阳离子褐煤中腐殖酸及阳离子含量测定方法

阳离子褐煤是一种重要的钻井液处理剂。腐殖酸含量及阳离子含量是评价阳离子褐煤处理剂过程中的2个重要的指标。对阳离子褐煤中腐植酸及阳离子含量测定方法进行了探讨。     

钻井液用阳离子磺甲基酚醛树脂阳离子度的测定方法初探

钻井液用阳离子磺甲基酚醛树脂是在中原油田油区普遍使用的一种阳离子处理剂。阳离子度是对阳离子型产品质量评价的关键指标，由于阳离子磺甲基酚醛树脂不是以阳离子为主要成分的化学品，同时存在着有机、无机许多复杂成分，不易测定其中阳离子度，通过对现有的一些方法进行分析比较，对此类产品阳离子度的测定方法进行了初步探索，最终确定了一种较为理想的测定方法。     

阳离子褐煤树脂的阳离子度测定方法研究

采用四苯硼钠电位滴定法测定阳离子褐煤树脂的阳离子度.通过消除测定方法的离子干扰、优化四苯硼钠电位滴定法的测定条件来提高测定方法的准确度.采用5％盐酸溶液提取阳离子腐植酸,去除钾离子和其他水溶性杂质;四苯硼钠电位滴定过程中,提纯后阳离子腐植酸加入量为0.5g,用0.2％氢氧化钠溶液溶解阳离子腐植酸,在pH 10.0条件下,选用甘汞电极为参比电极,氟硼酸根离子选择性电极为指示电极,用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵标准溶液电位滴定四苯硼钠,电位突变约200 ～300 mV,加标回收率达95％,满足分析测试的要求.实验结果表明,该方法选择性好、准确性高、易于操作,具有较高的推广应用价值.     

硝酸处理对褐煤中可提取性腐殖酸含量及其吸附特性的影响

采用硝酸氧化及一次平衡法，研究了硝酸处理对褐煤中的可提取性腐殖酸含量、CEC（阳离子交换量）、E4／E6及其对各种养分离子吸附规律变化的影响。     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的离子度检测

介绍了阳离子离子度的测定方法及原理,通过胶体滴定、硝酸银滴定两种检测方法的比较,结果表明胶体滴定法更适用于阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的阳离子度检测。     

塔里木YQ7井阳离子钻井液的研究与应用

根据塔里木YQ7井地层情况，在现有钻井液基础上引入阳离子处理剂，将传统聚合物钻井液、聚磺钻井液改良为新型阳离子钻井液。室内对阳离子钻井液进行了性能评价和配方优选，确定出了阳离子钻井液最佳配方。现场应用表明，阳离子钻井液性能稳定，抑制能力强，具有优良的流变性，较强的携带岩屑、防泥包钻头作用，提高了钻井速度；该配方防塌效果好，井壁稳定，井径规则，并与常规处理剂配伍性好，维护处理容易，满足离开YQ7井钻井施工要求。     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的研制

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺是一种用途广泛的有机高分子聚合物,其分子量和阳离子度是决定其性能的重要指标。在氧化-还原引发体系中,以丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)为单体共聚合成了阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺聚合物(CPAM),考察了反应温度、酸碱度、引发剂、单体及阳离子单体浓度等因素对CPAM分子量和阳离子度的影响。结果表明,较高分子量和阳离子度CPAM的最佳聚合条件为:聚合单体浓度为35%,阳离子单体的含量约15%,引发剂0.4%,反应体系温度35℃,pH值为6左右。     

利用超声改良土壤阳离子交换量的测定方法

土壤阳离子交换量(CEC)在土壤环境质量监测中有重要意义,本文研究利用超声波改良土壤阳离子交换量和交换性盐基的测定方法,讨论超声时间对土壤阳离子交换量和交换性盐基的测定的影响,分析产生差异性的原因。实验结果表明,利用超声代替玻璃棒搅拌的方式可以减少乙酸铵和乙醇在实验过程中洗土的次数,减少实验操作的时间和试剂消耗的量。     

活性阳离子染料毛／腈染色工艺初探

本文讨论了pH值和几种常用助剂对活性阳离子染料上染羊毛、腈纶的影响,及后处理条件对羊毛上固色率的影响,并对活性阳离子染料在羊毛纤维上固色率的测定方法进行了选择。     

阳离子水性聚氨酯的耐水性研究

通过正交法研究了多元醇、亲水基团含量、交联剂和扩链剂对胶膜吸水率的影响,分别对用丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂和羟基硅油改性的阳离子水性聚氨酯的耐水性进行了研究.实验结果表明,对阳离子水性聚氨酯耐水性影响因素从大到小排列依次是多元醇、亲水基团含量、交联剂和扩链剂.对阳离子水性聚氨酯进行改性能够提高其耐水性.     

Assignment of the i.r. absorption band at 1050 cm in lignite humic acid

An important absorption band in the spectrum of lignite humic acid has been extensively studied. Modification of the humic acid was carried out by oxidation and decarboxylation and the resulting samples were studied by chemical, X-ray, optical density and i.r. methods. The lignite humic acid was compared with humic acids extracted from soils and from river sediment. It is suggested that the i.r. absorption at ≈ 1050cm⁻¹ for lignite humic acid can be predominantly attributed to the C---O stretch of polysaccharides.     

