化工废水深度处理技术研究进展

化工废水经二级生化处理后,往往很难达到排放或回用要求,须进行深度处理。综述了化工废水深度处理的技术及特点,并介绍了其最新研究进展。提出了不同处理方法的联合应用将是化工废水深度处理工艺的发展趋势。     

Fenton-活性炭耦合陶瓷膜工艺深度处理电镀废水研究

为实现电镀废水的深度处理及回用,本文探究了芬顿（Fenton）-活性炭耦合陶瓷膜工艺处理电镀废水生化出水的最佳反应条件,处理效果,运行稳定性,膜污染规律与膜清洗效果。结果表明,当活性炭投加量为40 g/L、换炭量为4%/d、膜通量设置为70 L/（m2·h）时,耦合工艺深度处理效果优异,经30 d运行,出水COD、TOC和浊度分别为14 mg/L、4.5 mg/L和0.04 NTU,去除率均可达到80%以上,满足《城市污水再生利用工业用水水质》（GB/T 19923-2005）标准。活性炭可吸附水中的污染物,增强该工艺对COD的去除效果,还可以有效减缓膜污染,延长膜的运行周期。被污染后的膜,依次经物理清洗和次氯酸钠清洗后,膜通量可恢复至原来的94%。Fenton-活性炭耦合陶瓷膜工艺处理电镀废水生化出水效果优异,具有长期运行稳定性,可作为深度处理工艺,实现电镀废水的深度处理及回用。     

印染化工废水光催化氧化深度处理试验

芬顿氧化法因其具有较好的有机物降解效果已应用于许多大规模的污水深度处理工程中,近年来发展出以紫外光(UV)/H₂O₂等方法为代表的类芬顿技术,其基本原理与使用方法均与芬顿技术类似,但光芬顿所需的Fe²⁺浓度更低,反应不需要很低的pH,运行更加高效、安全和简单。文章通过构建光芬顿反应体系,搭建光芬顿反应装置,以H₂O₂投加量、亚铁盐投加量、反应pH、光源为反应条件参数,以COD_&去除效果为降解性能指标,优化降解反应过程中的工艺参数,验证了光芬顿体系对废水COD_Cr的去除机理,确定了光芬顿体系的最优反应条件,并研究了降解规律,分析了经济成本,提出了光芬顿体系对印染化工废水深度处理的应用建议。试验中最优反应条件如下:pH值为6,H₂O₂投加量为400 mg/L,Fe²⁺投加量为21.0 mg/L。该条件下,经过光芬顿处理,可将二沉池出水的COD_&     

陶瓷膜在炼油废水深度处理中的应用

探讨了陶瓷膜在炼油污水深度处理中的应用,并同时确定了工艺条件,选定了工艺参数,结果表明经二级生化处理的炼油污水经该工艺处理后,完全可达到回用的要求.     

混凝技术在焦化废水深度处理中的应用

综述了焦化废水深度处理中几种常规混凝剂及一些新型混凝法的研究现状,总结了当前混凝技术用于焦化废水深度处理中存在的问题,分析了混凝技术及其组合工艺未来的应用发展趋势,指出应深入创新研究磁混凝、电混凝、混凝-氧化、混凝-膜技术的机理及工业化应用,以及进一步研究针对焦化废水的高效的有机-无机高分子混凝剂。     

高硫煤基活性炭在废水深度处理中的应用

以高硫煤基活性炭为吸附剂,对武钢的焦化废水进行了深度处理的研究。讨论了废水温度、COD值、pH值、吸附时间以及吸附剂用量等因素对活性炭吸附性能的影响,并就吸附性能与宝钢所用的活性炭进行了对比试验。     

臭氧、臭氧/双氧水催化氧化深度处理化工废水

对比了臭氧、臭氧催化氧化、臭氧/双氧水和臭氧/双氧水催化氧化4种工艺深度处理化工废水的效果,结果表明,当进水COD和色度分别为95.7 mg/L和90倍时,4种工艺出水的COD去除率分别为23.66%、26.77%、29.24%、32.97%,色度去除率分别为64.44%、64.44%、82.22%、82.22%,催化剂和双氧水均能小幅强化臭氧氧化效果。连续臭氧氧化可使出水COD降至20 mg/L,同时当臭氧投加量为60 mg/L时,4种工艺出水均具有一定的可生化性,满足后序生化工艺的需求。     

应用陶粒过滤-陶瓷膜组合对止咳糖浆制药废水深度处理的试验研究

止咳糖浆制药废水经生物接触氧化一体化废水处理装置处理后，其出水中COD、BOD和氨氮等主要污染物质均不能达标排放。在实验室中采用陶粒过滤陶瓷膜组合对经一体化处理装置处理后的制药废水进行深度处理，在陶粒柱反应器选用粒径为1-2mm的陶粒滤料，陶瓷膜反应器选用孔径为2-3μm陶瓷膜的条件下对水样进行测试。     

Reuse of reverse osmosis membranes in advanced wastewater treatment

In areas where tap water has a high salt content, wastewater is not appropriate for reuse in agriculture, particularly for sensitive crops. One alternative is reduction, via desalination, of the brackish character to the secondary effluent. A filtration stage is also required before desalination. On the other hand, used reverse osmosis membranes can be recycled and used as filters in the advanced treatment stage in order to reduce suspended matter contained in the secondary effluent—one advantage being the environmental recovery of solid waste. Used membranes can be treated with strong chemical oxidants to peel off the active separation layer in order to transform them into microfiltration or ultrafiltration elements. Preliminary tests have been carried out with 8″ elements, aimed at comparing membrane performance before and after the peeling process. An index denoted as peeling effectiveness (high flux, high salt passage) is used for comparison. It was soon observed that potassium permanganate was more effective than others, together with sodium hydroxide. Doses around 1000 mg/L KMnO₄ provided the best results. It was also concluded that membrane cleaning, done with sodium bisulphite prior to peeling, was better when recirculating the cleaning solution around the membrane rather than soaking it. Next steps in the research will test the actual filtration capability of the peeled membranes in actual wastewater.     

