矿物掺合料的复合效应及对混凝土性能的影响

选用硅灰、粉煤灰、矿渣粉及偏高岭土等活性矿物掺合料,控制活性掺合料的总掺量为胶凝材料的40%等量取代水泥,采取单掺、双掺、三掺的方式配制混凝土,通过对比各组混凝土试样的力学性能、抗腐蚀性能及微观结构,探讨活性矿物掺合料的复合效应以及对混凝土性能的影响.     

高活性矿物掺合料混凝土力学性能试验

利用正交试验的方法对高活性矿物掺合料混凝土(以下简称掺合料混凝土)的强度进行试验.研究偏高岭土掺量、超细粉煤灰掺量、硅灰掺量对掺合料混凝土7d、14 d、28 d抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度的影响,并对数据结果进行系统分析.试验结果表明,偏高岭土对掺合料混凝土早期的力学性能影响最大,力学性能随着偏高岭土掺量的增加而增加.通过多元线性回归,建立不同因素对掺合料混凝土各龄期抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度的数学表达式,得到偏高岭土和硅灰对掺合料混凝土均为正影响,而超细粉煤灰为负影响的结果.当偏高岭土的掺量为10％(质量分数),超细粉煤灰掺量为15％(质量分数),硅灰掺量为5％(质量分数)时,掺合料混凝土力学性能达到最佳.最后进行微观分析得出,矿物掺合料的复合化具有超叠加效应,能增强掺合料混凝土各龄期的力学性能.     

复合火山灰材料对超高性能混凝土性能与微观结构的物理化学效应

利用偏高岭土部分及完全(0％、20％、40％、60％、80％、100％)取代硅灰,对比研究了复合火山灰材料对超高性能混凝土性能与微观结构的物理化学效应.结果表明:当硅灰与偏高岭土的混合比例为3/2时,可以获得较好力学性能的超高性能混凝土.这主要是因为:一方面,偏高岭土比硅灰可以更好的促进水泥水化,增加混凝土微结构密实程度;另一方面,偏高岭土的加入会降低超高性能混凝土的流动性,提高其粘度,导致混凝土不致密.     

硅灰对混凝土性能影响的研究进展

在我国,通常都会将硅灰作为掺和料在混凝土工业中运用。已有研究证实,混凝土的性能会受到大量因素的影响,而适当加入活性硅灰成分对于提高混凝土抗压强度、抗析强度等力学性能而言均具有非常重要的作用,同时也能够优化混凝土的耐久性能,延长其使用寿命,满足高性能混凝土相关指标要求,使得工程质量得到提高。本文分析了硅灰对混凝土力学性能和耐久性产生的影响,以此展望复合掺料对混凝土性能施以改进的研究前景。     

偏高岭土和硅灰对混凝土性能影响的对比分析

分别采用0％、3％、6％、9％、12％的偏高岭土和硅灰取代水泥制备混凝土,对比研究了偏高岭土和硅灰对混凝土工作性、力学性能、耐久性和体积稳定性的影响.研究结果表明:偏高岭土和硅灰导致新拌混凝土坍落度的下降,含偏高岭土的新拌混凝土坍落度下降更明显;偏高岭土和硅灰均具有良好的促强作用,偏高岭土的早期促强作用更优,且对混凝土抗折强度的提高更显著;随着偏高岭土和硅灰掺量的增加,混凝土氯离子扩散系数显著下降,偏高岭土和硅灰对于混凝土抗氯离子渗透性的改善效果类似;偏高岭土和硅灰均降低了混凝土14 d龄期后的干缩,偏高岭土降低混凝土干缩的效果较硅灰更好.     

偏高岭土-水泥基材料力学性能研究进展

在配制水泥基材料过程中,利用活性材料替代部分水泥,可提高基体的力学和耐久性能,同时还可减少水泥用量,对节能减排有重大帮助.近年来偏高岭土(MK)活性材料开始受到广泛关注和研究,其对水泥基材料性能的影响研究也有重大进展.主要综述了MK对水泥基材料力学性能的影响研究进展,主要包括含杂质煅烧高龄粘土以及纯MK对砂浆和混凝土的早期和后期力学性能影响,MK与石灰石粉(LF)复掺对水泥基材料力学性能以及MK对超高性能混凝土(UHPC)的力学性能影响,最后对MK-水泥基材料的未来研究方向进行了展望.     

偏高岭土水泥土的研究现状综述

偏高岭土是优质活性掺合料,是高岭土在适当温度下脱水形成的无水硅酸铝.其在混凝土强度与耐久性提升方面发挥了积极的作用,取得了较大的研究进展,但在水泥土中应用研究方面略显不足.本文综述了偏高岭土在不良地基处理与工业废料固化处理方面的研究现状,并对偏高岭土水泥土力学性能、耐久性能、微观结构、固化机理四个方面的相关研究成果进行介绍,指出目前研究存在的问题和未来的发展方向,为推动该新型材料在水泥土中的研究和应用具有重要的指导意义.     

偏高岭土在水泥基材料中应用的研究进展

对偏高岭土的火山灰活性,煅烧工艺,及其对水泥基材料孔结构,水化过程,力学性能的影响进行了综述.详细总结了偏高岭土改性水泥基材料耐久性能的研究进展,包括抗氯离子渗透性能,抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能,抗碱硅酸反应性能,及改性材料的收缩性能,最后提出了偏高岭土矿物掺合料未来的发展趋势并对应用前景进行了展望.     

硅灰对超轻水泥基复合保温材料性能的影响

超轻水泥基复合保温材料(UCIM)是以水泥为胶凝材料,膨胀聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料(EPS)颗粒、掺合料、泡沫剂、改性剂和水等为主要原料,采用物理发泡工艺制备而成。UCIM由EPS颗粒与泡沫混凝土基体互穿构成,不同品种的掺合料等效替代水泥后,能不同程度影响水泥浆体对EPS颗粒的包裹性,从而影响UCIM结构的均匀性与制品性能。通过设计不同掺量的掺合料,对比硅灰、偏高岭土及矿粉所制备的UCIM的均匀性及强度,结果表明,当采用硅灰时,UCIM未产生分层离析现象且制品强度试验结果较好;通过微孔拍摄及强度、热工性能测试,系统研究了硅灰掺量对UCIM的泡沫混凝土基体的孔结构、强度和导热系数的影响,结果表明,适宜掺量的硅灰能提高UCIM的力学性能,使UCIM的泡沫混凝土基体的平均孔径减小,进而有利于降低UCIM导热系数。     

偏高岭土改性超高强混凝土的强度构成分析

以偏高岭土、矿粉和粉煤灰为矿物掺合料进行单掺、二元和三元复掺配制偏高岭土改性超高强混凝土。为了研究偏高岭土改性超高强混凝土的抗压强度及其强度构成、矿物掺合料的活性,分别对龄期为3d、28d、56d的混凝土试件进行抗压试验,并利用混凝土火山灰效应数值分析方法,对三种矿物掺合料的活性指数及其火山灰效应强度贡献率、水泥水化反应强度贡献率进行了计算分析。结果表明:28d龄期时,混凝土的抗压强度达到了100MPa,且三元复掺时混凝土的抗压强度最高;三种矿物掺合料中偏高岭土的活性指数最高;依据矿物掺合料的活性指数及其火山灰效应强度贡献率、水泥水化反应强度贡献率,计算出具体贡献的强度值,得出了偏高岭土改性超高强混凝土的强度构成。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.