华池-白豹地区长6油层组储层评价

华池-白豹地区长6油层组是重要的勘探目的层,其砂体发育,含油性较好,但储层物性差,均为低渗、特低渗透储层,是典型岩性—地层油藏.在岩心和沉积相分析的基础上,对大量砂岩样品进行铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X-衍射、压汞分析,结合测井、地震资料,对华池-白豹地区长6储层特征进行综合研究,认为长6储层岩石以细—极细粒长石砂岩为主,胶结物主要为粘土及碳酸盐岩,孔隙类型以原生粒间空隙为主,属于低-特低孔隙度,特低-超低渗储层.影响储层物性的主要因素有碎屑颗粒大小及结构、胶结物类型及含量、孔隙类型、成岩作用和沉积相类型.研究区长6油层组储层总体上以Ⅲ类(差)储层为主.     

可燃性/有毒气体报警器在石化企业中的应用与管理

报警器使用过程中经常出现准确度不稳定,下降、零点漂移、检测器损坏等问题,严重影响着企业的安全生产。分析了可燃气体报警器使用过程中存在的问题,提出了相应的解决方案。     

吴起地区吴410井区长6储层特征研究

通过储层砂体岩芯观察、铸体薄片鉴定、粘土矿物X衍射分析、扫描电镜,压汞测定等方法,得出吴起地区吴410井区长6储层岩石学特征,物性特征以及储集特征,分别为长6储属于低孔低渗储层;储层岩性以长石砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩为主,胶结物主要为绿泥石,伊利石,铁方解石等;孔隙空间主要有粒间孔,长石溶孔和微孔隙三大类。通过对储层特征研究,可为下一步勘探开发提供地址依据。     

Modeling of diffusive mass transport in micropores in cement based materials

In order to predict long-term leaching behavior of cement constituents for safety assessments of radioactive waste disposal, we modeled diffusive mass transport in micropores in cement based materials. Based on available knowledge on the pore structure, we developed a transport porosity model that enables us to estimate effective porosity available for diffusion (transport porosity) in cement based materials. We microscopically examined the pore structure of hardened cement pastes to partially verify the model. Effective diffusivities of tritiated water in hardened cement pastes were also obtained experimentally, and were shown to be proportional to the estimated transport porosity.     

磷渣颗粒级配对水泥石孔结构的影响

采用压汞法对磷渣水泥石的孔结构进行了试验研究,又用灰色关联分析不同磷渣颗粒分布对水泥石孔结构的影响,并用Origin作图分析磷渣水泥石孔径分布的变化趋势。结果表明:对于不同的磷渣,其颗粒级配对水泥石的孔结构的影响有显著差异,并不是细颗粒含量越高水泥石总的孔隙率越低,而要根据具体的磷渣选择适当的粉磨细度。     

Porosity Effects on Machining Direction—Strength Anisotropy and Failure Mechanisms

The anisotropy in room-temperature flexural strength of ceramics as a result of machining test bar tensile surfaces parallel vs perpendicular to the bar axis was studied for various porous bodies. This shows that fine, relatively homogeneous porosity has no significant effect on such Strength anisotropy, implying that such porosity has no significant effect on flaw sizes or shapes, which was also shown by fractography. However, as the size of pores or pore clusters (due to pore heterogeneity) increases, the strength anisotropy diminishes, becoming zero when the pores or pore clusters dominate failure. Logarithm of strength vs porosity (P) plots for the two machining directions followed nearly parallel lines for fine, homogeneous porosity, but have less separation and intersect at lower porosity as pore size or heterogeneity increases. Fracture toughnesses calculated from fractography data for A1₂O₃ and B of varying porosity levels could be normalized to values at P ∼ 0. Thus, extrapolation of strengths to P = 0 is clearly justified for bodies with fine, homogeneous porosity, but may be uncertain in bodies with coarser, or heterogeneous porosity.     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区G27区块长4+5储层特征研究

根据姬塬地区延长组长4+5段储层砂岩的岩石薄片、铸体薄片及高压压汞等分析测试资料,结合前人成果,对延长组长4+5段储层特征进行了进一步研究。其储集砂体大部分属于三角洲沉积体系中的三角洲前缘亚相沉积,主要为细粒长石砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩以及少量的长石岩屑砂岩。其颗粒大多呈次棱状,分选较中-好。储集空间主要存在原生粒间孔,岩屑溶孔,长石溶孔,粒间溶孔,晶间孔及微裂缝几种孔隙类型。储层毛管压力曲线形态以单平台型为主,双阶梯形其次,孔隙结构总体上以中孔、中细喉为主,储层物性呈现出低孔隙低渗透的特征。     

