提高造气炉发气量技术措施

为了提高造气炉发气量,我们对φ内1.6米造气炉炉体结构和工艺操作等方面进行了改革。单炉发气量由原来995标米~3/时提高到1331标米~3/时,一定时间内两台φ1.6米造气     

煤气炉自动加焦装置的应用

介绍小氮肥企业能力扩大后，造气炉采用自动加焦装置的改造和运行情况，单炉发气量提高１０％以上。本装置不照搬中氮厂自动加焦模式，而是保留原小氮肥厂造气炉供料系统，只增加单炉小料仓以解决造气厂房荷载限制问题，从而实现该厂造气炉加料自动化。     

增产降耗的好途径——造气风机串联

增产降耗的好途径──造气风机串联段文华（河北临西县氮肥厂０５７８５０）１前言为适应生产需要，我厂将２２６０造气炉改造成２４００。造气炉炉膛直径扩大以后，因造气风机风量小、风压低，造成单炉发气量提高幅度不大及消耗上升。经测试，单炉发气量为３８００～４０...     

造气炉多灰斗排渣方式创新

本公司造气炉由φ2.74m扩径到φ3.2m后,由原来的两灰斗排渣改为四灰斗排渣,更便捷稳定,火层运行更加平稳,大大增加造气炉的稳定运行,提高单炉发气量,保证了有效气质。造气炉多灰斗排渣方式创新改造之后,实现了稳定炉况、提高单炉产气量的要求,更使造气炉有效实现长周期稳定运行:调整空间大且运行稳定,不挑煤种、残炭低、设备故障率低并且运行周期长。     

自动下灰装置技改各阶段运行效果比较

<正>湖北新洋丰合成氨厂造气系统共有14台Φ2 650 mm造气炉,造气炉自2006年2月投运至2014年10月,相继对采用传统手动下灰装置的造气炉进行了3次自动下灰装置技改,最终稳定了造气炉炉况、提高了单炉发气量。1传统手动下灰装置。2006年2月至2010年10月,按原设计采用造气炉手动停炉下灰装置。1.1手动下灰装置的操作方法造气炉每运行2 h,由主操作员在吹风8 s后     

ZF—4型造气炉炉况监测与优化系统在我厂的应用

ZF-4型造气炉炉况监测与优化系统通过对炉内温度、炭层高度、气化位置等进行全面的监测,并实行闭环优化控制,使造气炉长周期稳定运行,单炉发气量平均提高6%以上,吨氨平均煤耗降低4%～9%,达到节能降耗、稳产、高产、降低成本的目的。     

造气炉况影响因素浅析

<正>1风压电流对造气炉况的影响为了使造气炉内气化层温度达到或无限接近原料煤的灰熔点,尽可能提高蒸汽的分解率,操作人员就要尽可能增大入炉风量。结合鼓风机方面的知识,风机入炉风量(Q)与电流(I)的关系应该为Q∝I/P,即在风压(P)一定的情况下,电流的升高即代表了入炉风量的增加。然而稳定的造气炉工况才是提高单炉发气量的前提,因此,在追求     

造气炉微机控制系统的改造

概述了造气炉微机控制系统改造前后性能的比较及使用造气炉炉况检测与优化系统产生的效益,通过改造,单炉发气量提高25%,煤耗降低16%,蒸汽分解率提高16%,保证了生产的长周期运行。     

安徽三元ZF-4型造气炉炉况监测与优化系统在我厂的应用

ZF－4型造气炉炉况监测与优化系统通过对炉内温度、炭层高度、气化位置等进行全面监测并实行闭环优化控制，使中小氮肥造气炉长周期稳定运行，达到节能降耗、增产、高产、降低成本的目的。单炉发气量平均提高6％以上，吨氨平均煤耗降低4－9％。     

