多相聚合物体系的增容及其应用

介绍了聚合物共混物的相容性,综述了聚合物共混物的主要增容方法,包括加入大量应性相容剂,引入氢键、反应性增容、互穿网络的形成以及交联等,同时讨论了增容技术在原位复合材料,尼龙共混以及制备动态硫化热塑性性体（ＴＰＶ）中的应用。     

PP／PS合金技术进展

PP和PS是不相容的聚合物 ,直接机械共混的产物性能较差 ,通过添加相容剂 ,如嵌段共聚物或接枝共聚物能提高共混物性能。在线增容技术已用于PP、PS反应性增容 ,生产高性能的合金。     

PP/EVOH共混物结构与性能研究

采用丙烯酸接枝聚丙烯（PP-g-AA）、衣康酸接枝聚丙烯 (PP-g-ITA)、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯 (PP-g-MAH)3种相容剂增容聚丙烯（PP）/乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)共混体系,研究了共混体系的相容性、热性能、力学性能和阻隔性能。红外光谱分析表明,相容性的改善源于相容剂与EVOH之间形成的酯键和氢键。扫描电镜显示,PP-g-AA、PP-g-ITA、PP-g-MAH的增容作用依次增强,共混体系中相容剂增容作用越强,分散相尺寸越小,界面结合越牢固。差示扫描量热分析发现,PP/EVOH增容共混体系中EVOH组分的结晶温度低于不含相容剂的共混体系EVOH组分的结晶温度,PP组分的结晶温度变化则相反。增容共混体系与不含相容剂的共混体系相比,拉伸强度提高了10 MPa,吸油率降幅达0.8 %。     

增容技术及其工业应用

综述了聚合物共混中的主要增容技术，介绍了外加聚合物型非反应性和反应性增容剂，低分子量反应性化合物以及共混反应增容技术与进展。讨论了增容技术在共混及金化领域，如热塑性塑料的冲击改性，尤其是在动态硫化技术中的应用。     

共混反应增容技术进展

本文综述了聚合物共混反应增容技术的进展，介绍了增容技术所采取的化学反应类型及特征．采取的技术路线包括官能性共混组分之间的反应，反应性聚合物型增容剂的加入；低分子量反应性化合物的应用．同时还介绍了在挤出机或密炼机中用反应增容技术制备共混物的应用．如动态硫化法制备热塑性弹性体、通过热塑性塑料的冲击改性、工程塑料的改性等．     

NBR混入NR-EVA并用胶的吸附作用和物理性能

NBR已被用作采用硫黄硫化体系硫化的NR-EVA并用胶的相容剂。添加相容剂进行增容试样的溶剂吸收量明显减少,这是由于相容剂加强了共混物中NR与EVA组分之间的界面粘合。研究发现临界相容剂用量为6份。共混物的表面形态和物理性能,进一步验证了这种吸附特性。并且讨论了增容共混物在传输过程中的动力学。     

聚碳酸酯与聚乙烯的增容研究进展

介绍国内外聚碳酸酯(PC)与聚乙烯(PE)的增容研究进展。PC与PE共混体系的增容方法有接枝改性增容、辐射增容等共混组分的直接反应增容,以及加入PE接枝共聚物或其它共聚物的反应性增容剂增容。讨论了目前研究中存在的问题,并指出了增容PC与PE体系的发展趋势。     

高分子合金反应性共混体系研究近况

综述了反应性增容技术研制高分子合金的最新进展 ,分别讨论了各种反应性增容技术 ,着重阐述了带有活性官能团的反应性聚合物的增容作用 ,包括含酸酐官能团的反应性共混、含羧酸官能团的反应性共混、含羧酸衍生物官能团的反应性共混及含有环氧基团或羧基的反应性共混等     

HDPE-g-MAH和POE-g-MAH对HDPE/PA6共混物性能的影响

分别以高密度聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐（HDPE-g-MAH）和乙烯-辛烯共聚物接枝马来酸酐（POE-g-MAH）作为相容剂,通过熔融挤出法对PE100/PA6共混物进行共混改性。研究了两种相容剂的用量对共混物力学性能、热性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明：HDPE-g-MAH与POE-g-MAH相比,都使体系发生反应性增容的同时,对共混物的结晶性更为有利,使得PE100/PA6/HDPE-g-MAH的综合性能更好,更适合作为PE100耐热改性时的增容剂。     

