废加氢催化剂中金属钼回收技术研究

为了减小废加氢催化剂对环境的影响,同时提高废加氢催化剂的价值,采用Na_2CO_3焙烧-浸取法技术回收废加氢催化剂中的金属钼。考察了预处理温度、时间对废加氢催化剂烧残的影响,考察了Na_2CO_3焙烧温度和时间,以及Na_2CO_3含量等工艺参数对金属钼浸出率的影响,确定合适的工艺条件。     

氟化工艺废铬钴催化剂回收利用技术初探

对氟化工艺废铬钴催化剂回收利用进行了研究．提出以生石灰为填料．以硫酸为浸取剂的工艺路线,同时考察了工艺条件对其溶出率的影响,并采用原子吸收光谱法对废催化剂溶出液中的钴铬2种元素进行检测。结果表明,较佳的工艺条件为：焙烧温度400℃．焙烧时间4h,废催化剂粒度筛孔0．25mm.废催化剂中钴铬的溶出率达98％以上。     

加氢脱硫废催化剂综合利用研究

提出了石油精炼过程中产生的加氢脱硫镍-钼-铝系废催化剂的湿法全回收新工艺路线和工艺条件。研究了分离废催化剂中的钒、钼、镍、铝等有价金属的原理及技术特点。实验结果：n（碳酸钠）／（钼＋钒）：1．5，加入适量的添加剂，粉碎至≤180μm，700℃焙烧2h，用热水浸取，Mo和V的浸出率可达90％以上。     

钴-钼废催化剂综合利用研究

对钴－钼废催化剂的综合利用进行研究，确定了回收废催化剂中钴，钼，铝，钾4种元素的工艺路线，采用氢氧化钾浸渍－焙烧法来回收钼，钼的回收率较焙烧－浸取法和碳酸钠浸渍－焙烧法都要高，通过单因素实验和正交实验，确定了钼回收过程的最佳工艺条件，通过单因素实验，找出了铝回收过程的最佳工艺条件，保证了铝在产品合格的基础上有较高的回收率，通过对经济效益进行估算可知，对废催化剂进行综合利用，不仅具有很好的环境效益，而且具有显著的经济效益。     

从钴——钼废催化剂中回收钼的研究

从钴—钼废催化剂中回收钼的方法即碳酸钠浸渍焙烧法。对回收原理和影响浸取率的一些主要因素进行了较为详细的介绍。本工艺钼的回收率高,工艺简单并具有显著的社会和经济效益。     

PC-88A萃取钴钼废催化剂浸取液中MoO22+的工艺

全面阐述了从钴钼废催化剂浸取液中综合回收有价金属离子MoO22+的方法,设计出有效的综合回收新工艺。通过讨论某些金属的萃取率E和平衡pH值之间的关系,确定采用PC-88A来有效萃取钴钼废催化剂浸取液中的MoO22+。通过单因素实验重点研究了水相pH值、萃取剂浓度、相比、搅拌时间、搅拌速率及萃取温度等因素对萃取率的影响,确定了MoO22+回收过程的最佳工艺条件。结果表明在水相pH≈0.85,萃取剂浓度为15%(体积分数),相比为3∶1(体积比),搅拌时间为30min,搅拌速率为500r/min,温度为24℃时最有利于MoO22+的萃取。新工艺流程简单,钴钼废催化剂浸取液中MoO22+的萃取率高,不仅具有很好的环境效益,而且具有潜在的应用前景。     

废催化剂中三氧化钨的分离回收及其催化合成环己酮的研究

从烟气脱硝的废催化剂中分离回收三氧化钨,通过单因素实验、正交实验及验证实验考察分离回收三氧化钨的最佳条件。确定优化的实验条件为:废催化剂粒径300目,焙烧温度800℃,焙烧时间2.0h,浸取时间48h,氨水用量为4倍理论氨水量。在优化条件下,三氧化钨回收率可达80%以上,纯度可达90%。回收的三氧化钨在催化氧化合成环己酮时性能良好,具有较大的经济价值和社会价值。     

空气焙烧-碱浸法回收废加氢催化剂中的钼和钒

废加氢催化剂中含有大量的有机污染物和金属元素，如钼、钒、镍和铝，若处理不当，会造成严重的生态污染和资源浪费。本研究采用空气焙烧-碳酸钠浸出法处理废弃加氢催化剂以回收其中的钼和钒。通过热力学计算可知低温碳酸钠浸出可以实现废催化剂中钼、钒与铝、镍的分离。单因素实验考察了空气焙烧温度、碳酸钠浓度、反应时间、浸出温度、液固比等工艺条件对钼和钒浸出率的影响。实验结果表明，在焙烧温度500℃，碳酸钠浓度4 mol/L，浸出温度80℃，反应时间90 min，液固比为20:1的条件下，钼和钒的浸出率可分别达到98.02%和94.36%。为了最大限度地回收钼和钒，采用二段逆流浸出流程处理废加氢催化剂，可将钼和钒的浸出率维持在98%和97%。浸出渣中主要含有Al₂O₃, NiO和NiAl₂₆O₄₀，而绝大部分钼和钒被转移至浸出液中。     

含钼加氢精制废催化剂中金属钼的回收工艺研究

简述了含钼加氢精制废催化剂的化学成分及多种回收方法。详细介绍了本回收工艺的特点及影响浸取率的主要因素,确定了合理的回收工艺。     

废弃蒽醌再生催化剂制备聚氯化铝的工艺研究

为回收利用双氧水生产过程中产生的废弃蒽醌再生催化剂(主要成分为活性α-氧化铝),以乙醇为浸取液,在超声条件下对废弃蒽醌再生催化剂进行超声浸取,再对经浸取后的蒽醌再生剂进行高温焙烧,最后经过盐酸溶解及水解聚合等过程制备了聚氯化铝。考察了超声浸取时间、焙烧温度、盐酸与蒽醌再生催化剂焙烧料固液比、水解聚合pH及水解聚合反应温度等因素对氧化铝溶出率和聚氯化铝中氧化铝含量的影响。结果表明,在乙醇超声浸取2 h、焙烧温度为700℃、盐酸与蒽醌再生催化剂焙烧料质量比为5∶1的条件下,氧化铝溶出率为81.2%;在水解pH为4.0～4.4、水解聚合反应温度为80℃的工艺条件下,得到的聚氯化铝产品中氧化铝质量分数为33%,盐基度为81%。该产品絮凝能力良好,可应用于废水净化处理。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.