催化反应器提供了方案。苯酚在RFFS中的降解动力学符合表观一级动力学模型，理论值与实验结果吻合较好。     

半导体多相光催化及其应用

介绍了半导体光催化的应用研究现状,用作光催化剂的材料,光催化剂的制备和性能,阐述了光催化在环境治理方面的应用,并简述了光催化在卫生保健方面的潜在应用价值。     

多孔g-C3N4基光催化材料的制备及应用研究进展

多孔g-C₃N₄基光催化材料由于具有较高的比表面积、丰富的反应活性位点和较短的电子传递路径等特点,能较好地解决块体g-C₃N₄基材料存在的比表面积小、光生载流子复合快及可见光利用效率低等问题,因而具有广阔的发展前景和应用潜力。本文主要从以下方面进行综述：多孔g-C₃N₄基光催化材料常用的制备方法,包括硬模板法、软模板法、水热合成法、热聚合法、超分子自组装法;多孔g-C₃N₄基材料在光催化领域的应用,包括光解水制氢、光催化降解有机污染物、光催化去除氮氧化物和光催化还原CO₂等;最后指出了当前影响多孔g-C₃N₄基光催化材料发展的关键问题,并对其在光催化领域的应用前景进行了展望。     

含铋光催化材料的研究进展

含铋光催化材料因其能吸收可见光、催化活性高而具有广阔的应用前景。本文主要回顾了含铋光催化材料近年来的研究概况,详细介绍了铋氧化物、卤氧化铋及钛酸铋、钨酸铋、钒酸铋、钼酸铋、铁酸铋等光催化剂的结构、制备和光催化性能,重点对光催化性能的改进方法进行了综述,包括制备方法的改良、催化剂的掺杂改性及复合催化剂的制备等;最后针对进一步提高光催化剂整体性能、实现工业化应用两点,提出了未来可以利用多元元素掺杂、多元半导体复合进行改性和负载于某些载体制备整体催化剂进行改良的观点。     

Synthesis and characterisation of novel titania impregnated kaolinite nano-photocatalyst

Nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO₂) has received a great attention in the field of research and development as a promising photocatalyst to promote the degradation of organic contaminants in water. One of the key technical challenges involved in separation and recovery of the photocatalyst particles from the water treatment system makes this technology unviable as an industrial process. A novel titania impregnated kaolinite (TiO₂/K) photocatalyst was synthesized by a modified two step sol–gel method: hydrolysis of titanium(IV) butoxide and heterocoagulation with pre-treated kaolinite (K) clay. The TiO₂/K photocatalysts were characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and BET specific surface area measurements (BET). The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation of Congo red in aqueous solution. The TiO₂/K photocatalyst had a rigid porous layer structure and promising nano-size properties, and demonstrated an enhanced adsorption and photocatalytic ability for the removal of Congo red. The TiO₂/K photocatalyst can be easily separated and recovered from the water treatment system. The TiO₂/K photocatalyst is expected to deliver a true engineering solution for an industrial water/wastewater treatment process.     

Defect pyrochlore oxides: as photocatalyst materials for environmental and energy applications ‐ a review

Photocatalytic technology utilizing abundant solar light holds great promise to tackle many challenging environmental and energy issues. In recent years, various types of photocatalysts have been developed that are active for environmental purification and hydrogen production. Papers reporting preparation, characterization and photocatalytic testing of binary, ternary and quaternary compounds have been reviewed. The present review focuses on photocatalyst materials which adopt a defect pyrochlore structure. Starting with a brief introduction to semiconductor‐based photocatalysts for environmental clean‐up and hydrogen generation from water splitting, the development of high‐efficiency UV and visible light driven photocatalysts belonging to the defect pyrochlore family is reviewed. The review covers all the defect pyrochlore photocatalysts studied so far, and provides guidance to researchers in this area for further investigation of these materials. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry     

Porous-ZnO-Nanobelt Film as Recyclable Photocatalysts with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity

In this article, the porous-ZnO-nanobelt film was synthesized by oxidizing the ZnSe-nanobelt film in air. The experiment results show that the porous-ZnO-nanobelt film possesses enhanced photocatalytic activity compared with the ZnO-nanobelt film, and can be used as recyclable photocatalysts. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the porous-ZnO-nanobelt film is attributed to the increased surface area. Therefore, turning the 1D-nanostructure film into porous one may be a feasible approach to meet the demand of photocatalyst application.     

