石油地质勘探技术的创新与发展

本文首先对进行石油地质勘探技术创新的意义和作用进行了分析和介绍,然后重点对石油地质勘探过程中所应用的关键技术及其特点进行了研究,最后对这些技术或领域的后续发展进行了讨论。     

我国化学除草剂剂型研究进展

对化学除草剂剂型的研究现状进行了分析,对剂型的发展简史进行了概述,对剂型研究进展进行了分析和总结。     

碳化塔内壁鼓包的测定与修复

报道了对某化肥厂碳化塔内壁鼓包进行检测的过程和结果以及修复方法。首先对塔内外壁进行了检验。随后对塔体每个筒节和每个鼓包用测厚仪进行壁厚测定,并对选定的鼓包进行切片检验。最后对鼓包进行了修复。修复后的碳化塔运行状况良好。由此总结出碳化塔修复的要求和技术措施,并对该设备的安全运行提出了建议。     

氨合成塔电炉电极杆密封改进

对氨合成塔电炉电极杆泄露问题进行了分析,提出了解决方案,并对解决方案进行了论证,最后对方案的实施过程和实施后的效果进行了阐述。     

冷凝水-乏汽余热回收技术在轮胎硫化工艺中的应用

对硫化工艺中冷凝水一乏汽的价值进行了介绍;列冷凝水一乏汽余热回收技术特点进行了详细说明;对乏汽余热回收装置技术原理和应用情况进行了细致论述;最后对经济效益和环境效益进行了认真分析。     

国内外丁辛醇市场现状及未来预测

对世界正丁醇和辛醇供需状况进行了分析和预测;对我国正丁醇和辛醇的生产、进口、消费结构等现状进行了分析,对未来的需求进行了预测;结合国外丁辛醇的发展历程,针对目前国内丁辛醇的投资较热情况提出了思考和建议。     

植物油供需市场

概述了印度植物油市场状况,从大豆油、菜籽油和棕榈油市场供需方面深入地进行了分析。重点对棕榈油市场进行了剖析,并对其市场供需状况进行了分析和预测。     

鼠标下座注射模设计

对鼠标下座进行了结构和成型工艺分析,设计了鼠标下座的注射模.对模具的工作过程和原理进行了说明,并对浇注系统和冷却系统的设计进行了简要说明.这对于新型鼠标下座注射模设计具有一定的指导意义和参考价值.     

变换工艺的设计验算与催化剂选型探索

介绍了合成氨变换工序工艺流程的设置和关键设备的选型,对主要工艺参数的设计进行了验算;对热能的回收利用进行了评述;对催化剂的选型、运行和效果进行了总结。     

聚酯(PET)反应过程研究Ⅰ对苯二甲酸和乙二醇直接酯化反应过程分析及主反应化学平衡研究

对乙二醇和对苯二甲酸直接酯化反应过程进行了分析和简化，对ＴＰＡ和ＥＧ的酯化和缩聚反应的化学平衡常数进行了测定     

饮料中胭脂红的荧光测定方法研究

建立了荧光分光光度法检测定饮料中的合成色素胭脂红的新方法。以320.0 nm为激发波长时,胭脂红有一灵敏的荧光发射现象,最大发射波长为432.0 nm。在2.00×10-7～2.20×10-5mol/L浓度范围内,胭脂红的荧光强度与浓度呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为F(%)=2.93×106c(mol/L)+12.9(相关系数r=0.994),检出限为1.00×10-7mol/L。将该方法应用于两种市售饮料中胭脂红的测定,加标回收率在94.4%～109.2%之间。     

淀粉微球吸附胭脂红动力学研究

以模型药物胭脂红为吸附质,考察淀粉微球的吸附动力学特性。分别采用5种常用的吸附动力学方程对不同吸附质初始质量浓度的实验数据进行拟合,结果显示淀粉微球对胭脂红的吸附过程较好地符合Lagergren二级吸附动力学模型。然后通过考虑胭脂红初始质量浓度、体系温度和微球平均粒径对吸附的影响,运用多元回归方法建立了平衡吸附量与质量浓度、温度和平均粒径之间的综合吸附动力学模型。该模型确定了影响淀粉微球吸附载药各种因素的主次关系,为研究淀粉微球的吸附载药作用提供了一种研究方法。     

Research Note Interferences due to Ozone-Scavenging Reagents in the GC-ECD Determination of Aldehydes and Ketones as the (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, -Pentafluorobenzyl) oximes

In order to study ozonation byproduct (OBP) formation as a function of time, it is necessary to quench ozone and thereby fix the concentrations of the byproducts. Reagents chosen for this purpose must not react with the OBPs or otherwise adversely impact the analysis. Six potential ozone-scavenging reagents were tested for possible interference in the GC-ECD determination of aldehydes and ketones after derivatization with O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)oxylamine (PFBOA). All six—sodium nitrite, sodium cyanide, sodium methanoate (formate), indigo-5,5′-disulfonate disodium (Indigo Carmine), indigo-5,5′,7-trisulfonate tripotassium, and tin(II) chloride—were found to interfere in the analysis.     