高分子反应性共混体系研究近况

综述了反应性增容技术研制高分子合金的最新进展,分别讲座了各种反应性增容技术,着重阐述了带 性官能闭的反应性聚合物的增容作用,包括含酸酐官能团的反应性共混、含羧酸官能团的反应性共混、含羧酸衍生物官能团的反应性共混及含有环氧基团或羧基的反应性共混等。     

聚合物相容剂和相容化技术进展

介绍了聚合物相容剂的作用、分类、开发及应用 ,重点介绍了反应性相容剂的作用机理及其对共混物体系冲击强度等性能的影响 ,列举了一些具体应用实例     

Confined crystallization phenomena in immiscible polymer blends with dispersed micro- and nanometer sized PA6 droplets, part 2: reactively compatibilized PS/PA6 and (PPE/PS)/PA6 blends

In this paper the relation between the blend phase morphology and the fractionated crystallization behavior of PA6 in reactively compatibilized immiscible PS/PA6 and (PPE/PS)/PA6 immiscible blends is studied. Reactive compatibilization is used as an effective tool for controlling the blend phase morphology, and to reduce the PA6 dispersed droplet size. As reactive compatibilizers, SMA2 and SMA17 are used, which differ in their level of miscibility with the amorphous PS and (PPE/PS) components. With SMA2 a strong shift of PA6 crystallization to much higher supercoolings than before is found after compatibilization resulting in crystallization at temperatures as low as 85 °C. This is ascribed to the strong decrease of the droplet sizes down to 100-150 nm. Nucleation experiments show that heterogeneous bulk nucleation can be reintroduced in the submicron-sized PA6 droplets by adding enough nucleating agents of sufficient small size. The degree of fractionated crystallization is found to depend on the interface between PA6 droplets and surrounding medium, as it is influenced by vitrification of the matrix polymer and by the location of the compatibilizers SMA2 and SMA17. The method used for mixing the reactive compatibilizer with the blend components also affects the fractionated crystallization process.     

改善HPVC／PP共混物的相容性

分别采用ＣＰＥ、ＡＢＳ、ＰＰｇＭＡ、ＰＰｇＰＡＡ和低分子量反应性化合物作相容剂来改善ＨＰＶＣ／ＰＰ共混物的相容性。结果表明：用它们作相容剂可以提高ＨＰＶＣ／ＰＰ共混物的力学性能，改变其形态结构，减小分散相尺寸，改善相容性。其中ＣＰＥ是最佳相容剂。     

Mechanical compatibilization of immiscible blends

The mechanical properties of a variety of immiscible binary blends, with and without third component polymeric compatibilizers, are reviewed and qualitatively related to the degree of adhesion between blend components as determined by lap shear testing. Generally, blends comprised of components which adhere well, one to the other, show improved ductility relative to blends of components which do not adhere, Similarly, polymeric compatibilizers are found to be more effective for improving the properties of a binary blend system if they adhere well to both primary components of the immiscible mixture. These results suggest that adhesion between phases in the mixture strongly influences the ultimate properties of the blend. Some evidence is presented which suggests that components which adhere well are partially miscible.     

Contribution of compatibilizer backbone to degradation and retained functionality of multiple extruded polypropylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends

This study assesses thermal and morphological stabilization of three compatibilizers during mechanical recycling of polymer blends. Polypropylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends compatibilized with three different maleic anhydride grafted compatibilizers were extruded five times via single-screw extrusion. The backbones of the compatibilizers are (1) polypropylene-based, (2) an elastomer block copolymer poly(styrene-co-[ethylene-butylene]-styrene), and (3) a polyolefin elastomer. The degradation and retained functionality of these compatibilizers was assessed by means of simultaneous thermo-gravimetric analysis, melt flow index, a morphology study, differential scanning calorimetry and tensile testing. The results show that degradation of the compatibilized blends during multiple processing is low, although the core stability of the blends depends on the initial stability of all of the components in the blend. The thermal stability across the five extrusions was the most favorable for the matrix based grafted compatibilized blend. The functionality of the compatibilizers did show minor morphological destabilization but did not affect the mechanical properties.     