从洼里褐煤中提取腐植酸的绿色工艺研究

以山东龙口洼里褐煤为原料,采用碱溶酸析法提取腐植酸。研究了硝酸氧解、空气氧解、超声波三种预处理方法对腐植酸提取率的影响。得出了提取腐植酸的工艺参数:1%NaOH为抽提剂,煤样与硝酸的固液比为1:3,硝酸浓度为1.5mol/L,提取率达39.3%;在超声波条件下,空气氧化预处理80min,提取率达21.25%,此预处理工艺可减少硝酸用量,降低环境污染。     

铁合金用褐煤半焦成型研究

利用云南丰富的褐煤资源制备了腐植酸钠作黏结剂,并用来成型铁合金厂应用的褐煤半焦.研究了黏结剂腐植酸钠的制备方法及褐煤半焦成型工艺,并对不同配比的型焦作了各种强度指标测试.结果表明,腐植酸钠作为半焦成型的黏结剂具有良好的综合指标.实验研究表明:当黏结剂腐植酸钠的配入量大于8%时,褐煤型焦的各项指标达到了铁合金厂的使用要求.     

褐煤中腐植酸活化实验研究

对5种不同组成的褐煤分别用NaOH、Na_2CO_3和KOH 3种固体碱进行腐植酸活化实验,并对比不同pH时的活化率。实验结果表明:用NaOH作活化剂时活化效果较好;控制反应pH10时,褐煤中腐植酸活化率95%;在此条件下,当褐煤中钙镁总质量分数小于2.5%时,腐植酸活化率不受原料影响。     

Changes of chemical properties of humic acids from crude and fungal transformed lignite

The development of biological processes for fossil energy utilization has received increasing attention in recent years. There are abundance of lignite resources in China and the lignite, a low-grade coal, can be transformed by a Penicillium sp. After fungal transformation, the contents of humic acid and water-soluble humic material increased from 38.6% to 55.1%, and from less than 4.0% to 28.2%, respectively. The differences in chemical properties of crude lignite humic acid (aHA), fungal transformed lignite humic acid (bHA) and water-soluble humic material from fungal transformed lignite (WS) were studied. Elemental analysis and size exclusion chromatography showed that the N content of bHA increased by 47.36% compared with aHA, and the molecular mass of bHA was smaller than aHA. And the WS with the smallest molecular mass contained most content of N. The ¹³C NMR and FT-IR spectra of aHA and bHA showed that aHA contained more aromatic structure than bHA.     

活化条件对褐煤中水溶性腐植酸含量的影响

为提高褐煤中水溶性腐植酸含量,提高褐煤在农业中的应用效果,研究了温度,活化剂浓度、时间对褐煤中水溶性腐植酸含量的影响.结果表明,随着温度的提高、活化剂浓度的增加、活化时间的延长,褐煤中水溶性腐植酸含量均有提高的趋势;对褐煤中水溶性腐植酸含量影响的重要程度为活化剂浓度>活化剂温度>时间,活化褐煤的优化条件为温度60℃,时...     

Greek lignites as additives for controlling filtration properties of water–bentonite suspensions at high temperatures

The effectiveness of Greek lignites to control the filtration characteristics of water–bentonite suspensions and to minimize formation damage at high temperatures was studied. Twenty-six lignite samples from various peat/lignite deposits in Greece were used together with a commercial lignite product. The contents of humic and fulvic acids, humins, oxygen, ash and the cation exchange capacity of lignite samples were examined with respect to fluid loss of these suspensions. The results show that most samples provided very good filtration control of the water–bentonite suspensions after exposure to 177 °C with some being superior to the commercial product. Better performance was observed after addition of 3% w/v lignite. Total humic and fulvic acids as percentage of dry lignite matter and the organic matter as lignite percentage showed a weak inverse correlation with the fluid loss volumes.     

褐煤腐植酸磺化改性工艺及表征

为提高腐植酸的亲水性能,对褐煤腐植酸进行磺化改性。以Na2SO3为磺化剂,以磺化度为考察指标,通过单因素实验和正交实验研究了磺化温度、磺化剂固液比、磺化时间对褐煤磺化腐植酸磺化度的影响,得到褐煤磺化腐植酸最佳制备条件,并通过红外光谱分析和热重分析对褐煤磺化腐植酸性能进行表征。结果表明:磺化温度对褐煤磺化腐植酸磺化度的影响最大,其次为磺化时间,磺化剂固液比影响较小。在磺化温度50℃,磺化剂固液比2∶20,磺化时间90 min条件下制备的褐煤磺化腐植酸磺化度为17.72%。红外光谱表明:褐煤磺化腐植酸含有苯环、羧基、羟基、酚羟基,磺酸基团明显增多,褐煤腐植酸磺化改性成功。热重分析表明:褐煤磺化腐植酸低于200℃时稳定,大于200℃时发生裂解反应;小于330℃裂解反应为吸热过程,大于330℃为放热过程。     

提取褐煤中腐殖酸的新方法

提出了一种简单易行的提取褐煤中腐殖酸的方法,即根据褐煤的特点利用稀硫酸和氢氧化钠溶液对腐殖酸进行溶解和提取;实验发现,提取的腐殖酸量多少与硫酸浓度、氢氧化钠浓度、浸泡时间三因素密切相关;采用正交实验法找出了最优条件。     

Sorption of Manganese Cations by Modified Humic Acids from Lignite

The sorption of Mn²⁺ ions from aqueous solutions of humic acids derived from Tisul’sk lignite is investigated. The influence of treatment of the humic acids by hydrogen peroxide on their sorptional characteristics is considered. The sorptional capacity of modified and unmodified humic acids for the manganese cation is determined. IR, NMR, and ESR spectroscopy shows that the greater sorptional capacity of humic acids after modification by hydrogen peroxide may be attributed to change in their functional composition.