K助剂对F-T合成直接制低碳烯烃K/Fe催化剂CO加氢性能的影响

采用浸渍法将K添加到氢氧化铁的方法获得F-T合成制低碳烯烃K/Fe催化剂,探讨不同原子比KnFe1(n=0,0.02,0.04,0.08,0.40,1.0)对合成气直接制低碳烯烃CO加氢性能及活性物相变化的影响。并分别通过N2物理吸附、XRD、红外光谱、热重等手段进行表征。结果分析表明:随K含量的增加,低碳烯烃选择性先增加后减少;适当K含量的添加,能促进Fe3O4向Fe5C2转变,当K含量达到n=0.40时,又会抑制Fe3O4向Fe5C2的转变;与纯铁相比,适当含量K添加显著提高了CO转化率、CO_2选择性和C2=~C4=低碳烯烃选择性而降低了CH4的选择性。最佳催化剂(原子比n/n)为Fe:K=1:0.04,CO的转化率为77.33%,CO_2选择性为58.73%,CH4的选择性为12.24%,低碳烯烃选择性28.81%,烯烷比2.38。     

双金属改性ZSM-5-USY复合分子筛催化裂解正己烷制备低碳烯烃

为了获得催化裂解制备低碳烯烃的高效催化剂,以等体积浸渍法制备了系列单金属(Ce, Y, Zr, Mn, Cu)及双金属(Zr-Ce, Mn-Ce, Y-Ce, Cu-Ce)改性ZSM-5-USY复合分子筛催化剂,通过XRD, NH3-TPD, BET等方法表征了其物理化学性质,并将所制备催化剂用于催化裂解正己烷。结果表明,催化剂的弱酸量越多,正己烷转化率及C2~C4烯烃选择性越高,Zr-Ce共改性分子筛的催化活性较优。水蒸气处理对Zr-Ce/ZSM-5-USY催化剂的酸性及催化裂解产物分布有较大影响,经水蒸气处理的催化剂性能更稳定,可将裂解产物中低碳烯烃的选择性由20.02% (催化剂未经水蒸气处理)提高到57.55% (催化剂经水蒸气处理4 h)。研究了0.25% Zr-0.5% Ce/ZSM-5-USY催化体系的裂解反应动力学,正己烷裂解为一级反应,裂解活化能为88.93 kJ/mol。     

合成气直接制取低碳烯烃的铁基负载型催化剂的制备与性能

采用浸渍法制备了合成气直接制取低碳烯烃的铁基负载型催化剂,在固定床反应器中考察了载体、助剂、焙烧温度及反应温度与压力、原料气空速对催化性能的影响,并对其进行了表征. 结果表明,焙烧温度对催化剂活性有重要影响,FeK/ZSM-5催化剂经500℃焙烧3 h后具有最佳的催化活性,提高反应压力可明显提高活性,而增加原料气空速活性明显降低;添加助剂K和Mn明显提高了催化剂的低碳烯烃选择性,在H2/CO=2(j)、反应温度380℃、压力1.0 MPa、原料气空速4400 h-1条件下,FeMnK/ZSM-5可将CO转化率从Fe/ZSM-5催化剂的18.7%升至63.8%, C2=~C3=选择性从4.8%升至14.1%.     

新型FeCo双金属催化剂催化CO2加氢制低碳烯烃

CO₂加氢制备低碳烯烃是实现C1资源高值化利用的有效途径。为提高低碳烯烃选择性,以Fe-MOF为主体,对苯二甲酸为骨架配体,构建了金属比例可控的铁钴双金属催化剂（FeCo/MC）,阐明了双金属的协同作用及金属比例对加氢性能的影响。发现Co的添加可以增加催化剂表面碱性位而显著地改善CO₂吸附,促进铁的碳化并通过费托反应的CO消耗促进逆水煤气反应。同时,适宜的铁钴比有助于改善金属间亲密度,从而通过合理串联活性位以获取最佳的低碳烯烃选择性和尽可能低的甲烷选择性,铁钴比为6时CO₂转化率为32.72%,低碳烯烃选择性最高达到37.14%。     