鄂尔多斯华庆地区长6储层特征分析

运用岩心观察、扫描电镜、铸体薄片、测井、压汞等资料,对华庆地区长6储层特征进行研究。结果表明,研究区储层砂岩类型以岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主;储层岩石成分成熟度低、结构成熟度中等、成岩程度较高,岩屑成分、填隙物成分都很复杂;孔隙类型以粒间孔和长石溶孔为主;储层为典型的低孔、低渗、超低渗储层,储层非均质性强;压实和胶结是造成储层孔隙度大幅度降低的主要成岩作用,但绿泥石膜胶结一定程度上改善了储层物性;沿解理或压实作用所造成的颗粒破裂缝发生的强烈溶蚀对次生孔隙贡献最大,对储层物性起建设性作用。     

氮气吸附法的致密砂岩孔隙结构分析

微观孔隙结构特征是研究储层中油气储存和运移的关键因素。选取鄂尔多斯盆地西峰地区长8段致密砂岩储层中的样品。通过氮气吸附实验,获得致密砂岩样品的孔隙结构参数。并讨论了各个结构参数与物性的相关性和影响因素。实验结果表明:根据IUPAC的分类,微观孔隙结构属于H3型。比表面积与孔隙度呈一般负相关,与渗透率具有较强的负相关性。微孔(<10nm)与中孔(10～50nm)对比表面积与孔隙体积贡献了80%。孔隙体积与孔隙度和渗透率的相关性均呈现一般正相关性。综合以上,较少的大孔发育可能是导致致密砂岩渗流能力较弱的原因。     

聚合物改性水泥基材料的机理研究进展

综述了近年来聚合物改性水泥基材料(polymer modified cement based materials,PMCBM)改性机理方面的国内外研究进展.从理论角度对PMCBC进行了归纳与总结,重点从4个方面探讨了聚合物改性水泥基材料的改性机理:聚合物对水泥水化过程的影响存在物理作用和化学作用;聚合物对微观结构的主要影响是乳胶粒子的分散和聚合物薄膜的形成;从孔洞结构看,聚合物改变了水泥基材料的孔径分布、特征孔径、平均孔径、最可几孔径、孔隙率等,提高了材料的内聚强度;从聚合物自身结构来看,聚合物的链结构和聚集态结构直接影响水泥基材料的性能.     

Three‐dimensional pore structure and ion conductivity of porous ceramic diaphragms

The ion conductivity of two series of porous ceramic diaphragms impregnated with caustic potash was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. To understand the impact of the pore structure on ion conductivity, the three‐dimensional (3‐D) pore geometry of the diaphragms was characterized with synchrotron x‐ray absorption tomography. Ion migration was calculated based on an extended pore structure model, which includes the electrolyte conductivity and geometric pore parameters, for example, tortuosity (τ) and constriction factor (β), but no fitting parameters. The calculated ion conductivities are in agreement with the data obtained from electrochemical measurements on the diaphragms. The geometric tortuosity was found to be nearly independent of porosity. Pore path constrictions diminish with increasing porosity. The lower constrictivity provides more pore space that can effectively be used for mass transport. Direct measurements from tomographs of tortuosity and constrictivity opens new possibilities to study pore structures and transport properties of porous materials.     

低渗透储层的微观孔隙结构特征研究

本文以鄂尔多斯盆地低渗透储层为例,在岩芯观测、岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜以及压汞资料分析的基础上,分析了该地区低孔低渗砂岩的岩石学特征、储层物性及微观孔隙结构特征;分析了储层有效喉道半径、有效喉道体积、有效孔隙半径、有效孔隙体积及孔喉比等特征参数与孔隙度、渗透率之间具有较好的相关性。     

川西坳陷须家河组二段储层储集空间特征

文章通过取心分析岩心,铸体薄片分析,电镜扫描,压汞法等技术,从孔隙类型,孔隙结构特征,渗透率,孔隙度等方面研究分析了须二段储层的储集空间特征。结果表明,川西北地区须二段储层为致密性砂岩,呈低空低渗,孔隙间连通性差。该研究结果为该段储层的开发利用和保护提供参考。     

Physical modeling of the electrical double layer effects on multispecies ions transport in cement-based materials

The transport of ions through cement-based materials is described at a microscopic scale with a pore modeled by two infinitely large flat plates. The theory of the electrical double layer (EDL) shows that (i) the overlapping between the diffuse layers occurring in the pore is more important as the pore diameter will be small (low than the Debye length) and the pore walls will be strongly charged, (ii) the fluxes of coions and counterions will be respectively increased and attenuated in such pores. The gel pores of cement based materials have similar characteristics. As the capillary pores of the cement based materials with low porosity are connected between them by the pores gel, the transport of ions at a macroscopic scale could be greatly influenced by the overlapping effect of the diffuse layers.     