Photo-Fenton-peroxide process using FE (II)-embedded composites based on activated carbon: Characterization of catalytic tests

Cost-efficient Fenton-like catalysts for the removal of organic molecules in aqueous solutions were elaborated by a simple process. Porous activated carbons (ACs) were directly impregnated with a precursor solution using the wet impregnation method. Their efficiency as Fenton-like catalysts was studied. Photo-Fenton tests were performed to establish the performance of the prepared Fe-impregnated activated carbons in relation to the degradation of an organic pollutant (Indigo Carmine) model in aqueous solution, under different conditions. Photo-catalytic tests were carried out by means of a laboratory photo-reactor (UV-Consulting Peschl). The influence of several parameters such as solution pH value, initial concentration of the model pollutant, and hydrogen peroxide dose on the process performance was investigated. The ACs and prepared catalysts were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms at 77 K, SEM, and thermogravimetric analyses. The total Fe content of the synthesized composites was estimated by the phenanthroline method using UV-vis spectrophotometry. The results show an increase in the degradation rate when the heterogeneous photo-Fenton process is conducted with an ozone generating UV lamp.     

Removal of dyes by Moringa oleifera seed extract. Study through response surface methodology

BACKGROUND: The effect of pH and initial dye concentration (IDC) on dye removal by coagulation/flocculation process with Moringa oleifera seed extract has been studied. The study was carried out by using the response surface methodology (RSM) in an orthogonal and rotatable design of experiments. Three types of dye were studied: anthraquinonic (Alizarin Violet 3R); indigoid (Indigo Carmine); and azoic (Palatine Fast Black WAN). RESULTS: The interaction level of the two variables studied is higher in the case of azo dye, while it is almost null in the case of anthraquinonic dye. Indigoid dye presents an intermediate situation. pH has a negative influence on dye removal, and by raising IDC q capacity tends to be higher. Polynomic regression of the surface plot was carried out and the adjusted r² found for each case, this being 0.99 in the case of anthraquinonic dye, 0.94 in the case of indigoid dye, and 0.74 in the case of azoic dye. CONCLUSIONS: Moringa oleifera is an interesting natural coagulation agent for use in dye removal. pH should be taken into account in the cases of indigoid and azo dyes, while its influence is rather small in the case of anthraquinonic dye. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

DBPs formation and toxicity monitoring in different origin water treated by ozone and alum/PAC coagulation

In this study, aluminium sulphate (alum) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) coagulation were used for coagulation of different origin water (Buyukcekmece, BC and Omerli, OM in Istanbul, Turkey and Carmine, CR in Salerno, Italy) treatment. The effect of pre-ozonation alone and combined with coagulation on NOM removal which was characterized by TOC, UV254 was investigated. DBPs formation and acute toxicity on Daphnia magna of chlorinated raw and treated samples were defined in parallel. Moreover, bromide spiking was evaluated for DBPs speciation. Optimum alum dose for TOC removal was found to be 40 mg/L for OM while 80 mg/L of alum exhibited the lowest total trihalomethane formation potential (TTHMFP). Pre-ozonation enhanced the removal of TOC and reduction of TTHMFP when it was used in combination with both coagulants. In contrast, total haloacetic acid formation potential (THAAFP) increased after each coagulation, ozonation and their combination. 300 µg/L bromide spiking (around the same level with BC) in raw sample collected from CR increased the formation of brominated disinfection byproducts. Raw and treated samples displayed acute toxicity on Daphnia magna in different pattern and practically “no dose-response behavior” was observed.     