Pt/TiO_2/ZSM-5催化剂的制备及其催化转化正丁烷

采用溶胶-凝胶法和等体积浸渍法,分别对ZSM-5分子筛进行Ti O2改性和Pt负载,获得了具有脱氢-裂解双功能的Pt/Ti O2/ZSM-5催化剂,采用XRD、N2吸附-脱附、TEM、XPS和NH3-TPD对样品的晶体结构,孔结构、形貌、活性金属价态和酸性质等进行了表征,并研究了正丁烷在此催化剂上催化转化制备低碳烯烃的反应规律。研究结果表明,Ti O2的引入,一方面使得改性后的ZSM-5分子筛获得了额外的酸性中心,特别是强酸性位含量的增加,有助于促进正丁烷的活化;另一方面Pt与Ti O2之间存在"金属-载体"强相互作用(SMSI),在H2还原气氛下,Pt能够促进Ti O2的还原,生成Ti3+物种,而Ti3+的存在增加了Pt周围的电荷密度,降低了Pt对低碳烯烃(2C=~3C=)的吸附能力,抑制了深度脱氢和生焦反应,从而提高双功能催化剂对烯烃的选择性。当H2还原温度为450℃时,Pt/10Ti O2/ZSM-5催化剂在625℃下的正丁烷转化率为76.1%,低碳烯烃(2C=~3C=)收率为50.9%,分别比Pt/ZSM-5催化剂提高了16.7%和12.6%。     

钾-钙双金属改性对HZSM-5分子筛催化甲醇制丙烯的影响

针对甲醇制丙烯反应体系,研究了不同金属、双金属改性的HZSM-5的催化性能。结果表明,钾改性提高了催化剂的稳定性和催化性能,当钾改性液的质量分数为2%时,改性效果最好,在此基础上,以2%K-HZSM-5作为不同钙负载的改性对象。结果表明,钾钙共同改性,具有较好的协同改性效果,大大提高了丙烯的选择性,有效的降低了乙烯和副产物的产率。     

甲醇制烯烃用ZSM-5分子筛的研究进展

综述了甲醇制烯烃用ZSM-5分子筛催化剂的研究进展,包括甲醇制低碳烯烃的合成机理、ZSM-5分子筛的结构与酸性对合成低碳烯烃性能的影响以及分子筛的改性。重点探讨了ZSM-5分子筛的改性（如水热处理改性、磷改性、氟改性、硼改性、金属离子改性及其他化学改性）对催化剂表面酸性和孔径、低碳烯烃选择性和催化剂稳定性的影响,指出分子筛孔径/表面酸性的调控和MTO/MTP反应机理的研究是甲醇制低碳烯烃催化剂研究的发展方向。     

基于C1化学的低碳烯烃合成技术研究进展

介绍了基于C1化学的低碳烯烃合成反应机理研究进展。常规FTO路线的合成气直接转化制取低碳烯烃工艺产物组成受ASF分布规律限制,副产物CH4、饱和烷烃选择性高,目标产物C=2~C=4选择性很难突破58%。基于MTO催化机理的核壳型Fe Mn K@SAPO-34双功能催化剂,CO最高转化率可达92.4%,总低碳烃(C2~C4低碳烃)选择性高达69.2%,C=2~C=4低碳烯烃选择性最高值达46.6%,CH4选择性最低值仅为10.5%,CO2选择性最低仅为16.8%;基于乙烯酮中间体机理的OXZEO双功能催化剂在400℃、2.5 MPa、H2/CO=2.0的反应条件下,可实现C2~C4低碳烃类总选择性94%、C=2~C=4低碳烯烃选择性80%,且CH4选择性可进一步降低至2%。此外,CH4高温分解、CH4氧化偶联、CH4无氧转化、CO2加氢等技术,也为低碳烯烃的合成开辟了新的技术路线。     

碱金属改性对SAPO-34分子筛催化性能的影响

通过等体积浸渍法,制备得到碱金属(Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs)改性的SAPO-34催化剂。并在常压连续固定床反应器上评价了各催化剂的甲醇制低碳烯烃(MTO)的性能,同时对催化剂进行了XRD、FT-IR、NH₃-TPD等表征分析。结果表明,碱金属负载量为2%时,除Cs离子改性的催化剂低碳烯烃的选择性和寿命有所降低外,其他碱金属离子改性的SAPO-34催化剂低碳烯烃的选择性和寿命都有了明显的提高,尤其是Li离子改性的催化剂乙烯+丙烯的选择性达77%左右,寿命相对延长了2.5倍;将该催化剂再生3次后乙烯、丙烯的选择性几乎保持不变。     