Polyamide‐reinforced ethylene–propylene–diene rubber compatibilized with chlorinated polyethylene

Vulcanizates of blends of ethylene–propylene–diene rubber and polyamide copolymers were prepared by reactive compatibilization. A reactive route was employed for compatibilizing these blends with the addition of chlorinated polyethylene (CPE). The influence of the compatibilizers, crosslinking agents, blend compositions, and addition modes of the compatibilizers on the mechanical properties of the blends was investigated. The morphologies of the blends were determined with scanning electron microscopy. The addition of CPE was found to reduce the particle size of the dispersed phase remarkably. The stability of the blends with compatibilizers was measured by high‐temperature thermal aging. The mechanical properties were examined by stress–strain measurements and dynamic mechanical thermal measurements; the addition of polyamide copolymers caused significant improvements in the tensile properties of these blends.© 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 1727–1736, 2003     

PET/PE共混合金的研究现状和应用

通过添加增容剂提高PET、PE相容性,提高PET/PE共混物性能。综述了不同结构的共聚行通过非反应性和反应性增容的PET/PE共混合金的研究现状及应用前景。     

相容剂对PC/ABS合金性能的影响

研究了自制的两种相容剂对PC／ABS合金的力学性能、应力开裂性能和熔体流动速率的影响,并用SEM研究了共混体系的相容性。结果表明,相容剂A[(苯乙烯／马来酸酐）共聚物]和相容剂B（ABS接枝共聚物）,均可提高共混体系中两组分的相容性。A、B的最佳用量分别为2％和5％。     

Thermoplastic vulcanizates based on epoxidized natural rubber/polypropylene blends: Effect of compatibilizers and reactive blending

Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) was prepared using the performic epoxidation method. TPVs based on ENR/PP blends were later prepared by melt‐mixing processes via dynamic vulcanization. The effects of blend ratios of ENR/PP, types of compatibilizers, and reactive blending were investigated. Phenolic modified polypropylene (Ph‐PP) and graft copolymer of maleic anhydride on polypropylene molecules (PP‐g‐MA) were prepared and used as blend compatibilizers and reactive blending components of ENR/Ph‐PP and ENR/PP‐g‐MA blends. It was found that the mixing torque, apparent shear stress and apparent shear viscosity increased with increasing levels of ENR. This is attributed to the higher viscosity of the pure ENR than that of the pure PP. Furthermore, there was a higher compatibilizing effect because of the chemical interaction between the polar groups in ENR and PP‐g‐MA or Ph‐PP. Mixing torque, shear flow properties (i.e., shear stress and shear viscosity) and mechanical properties (i.e., tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness) of the TPVs prepared by reactive blending of ENR/Ph‐PP and ENR/PP‐g‐MA were lower than that of the samples without a compatibilizer. However, the TPVs prepared using Ph‐PP and PP‐g‐MA as compatibilizers exhibited higher values. We observed that the TPVs prepared from ENR/PP with Ph‐PP as a compatibilizer gave the highest rheological and mechanical properties, while the reactive blending of ENR/PP exhibited the lowest values. Trend of the properties corresponds to the morphology of the TPVs. That is, the TPV with Ph‐PP as a blend compatibilizer showed the smallest rubber particles dispersed in the PP matrix, while the reactive blending of ENR/PP‐g‐MA showed the largest particles. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4729–4740, 2006     

Synthesis of functionalized copolymers and their compatibilization effects on acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/poly(butylene terephthalate) blends

In this study, the copolymers of methyl methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate (MGD) with different epoxy contents and molecular weights, the styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate (SGD) and methyl methacrylate-co-maleic anhydride (MAD) were synthesized. The synthesized copolymers, styrene-co-maleic anhydride (SMA) and styrene-acrylonitrile-co-glycidyl methacrylate (SAG) were used as compatibilizers to enhance the impact strength of the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/poly(butylene terephthalate) (ABS/PBT). The effects of differences in the structure, reactive group type, and molecular weight of the compatibilizers on the mechanical properties, phase morphology, melt viscosity, thermal stability, and melting temperature of the blend were studied. The results showed that functionalized copolymers were successfully synthesized with high monomer conversions. Addition of the functionalized copolymers increased melt viscosity but did not considerably affect thermal stability, tensile strength, flexural strength and melting temperature of the ABS/PBT blends. The compatibilizers improved the dispersion of the PBT phase and prevented brittle fracture, thereby increasing the impact strength of the blend. Among the studied compositions, the ABS/PBT/MGD-5 blend exhibited the highest impact strength of 25.8 kJ/m² and an appropriate melt flow index of 19.1 g/10 minutes. The compatibilizer should have an appropriate molecular weight to improve the interface bonding force. Regarding the melting viscosity, the reactive group content and compatibilizer dosage should be adjusted to ensure high impact strength.