光催化分解水制氢中硫化物空心结构的研究进展

利用太阳能进行的分解水制氢技术,可以促进太阳能的有效利用和清洁能源氢能的研发。在光催化制氢中,半导体光催化材料的性能是光催化反应性能提升的核心要素,制备优异、高效的光催化剂是提升光催化反应活性的关键步骤。本文从材料形貌和制备角度出发,选取金属硫化物为光催化中的主体半导体,对国内外金属硫化物空心结构的研究、应用和进展进行了回顾,分析了空心结构对增大材料比表面积、增强太阳光吸收、加速载流子分离以及提升反应活性的重要性,提出了空心结构在光催化发展中的优势,对空心结构的发展提出了展望,为这些新型材料的未来研发提供参考,从而能尽快提高光催化反应的太阳光利用率和氢气产量,有助于进一步实现光催化技术的工业化应用。     

Visible light-active CdSe/rGO heterojunction photocatalyst for improved oxidative desulfurization of thiophene

Eliminating sulfur-containing amalgams in fuels and industrial chemicals has become an essential issue for environmental remediation. Photocatalysis is an alternative eco-friendly route for oxidative desulfurization of such substances as thiophene (TP). In this work, we have prepared CdSe nanoparticles by a simple sol-gel process and coupled reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to form CdSe/rGO heterojunction photocatalyst. Exploration of the fashioned photocatalysts showed the overthrow of the visible light absorption and reduction bandgap energy of CdSe from 2.3 to 1.78 eV by adding 15 wt % of rGO. Also, the suppression of the photoinduced charge recombination confirmed by photoluminescence quenching and photocurrent experiments. The optimized CdSe/rGO photocatalyst shows bursting photooxidation of TP in 90 min of visible light exposure with high applicability. This work will lead to the widespread application of metal chalcogenide-built photocatalysts to oxidize the TPs under visible light.     

太阳能光催化分解水制氢研究进展

利用太阳能分解水制备氢气是一种将太阳能转换成氢能的有效方式。介绍了太阳能光催化分解水制氢的原理,综述了近年来国内外太阳能分解水制氢催化剂的研究进展,介绍了贵金属负载、离子掺杂以及复合半导体等技术对催化剂进行修饰和改性处理的技术及其影响,并展望了未来太阳能光催化分解水制氢催化剂的发展方向。     

光催化剂载体及其固定化方法的研究进展

负载型光催化剂是将光催化剂负载固定于载体上而得到的一种复合型光催化材料。在参考近年来国内外光催化领域研究的基础上,对负载型光催化剂的载体的作用、选择的一般原则、常用载体的类型等进行了概述。从负载型光催化剂的负载固定的形式入手,重点综述了近年来光催化剂的负载固定化方法的研究进展,同时提出了目前负载型光催化剂研究的热点和发展趋势。     

Photocatalytic oxidation of propene at low concentration

The present paper analyses the preparation and characterisation of different titanium dioxide-based photocatalysts for propene oxidation at low concentration. Special attention has been paid to the agglomeration of the photocatalysts in form of pellets, to the study of the effect of introducing some carbonaceous materials into the catalyst composition and to comparison with commercial photocatalysts. Our results show that P25 exhibits the best activity among all the studied materials. However, activity importantly decreases when agglomerating the photocatalysts in form of pellets, either with or without carbon addition. The type of carbon material used in the photocatalyst strongly affects propene activity. Thus, carbon materials combining high surface area and high electric conductivity enhance the photocatalyst performance and photocatalyst pellets have been prepared exceeding the activity of a carbon-containing commercial photocatalyst. The importance of the UV-source has been highlighted, showing the 257.7 nm peak radiation much better results than the 365 nm UV-light. The studied photocatalysts are very interesting for propene oxidation not only because of their high activity, but also because it remains constant for more than 40 h and total mineralization of the oxidised propene to carbon dioxide and water is achieved.