Porous network ZrO2/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite with heterojunction towards industrial water purification under sunlight: Enhanced charge separation and elucidation of photo-mechanism

This work majorly aims to synthesize and also investigate the structural, optical, magnetic and optical features of ZrO₂/ZnFe₂O₄ nanocomposite. Here, different ratios of novel hetero-junction ZrO₂/ZnFe₂O₄ were synthesized by simple and fast solution combustion route. The X-ray diffraction results showed the formation of ZrO₂ and ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles and ZrO₂/ZnFe₂O₄ nanocomposites without any impurity. The formation of hetero-junction effectively inhibits the photo-generated charge carrier recombination. The degradation of Indigo Carmine dye by ZrO₂/ZnFe₂O₄ photocatalyst was achieved through synergistic effects with 98% degradation and removal of 77% COD from the industrial dye waste water under Sunlight irradiation. Mixing of ferrites with zirconia greatly improves the photocatalytic activity that has been clearly proposed with the help of mechanism. ZZFO 12 NC exhibits better photocatalytic activity due to the combined facets of photo and Fenton activity. The exposure and enhancement of fingerprints in various surfaces are achieved by a modest, extremely sensitive and eco-friendly method. ZZFO12 NC offer great potential as an active photocatalyst for degradation of 54% of organic pollutant present in industrial waste water under natural Sunlight.     

Reflectance versus transmittance: The effects of light scattering on red colorants (carmine,amazonian red annatto,and peruvian cochinilla rojo and rosada) in biological,textile, and museum science

Spectra were strongly influenced by the way they were measured but, in general, carmine, cochinilla rojo and rosada, and red annatto all had strong transmittance and reflectance of red light (>640 nm), and strong absorbance of green light (520–560 nm). Spectra for carmine and cochinilla rosada both had secondary peaks for transmittance and reflectance (around 420 and 450 nm for stains, respectively), whereas secondary peaks were not found for cochinilla rojo and red annatto. Both cochinilla rosada and rojo stained skeletal myofibers, but only cochinilla rojo withstood alcohol dehydration and mounting as a general stain for paraffin sections. Carmine was ideal for enhancing the appearance of pork because its spectrum was similar to that of myoglobin, thus increasing the absorbance of green light without producing unnatural colors like cochinilla rosada and rojo. Cochinilla rojo dyed alpaca wool orange, and cochinilla rosada dyed wool pink. The scale of the measurement (micro‐ vs. macroscopic) and the type of measurement (transmittance vs. reflectance) were of minor importance in colorimetry, whereas a major effect was detected for light scattering in the sample. A ratio indicative of scattering (400/700 nm) was strongly correlated with chromaticity coordinate x, r = ?0.86, P < 0.001, n = 18. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 599–606, 2014     

吸附电活性染料的活性炭电极电化学性能

采用商用活性炭（AC）吸附二元混合染料亚甲基蓝（MB）和胭脂红（AR18）,制备得到AC/(MB+AR18)电极材料。比较单一活性炭（AC）和吸附不同浓度的二元混合染料后的活性炭[AC/(MB+AR18)]的电化学性能。三电极体系的测试结果表明：在1mol/L H₂SO₄电解液中,当电流密度为1A/g时,吸附了浓度为400mg/L污染物的AC/(MB+AR18)比电容为182F/g,高于单一AC的比电容（109F/g）。随后选用性能最优的AC/(MB+AR18)-400作为电极材料,组装对称超级电容器器件,发现工作电压窗口从只用AC组装的对称超级电容器的1.1V提高到1.5V,电流密度为0.75A/g时,功率密度为843.84W/kg,能量密度可达32.23W·h/kg,远远高于AC组装的超级电容器(4.74W·h/kg),说明MB和AR18不仅为AC提供额外的法拉第电容,同时有助于提高其工作电压窗口。     

Efficient α/β-Bi2O3 composite for the sequential photodegradation of two-dyes mixture

A mixture of α/β-Bi₂O₃ and α-Bi₂O₃ powders were obtained by a simple solid state reaction–annealing route at 550 °C. The structure, optical properties and surface area of the commercial α and β-Bi₂O₃ and the synthesized α-phase and α/β-composite were well characterized by X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance spectra and N₂ physisorption. The annealed sample at 550 °C showed 20% of β-phase, forming a heterojunction of α/β-Bi₂O₃ whereas annealing at elevated temperature (650 °C) lead to the α-phase. Optical properties showed that the presence of the β-phase is mainly responsible for narrowing the energy band gap. The photocatalytic activity of the commercial α and β-Bi₂O₃ and the synthesized α-phase and α/β-composite were investigated in degradation of single dyes, Indigo Carmine (IC) and Rhodamine-B (RhB) under both UV and visible light-induced photocatalysis. For the best photocatalyst, the photodegradation in a two-dye mixture solution was systematically studied considering the type of dye, the adsorption capacity of the samples and the behavior of dye photodegradation. The photocatalytic performance of α/β-Bi₂O₃ was comparatively much higher than the commercial α and β-Bi₂O₃, indicating that better performance of efficient charge separation and transfer across α/β-Bi₂O₃ composite was obtained. Possible mechanism of the single dye and two-dye mixture degradation was given by using α/β-Bi₂O₃ composite.