碱溶液改性ZSM-5分子筛直接催化合成气制低碳烯烃

通过Na和K等碱金属溶液对ZSM-5载体进行离子交换改性,采用等体积浸渍法制备合成气制低碳烯烃铁基催化剂,采用N2吸附-脱附、SEM、XRD、TPR等测试手段对催化剂进行表征。在固定床催化反应装置中考察了铁基催化剂在纯氢气氛围中预还原4 h后,在325℃、1. 5 MPa、气体空速为1 200 h-1、V(H_2)∶V(CO)=2∶1条件下进行合成气制低碳烯烃的催化性能研究。结果表明,改性后载体孔径变大,加速原料气在催化剂的内部扩散,产物烯烃可及时析出,避免二次反应生成烷烃,提高了CO的转化率和烯烃的选择性。通过碱金属对ZSM-5的改性,合成气的转化率可提高30%～40%,转化率与碱金属活性成正比。此外,催化剂的催化活性随KOH溶液浓度的增加先增加后降低,当KOH溶液浓度为0. 1 mol/L时,CO+H_2的转化率和烯烃的选择性均最高,分别为81. 84%和49. 67%。     

钙负载量对Ca/HZSM-5甲醇制烯烃催化性能的影响

以浸渍法制备不同负载量的Ca/HZSM-5催化剂,并采用NH_3-TPD和Py-IR对改性前后样品进行表征。在连续流动固定床反应装置上,详细考察了其甲醇制烯烃(MTO)的催化性能。催化评价结果表明,Ca改性提高了催化稳定性与低碳烯烃(C_2~=～C_4~=)选择性,但负载过多的Ca不利于甲醇制烯烃反应,Ca负载量存在最佳值,约为6%。关联评价结果与酸表征数据,发现HZSM-5上几乎所有的B酸与Ca物种作用后,催化性能达到最佳。通过与Na/HZSM-5和2Ca/1Na/HZSM-5催化性能的比较,探讨了Ca在催化反应中的作用,提出Ca物种与B酸结合形成了催化活性中心,参与甲醇的催化转化。     

Fe_2O_3/HZSM-5催化转化乙醇制备低碳烯烃

采用浸渍法制备了Fe2O3/HZSM-5分子筛催化剂,并用于乙醇脱水与低聚制备丙烯为主的低碳烯烃反应体系.在400～500℃范围内考察了HZSM-5的硅/铝比、氧化铁负载量、反应温度、催化剂氢气还原预处理对产物中烯烃收率的影响.结果表明,HZSM-5硅/铝比为140时,丙烯、丁烯收率最高;氧化铁负载能有效提高烯烃收率,当负载量为2.9%时丙烯收率最高,接近25%;反应初期升高温度可促进丙烯生成,但催化剂寿命缩短;氢气还原预处理能进一步促进乙烯、丙烯生成.     

Highly effective P-modified HZSM-5 catalyst for the cracking of C4 alkanes to produce light olefins

A series of HZSM-5 zeolites modified by different amounts of phosphorus (P/HZSM-5) were prepared. The physicochemical features of P/HZSM-5 catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, BET, NH₃-TPD, FT-IR spectra of adsorbed pyridine, etc., and their performances for the catalytic cracking of the mixed C₄ alkanes to produce light olefins were investigated. The results indicated that phosphorus (P) modification not only modulated the amount of acidic sites and the percentage of weak acidic sites in total acidic sites, but also regulated the acid type, i.e., the ratio of L/B (Lewis acid/Brönsted acid). The introduction of P also altered the basic characteristics of HZSM-5 which was evidenced by CO₂-TPD analysis. Consequently, P modification with suitable amount was favorable for enhancing the selectivity to light olefins, especially to propene. At the temperature of 650 °C, the maximum yields of propene and ethene were achieved 25.6 and 33.9%, which were higher than those over parent HZSM-5 by 7 and 4.5%, respectively. Aromatics yield was found to be decreased with the increasing P loading due to the reduction of strong acid and the formation of new basic site which inhibited the hydrogen transfer reaction. All this indicates that P-modified HZSM-5 zeolites are effective catalysts for the cracking of mixed C₄ alkanes to produce more light olefins.     

