酯化反应中催化剂的研究进展

酯类物质是一类重要的有机原料，在食品、日用化工及药物生产中被广泛地用作溶剂、香料、防腐剂等精细化工产品或者反应中间体，而酯化反应是制备酯类物质的重要途径。酯化反应通常需在催化剂作用下来完成，本文综述了近年来酯化反应中催化剂应用的研究进展和发展趋势。     

酯化反应催化剂研究新进展

传统的酯化反应催化剂如浓硫酸、磷酸、对甲苯磺酸虽然具有较高的催化活性,价廉易得,但存在副反应多、对设备腐蚀严重、能耗大、反应废液处理复杂等缺点。因此,寻找可代替传统催化剂的新型酯化催化剂势在必行。介绍了近年来酯化反应中催化剂研究的进展情况,对相转移催化剂、室温离子液体催化剂、无机盐催化剂、树脂类催化剂、分子筛催化剂、杂多酸催化剂、固体超强酸催化剂等不同催化剂的特点进行了总结,比较了各类催化剂使用过程中的优缺点。提出了酯化反应催化剂未来的研究方向,主要在于开发高效环保型绿色催化剂。     

十二烷基苯磺酸催化合成醇酸树脂的应用研究

采用十二烷基苯磺酸作为醇酸树脂酯化反应的催化剂,降低PTA醇酸树脂的反应温度,考察了催化醇酸树脂酯化反应的各种因素,确定最佳酯化反应温度及催化剂用量。     

钛系催化剂对PET酯化反应的影响探讨

使用2l反应釜,详细考察了自制钛系催化剂和PET酯化反应的相互影响情况,钛系催化剂在较高反应温度和含水量的酯化反应条件下聚合反应活性不降低,同时对酯化反应过程有促进作用,最后介绍了钛系催化剂在工业装置上对酯化反应影响的应用状况。     

Span80与丙烯酸的合成研究

采用对甲苯磺酸做催化剂进行了Span80与丙烯酸（AA）的酯化反应，合成了反应型乳化剂Span80丙烯酸酯。探讨了催化剂的选择及用量、反应温度及反应时间等反应条件对酯化反应酯化率的影响，确定了较理想的合成工艺条件，且重复性比较好。     

新型无锑催化剂在聚酯合成中酯化反应动力学研究

用自制的新型无锑催化剂,主要含有TiO2、钛酸四丁酯,研究了其催化酯化反应的动力学。实验结果表明,在同样的反应条件下,加入自制催化剂与不加催化剂的反应相比,酯化反应活化能有大幅度的降低;酯化反应时间也可缩短39%。     

用复配催化剂进行丙烯酸丁酯合成的动力学研究

用对甲苯磺酸和甲磺酸按一定比例复配作酯化反应催化剂，在釜式反釜内对丁醇和丙烯酸液相酯化反应进行研究，从温度与酯化速率的关系中求出反应级数（n）、反应速度常数（K）和活化能（E），提出了在使用对甲苯磺酸和甲磺酸复配的催化剂时酯化反应动力学模型。     

树脂催化剂催化生物法丁二酸双酯化工艺研究

采用自主开发的强酸型阳离子树脂催化剂进行对市售生物法丁二酸双酯化反应技术进行研究.首先对生物法丁二酸预酯化反应后的产品进行分离,分离后产品采用自主研发的树脂催化剂进行双酯化反应,研究了双酯化反应过程中,醇酸比、空速、反应温度及压力等操作条件对丁二酸双酯化反应的影响.考察了自主开发的树脂催化剂稳定性及活性,研究发现自主开发的树脂催化剂具有良好的活性与稳定性,具有良好的工业应用前景.     

酯化反应催化剂的应用研究进展

本文主要分析了天然基负栽酸催化剂、无机盐催化剂、阳离子交换树脂催化剂、固体催化剂以及杂多酸催化剂在酯化反应过程中的应用。并且对于酯化反应所需要的条件以及酯化率等相关问题进行了分析。     

离子液体在酯化反应中的研究进展与应用

概述了离子液体作为催化剂在酯化反应中的研究现状,对离子液体在一些酯化反应时的催化剂种类、达到的效果进行了总结。     

反应精馏法合成乙酸乙酯工艺条件的选择

乙酸乙酯是一种重要的有机化工产品，有着非常广泛的用途，生产方法多种多样。采用反应精馏技术，以乙酸和乙醇为原料，浓硫酸为催化剂，采用间歇式进料，对酯化反应生成乙酸乙酯的工艺条件进行了研究。应用气相色谱对产物组成进行了分析。通过实验，确定了该反应的最佳反应条件：醇酸体积比为1．2：1，回流比为4：1，反应时间为2．5h，催化剂用量0．8g。在此条件下，乙酸的转化率达到了93．25％，乙酸乙酯的选择性为79．09％，乙酸乙酯的收率达到了73．76％，均高于传统方法。     

醇酸酯化反应催化剂研究进展

有机羧酸酯是重要的化工产品和药物中间体。传统生产工艺是用浓硫酸作催化剂的醇酸酯化反应,开发环境友好的高效酯化反应催化剂替代传统催化剂成为近年的研究热点之一。本文介绍了近年醇酸酯化反应各种催化体系的研究进展,对分子筛、杂多酸、固体超强酸、树脂等多相催化剂和离子型有机金属化合物、有机(酸)与无机盐等催化剂作了综述,对酸性离子液体在酯化反应中兼作溶剂和催化剂的应用研究进展进行了重点评述,并对其今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

γ-戊酮酸丁酯反应精馏过程的逐步优化方案设计

Butyl-levulinate has been identified as a promising fuel candidate with high oxygen content. Its combustion in diesel engines yields very low soot and NOx emissions. It can be produced by the esterification of butanol and levulinic acid, which themselves are platform chemicals in a biorenewables-based chemical supply chain. Since the equilibrium of esterification limits the conversion in a conventional reactor, reactive distillation can be applied to overcome this limitation. The presence of the high-boiling catalyst sulfuric acid requires a further separation step downstream of the reactive distillation column to recover the catalyst for recycle. Optimal design specifications and an optimal operating point are determined using rigorous flowsheet optimization. The challenging optimization problem is solved by a favorable initialization strategy and continuous reformulation. The design identified has the potential to produce a renewable transportation fuel at reasonable cost.     