Microwave and conventional treatment of low-cement high-alumina castables with different water to cement ratios; Part I. Drying

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the microwave and conventional drying method on the strength, porosity and composition of low-cement alumina castables with various water to cement ratios (wcr). High-alumina low-cement castable samples were prepared with different w/c ratios: 0.64, 0.75, 0.82 and 1.13. Changes in wcr were effected through volumetric replacement of cement with 0–0,045-mm tabular alumina having a comparable particle size. Water content in all the composition was constant (4,5%). After curing, the samples were dried conventionally in a laboratory electric drier or in a laboratory microwave drier. After drying open porosity and modulus of rupture were determined. The pore size distribution, pore median and tortuosity of the samples were measured by the mercury porosimetry method. Phase composition was determined using X-ray diffraction. The Rietveld method was used for quantitative analysis. It was found that at low wcr (0.62) the main hydrate formed in the castable was C₃AH₆, which caused a release of a smaller amount of water during the drying process, mainly pore water, resulting in lower open porosity and lower pore size than in the castables with a high wcr (1.13). At a low wcr, the strenght of castable was higher due to a higher amount of hydrates, low porosity and small pore size. On the other hand, at a high wcr, the strength of castable was lower owing to a higher amount of water released in the drying process, which led to loosening the structure of castable. With an increased water-to-cement ratio the degree of CA₂ hydration decreased. The temperature rise due to cement hydration probably influenced the kinetics of this process.     

粉煤灰-水泥浆体的孔体积分形维数及其与孔结构和强度的关系

采用压汞法对不同龄期粉煤灰-水泥浆体的孔分形结构进行了实验研究，测定了复合浆体孔体积分形维数，探讨了孔体积分形维数与孔隙率，孔表面积、平均孔径、孔分布及宏观力学性能的关系。实验结果表明：粉煤灰-水泥浆体的孔结构具有明显的分形特征，孔体积分形维数在3．3～3．5之间；孔体积分形维数越大，浆体的孔径越小、孔隙率越低，孔表面积越大，小于20nm的微孔越多，大于100nm的大孔越少，而且复合体系的抗压及抗折强度也越高。     

下寺湾油田长8油层组储层特征分析

通过对下寺湾油田长8储层的扫描电镜、铸体薄片、压汞及物性等资料的分析，结果表明，研究区该储层以细粒长石砂岩为主；其储集孔隙类型主要为残余粒问孔和长石溶孔；孔隙结构则以细小孔微喉型和微孔微喉型为主。在研究区储层影响因素中，裂缝条件、烃类物质的充注和溶蚀作用为有利因素，而压实作用和胶结作用则为不利因素。     

低孔低渗储层特征及有效厚度的确定

以长岭凹陷葡萄花油层为例,以储层地质学理论为指导,利用岩心分析、测井、录井、分析化验、薄片、扫描电镜、X衍射分析等手段资料,建立姚家组一段基础资料库,确定储层的岩性特征、沉积特征、成岩作用、孔隙结构和物性特征。姚家组一段主要为三角洲前缘相的水下分支河道。岩石类型主要为岩屑质长石砂岩和长石质岩屑砂岩,岩石粒度相对较粗,主要以粉砂、细砂为主。储层孔隙主要以原生孔隙次生溶蚀扩边为主。储层孔隙度主要分布在10%~20%之间,渗透率主要分布在0.01×10-3~20×10-3μm2之间。通过测井与地质及试油资料综合对比研究,确定岩性、物性、含油性、电性下限标准。经过该区域储层68口井442个层测试验证,解释符合率提高10%,使得今后在该类油气层解释评价中具有一定的指导和借鉴意义。     

The Pore Structure of Hydrated Cementitious Compounds of Different Chemical Composition

The pore structure ofβ-C₂S, C₃S, and portland cement pastes was investigated using mercury porosimetry and H₂O and N₂ adsorption. The β-C₂S had more total macro- and mesoporosities than C₃S and portland cement pastes of a similar degree of hydration. C₃S and portland cement pastes had similar total porosities but differed in the porosity size distribution. In the mesopore range, the various test methods gave different results. These differences are discussed on the basis of the various models proposed for cement paste. It is shown that shrinkage could be correlated with the volume of pores <0.03 μm, but not with total porosity.     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长2_1储层特征及其影响因素

根据铸体薄片、扫描电镜、物性、孔隙结构、岩心和测井分析以及化验资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区延长组长21砂岩储层特征进行的研究结果表明,该套储层储集空间以原生孔隙、次生孔隙及裂缝为主;储层物性较差,属于典型的低孔低渗油藏;孔隙包括3种主要的类型:粒间孔隙、已知次生孔隙、微孔和微裂隙,其中以粒间孔隙为主。影响储层质量好坏的主要因素是沉积微相和成岩作用。