CrHZSM-5 Zeolites – Highly Efficient Catalysts for Catalytic Cracking of Isobutane to Produce Light Olefins

The CrHZSM-5 catalysts with trace amount of Cr were firstly used for catalytic cracking of isobutane, and the effect of Cr-loading on the catalytic performances of CrHZSM-5 catalysts for the cracking of isobutane was also studied. The results suggested that when the loading of Cr in the CrHZSM-5 catalysts was less than 0.038 mmol/g Cr, especially at Cr loading of 0.004 mmol/g, both the reactivity of isobutane cracking and the selectivity to light olefins of CrHZSM-5 samples were greatly enhanced compared with the unpromoted HZSM-5, and very high yields of olefins(C₂+C₃) and ethylene were obtained. For instance, the yield of olefins(C₂+C₃) and ethylene reached 56.1% and 30.8%, respectively, at 625 °C when 0.004 mmol/g Cr was loaded on HZSM-5 sample.     

HZSM-5分子筛催化甲醇制低碳烯烃性能的研究进展

综述了改性HZSM-5用于甲醇制取低碳烯烃的研究进展。主要从硅铝比、化学改性、品粒尺寸、引入介孔和高温水热处理五个改性手段对HZSM-5用于MTP反应的影响进行了调研。适量的B酸量是改性HZSM-5用于甲醇制烯烃反应时烯烃选择性的最关键影响因素,适当的孔道修饰能够提高HZSM-5的烯烃选择性。     

Co-reaction of ethene and methanol over modified H-ZSM-5

Co-reaction of ethene and methanol was carried out over HZSM-5, P-La modified ZSM-5 (PLaHZ) and hydrothermal-treated PLaHZ catalysts. Hydrothermal treatment at high temperature sharply reduced the acidity of the catalyst, on which the direct conversion of ethene or methanol/dimethyl ether was almost completely suppressed. Co-feeding of ethene and methanol over the said catalyst resulted in considerable conversion of both reactants. Meanwhile, high propene selectivity (ca. 80%) was obtained at lower conversions. The methylation of ethene by methanol was responsible for the enhancement of conversions and propene selectivity in the co-reaction system. The further methylation of propene and the cracking of higher olefins were also operative under current reaction conditions.     

苯和乙烯一步法合成苯乙烯反应研究

首次采用苯和乙烯在无氧存在下, 于多种固体酸和金属负载HZSM-5分子筛催化剂上反应直接得到苯乙烯与其它固体酸相比, HZSM-5分子筛催化剂表现出最高的反应活性和较高的对苯乙烯的选择性。HZSM-5分子筛负载不同金属后, 苯乙烯的选择性均有明显提高, 其中以Co/HZSM-5、Fe/HZSM-5和Pd/HZSM-5催化剂显示出较高的反应活性和苯乙烯选择性。反应温度、苯烯比、金属负载量、液空速、催化剂的焙烧及还原温度均会不同程度地影响反应转化率和产物分布。     

The Influence of the Acid Sites on the Methylamines Synthesis with Cu-HZSM-5 Zeolite

There is a high industrial demand for MMA and DMA, however, the production of TMA is favored with the commercial catalysts. This work tested the methanol amination reaction with HZSM-5 and Cu/HZSM-5 zeolites (%Cu = 1.2, 3.7 and 6.0). Regarding the MMA selectivity, light differences were observed among Cu/HZSM-5 catalysts and pure zeolite, although the catalysts containing 3.7% copper was slightly more selective to MMA than the other metallic catalysts studied. From these results it is suggested that the metal loading present in the catalysts leads to a modification in the nature of the acidic sites, in particular, the selectivity depends on ratio Brönsted/Lewis acid sites. This modifications would facilitate the amines desorption during the reaction.     

Zn 助剂对WC/HZSM-5催化正己烷芳构化性能影响

以WC/HZSM-5为前驱体制备了一系列不同Zn含量的Zn-WC/HZSM-5催化剂,采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、N₂物理吸附、傅里叶变换红外光谱和热重分析等手段对Zn-WC/HZSM-5的晶相、形貌、比表面积、酸性质、积炭量等进行了表征,并研究了正己烷芳构化的催化性能,探究了助剂Zn与WC在反应过程中的作用。结果表明,Zn的引入可以提高催化剂的芳烃选择性和芳烃收率。当Zn负载量为1.5%(质量分数)时,所制备的Zn-WC/HZSM-5催化剂芳构化活性最佳,芳烃收率达到36.18%。Zn的引入不仅改变了WC/HZSM-5表面的酸性分布,而且可以减少WC/HZSM-5催化剂的积炭量。