高级氧化技术在抗生素废水处理中的应用

抗生素制药废水是一类成分复杂、有机物含量高、色度深、含多种抑制菌物质、生物毒性大,难以生物降解的高浓度有机废水.文中简要介绍了高级氧化技术的原理、特点,重点阐述各种高级氧化技术作为抗生素制药废水的处理法,尤其是预处理法的优势及其应用进展,并在此基础上,对高级氧化技术处理抗生素废水的研究前景进行了展望.     

陶瓷膜在染料及漂染废水处理中的应用

考察了以陶瓷膜为过滤介质的旋叶压滤机对絮凝后的废水进行处理的过滤速率及其影响因素,进行了动态过滤与终端过滤的比较,以及陶瓷膜与有机膜在废水处理效果上的对比研究。     

IBR工艺在化工废水治理中的应用

介绍了间批式活性污泥法(IBR)处理化工废水的工程应用.该设计工艺简单可行,占地面积小.正常运行时.经IBR工艺处理过的废水,其出水水质符合<合成氨工业水污染物排放标准>(GB 13458-2001)中型厂二级要求.     

Charged modified tight ceramic ultrafiltration membranes for treatment of cationic dye wastewater

Tight ceramic uitrafiltration membranes have been proven to exhibit good rejection performance for reactive dye wastewater at high temperatures because of their high thermal and chemical resistance.However,the application of ceramic membranes for the treatment of cationic dye wastewater is chal-lenging because of their surface charge.In this study,a ceramic membrane is modified by grafting aminosilane (KH-551) to enhance the positive charge of the membrane surface.The rejection perfor-mance of the charged modified ceramic membrane toward the methylene blue solution is significantly improved.The modification substance is bonded to the ceramic membrane surface via covalent bonding,which imparts good thermal stability.The modified ceramic membrane exhibits stable separation perfor-mance toward the methylene blue solution.Overall,this study provides valuable guidance for the adjust-ment of the ceramic membrane surface charge for treating industrial cationic dye wastewater.     

无机陶瓷膜在植物油废水处理中的实验研究

植物油炼制及餐饮业均排出大量的含油废水,对环境造成严重污染。文中采用陶瓷膜技术处理植物油废水,实验考察不同膜材质和膜孔径对渗透通量和油截留率的影响,结果表明,孔径为0.2μm的氧化锆陶瓷膜适宜于植物油废水的处理。废水性质对膜分离性能的影响显著,随着油质量浓度、盐浓度的增大,膜稳定通量明显下降。在跨膜压差为0.15 MPa,操作温度30℃,错流速率为4 m/s下,膜稳定通量为150 L/(m2.h);实验条件下油截留率均在98%以上。     

碳化硅陶瓷膜处理采油污水的中试试验

用0.02μm的多通道非对称性碳化硅陶瓷膜对采油污水进行了现场中试。在各种运行条件下,陶瓷膜出水SS<1.0 mg/L,油<10 mg/L,粒径中值<1.0μm。还考察了不同运行条件下陶瓷膜膜通量和跨膜压差的变化,以及强化混凝过滤对膜通量的影响。根据试验结果对陶瓷膜在采油污水处理中的进一步研究提出了建议,并对其工程应用前景进行了展望。     

沸石膜在海水淡化及含盐废水处理中的应用

目前工业淡化技术主要采用有机高分子分离膜材料,但有机膜材料存在使用寿命短、易污染、生化稳定性低且再生困难等缺点,严重阻碍了淡化技术的发展。而化学稳定性好且脱盐分离性能优异的沸石膜可能成为海水淡化和复杂含盐废水处理中有机膜的替代材料。对利用新型沸石膜材料进行海水淡化和含盐废水处理的相关研究进行了综述,该类技术可以有效弥补有机膜脱盐技术中存在的不足。     

Development of clayey ceramic membranes prepared with bio-based additives: Application in water and textile wastewater treatment

Eco-friendly ceramic membranes have been developed from clayey materials mixed with biobased additives (woodworking waste and rice husk) as pore-forming agents. Heated blends of two clayey occurring materials with the biobased additives (up to 20 wt%) were investigated using X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TDA-TG), Mercury Porosimetry, Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Filtration tests. The effect of adding the pore-forming agent on the physical and mechanical properties (apparent density, apparent porosity, average pore diameter and compressive Strength) was assessed and the results were interrelated to the microstructural changes. The mineralogical analyzes showed that original minerals together with thermal decomposition products were involved in the neoformation process. SEM observations displayed the appearance of several pores with various shapes, sizes and features corresponding to the neoformed phases (gehlenite and albite) and localized heterogeneous aspects. The experimental filtration tests have clearly shown the elimination of turbidity and suspended matter with the reduction of the chemical/biological oxygen demand and the dye concentration. Thereby, it was confirmed that ceramic membranes intended for filtration with homogenous morphological aspect, good physical properties and high mechanical strength could be manufactured and used in industrial wastewater treatments.