Analysis of reactive distillation using the esterification of acetic acid as an example

The uncatalyzed esterification of acetic acid is described in the literature as a typical example of reactive distillation. Many rigorous models were validated using this esterification as an example. Process proposals for the production of pure ethyl acetate from ethanol and acetic acid have been determined using short-cut methods with the assumption of chemical equilibrium only. In this publication, the limitations of this esterification are clarified, using a rigorous model that was developed. The reasons why reactive distillation appears to be unfavorable for this esterification are explained. It is, however, theoretically possible to obtain ethyl acetate in high purity with different variants of the process. Different process variants are examined in this work. Construction variables that are important for the design of reactive columns, such as the number of reactive separation stages and the holdup in the column, are analyzed. Furthermore, the influence of variables dependent on the component system, such as the phase equilibrium of the reactive system and the reaction kinetics on the conversion in the column, are described. It can be shown that the short-cut methods published so far for reactive distillation, which assume chemical equilibrium, are inadequate.     

介孔分子筛MCM-41在有机催化中的研究进展

介绍了近几年MCM-41在环氧化、加氢反应、烷基化、酯化等有机反应中的应用。介孔分子筛MCM-41具有较高的比表面和规整的结构,以及表面带有羟基,是催化剂的优良载体。因此,可以将催化剂引入到MCM-41的结构中,从而提高其性能。认为应在介孔分子筛的水热稳定性、研究合成机理、合成方法等方面加强研究,对介孔分子筛在有机化工催化领域中的应用现状及前景进行了分析。     

Advances in Organic Liquid‐Gas Chemical Heat Pumps

Compared with inorganic chemical heat pumps (CHPs), organic liquid‐gas CHPs are more amenable to be run as a continuous process because the reactants and products can be fed or removed continuously. Therefore, increasing attention has been paid to investigations of CHPs using the organic liquid‐gas reaction system. Relevant research topics involved reaction catalyst, chemical reaction kinetics, reactive distillation, energy efficiency evaluation, economic analysis, etc. Nevertheless, the research on an organic liquid‐gas CHP system is still in the elementary stage. A detailed review on the current research status of catalyst‐assisted CHPs employing an organic liquid‐gas reaction system has been performed. Existing problems are identified and future research directions are proposed.     

Water removal by reactive stripping for a solid-acid catalyzed esterification in a monolithic reactor

Solid-acid catalysts are attractive replacements for processes using conventional homogeneous catalysts. In the esterification of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid, however, the side product water strongly inhibits the activity of a solid-acid catalyst. Since an esterification is an equilibrium limited reaction, full conversion is not possible unless one of the products is removed. A novel reactor type, utilizing a solid-acid catalyst coated monolith, is presented in which water can be removed from the liquid reaction mixture by means of reactive stripping. In this manner the inhibition is eliminated and complete conversion can be reached. The advantages of this reactor concept are demonstrated by both experiments and reactor modeling.     

An integrated reactive distillation process for biodiesel production

An integrated reactive distillation process for biodiesel production is proposed. The reactive separation process consists of two coupled reactive distillation columns (RDCs) considering the kinetically controlled reactions of esterification of the fatty acids (FFA) and the transesterification of glycerides with methanol, respectively. The conceptual design of the reactive distillation columns was performed through the construction of reactive residue curve maps in terms of elements. The design of the esterification reactive distillation column consisted of one reactive zone loaded with Amberlyst 15 catalyst and for the transesterification reactive column two reactive zones loaded with MgO were used. Intensive simulation of the integrated reactive process considering the complex kinetic expressions and the PC-SAFT EOS was performed using the computational environment of Aspen Plus. The final integrated RD process was able to handle more than 1% wt of fatty acid contents in the vegetable oil. However, results showed that the amount of fatty acids in the vegetable oil feed plays a key role on the performance (energy cost, catalyst load, methanol flow rate) of the integrated esterification–transesterification reactive distillation process.     

固体酸催化合成水杨酸异丙酯的研究

水杨酸异丙酯是一种重要的化工原料和药物中间体 ,现行合成工艺存在诸多缺点。因此 ,新型高效催化剂的开发和工艺改进是水杨酸异丙酯合成的一个重要课题。以固体酸SA为催化剂合成水杨酸异丙酯 ,发现固体酸SA对水杨酸异丙酯合成具有良好的催化活性。考察并优化了固体酸SA催化合成水杨酸异丙酯的工艺条件。实验结果表明 ,采用优化的工艺条件 ,固体酸SA催化剂可减少催化剂用量 ,提高总收率 ,缩短生产周期 ,降低生产成本     

硼酸催化合成水杨酸异丙酯的研究

以硼酸为催化剂合成水杨酸异丙酯,发现硼酸对水杨酸异丙酯的合成具有良好的催化活性,考察并优化了硼酸催化合成水杨酸异丙酯的工艺条件,实验结果表明,采用优化的工艺条件,硼酸催化剂可减少用量,提高总收率,缩短生产周期,降低生成成本。