Ф2610mm造气炉配Ф3120mm灰盘炉底应用总结

近十年来,小氮厂造气炉由Ф1980mm改到Ф2610mm,再改到Ф2800mm,而Ф2820mm灰盘的炉底配这一系列扩径后的造气炉所暴露出的问题,在现原料煤供应紧张且质量下降的情况下显现的更为突出。因此,我公司在新建20万t／a尿素工程中采用了Ф3120mm灰盘的炉底来配Ф2610mm造气炉,通过运行取得了全烧型煤,单炉发气量≥7000m^2／h,灰渣可燃物≤10％的阶段性成绩,并准备在老造气28台造气炉大修时全部更换为Ф3120mm灰盘的炉底。     

Effects of operating factors in the coal gasification reaction

The effects of operating factors on a gasification system were reviewed by comparing a computational simulation and real operation results. Notable operation conditions include a conveying gas/coal ratio of 0.44, an oxygen/coal ratio of 0.715, a reaction temperature of 1,000 °C, and reaction pressure of 5bar in the case of Adaro coal; based on this, the cold gas efficiency was estimated as 82.19%. At the point of the reaction temperature effect, because the cold gas efficiencies are more than 80% when the reaction temperatures are higher than 900 °C, the gasifier inner temperature must remain over 900 °C. At high reaction temperature such as 1,400 °C, the reaction pressure shows little effect on the cold gas efficiency. The addition of steam into the gasifier causes an endothermic reaction, and then lowers the gasifier outlet temperature. This is regarded as a positive effect that can reduce the capacity of the syngas cooler located immediately after the gasifier. The most significant factor influencing the cold gas efficiency and the gasifier outlet temperature is the O₂/coal ratio. As the O₂/coal ratio is lower, the cold gas efficiency is improved, as long as the gasifier inner temperature remains over 1,000 °C. With respect to the calorific value (based on the lower heating value, LHV) of produced gas per unit volume, as the N₂/coal ratio is increased, the calorific value per syngas unit volume is lowered. Decreasing the amount of nitrogen for transporting coal is thus a useful route to obtain higher calorific syngas. This phenomenon was also confirmed by the operation results.     

对造气炉加氮途径与控制方式的探讨

本文对不同加氮途径与控制方式对造气炉运行工况的影响进行探讨，并提出利用氢氮比自控装置自动调整吹风制气比，同时实现上吹加氮的具有造气炉温负反馈作用的加氮方式．     

Experimental investigations of long stick wood gasification in a bottom lit updraft fixed bed gasifier

Based on the experience of the gasifier users on the efforts and energy for wood chip preparation in a typical gasifier, we have embarked on the development of a gasifier suitable to work with long stick woody biomass as the feed materials. In the context of the impact of gasifiers, as decentralized energy delivery devices such an approach, it is hoped, would be an attractive option in rural areas both in domestic and industrial sectors. In the present paper in the gasifier operation, there is a fixed quantity of char that is combusted to gasify a fixed amount of wood, and the gasifier does not operate in a steady state manner. In this present work, focus is made on the development of a gasifier using long sticks of wood as feed materials. With this concept, a 10 kW thermal output power gasifier is designed and constructed. The gas and airflows can be converted to the air/fuel ratio, the most important aspect of gasifier operation. The air/fuel ratio shows operation in a combustion mode at start up, a gasification mode for the middle part of the run and a charcoal gasification mode at the end of the run. Since the interest here is exploring and validating of this concept, a bottom lit updraft gasifier is designed mainly to look at the gas yield and other favourable factors and to use this gas so obtained for thermal applications. The rate of feed was between 9 and 10 kg/h and continuous operation for 5 h was made in a couple of runs to study the performance. In this paper we report the salient features of our efforts and results, yielding a gasifier efficiency of 73%.     

关于Shell煤气化装置的投煤试车及载气切换

介绍了Shell粉煤气化装置投煤试车前的准备工作；分析了装置试运行期间的常见问题；从输送煤粉的载气由氮气切换为CO2以及炉温控制方面论述了气化炉工艺操作要点，提出了完善装置的建议。结果表明，投煤试车成功后，装置以90％负荷稳定运行，最高负荷达到97％，且有效气体产量稳定在8万m^3／h。     

A comparison of the energy and product distribution from biomass gasifiers

A detailed analyses of the raw producer gas streams generated by a downdraft gasifier and by a fluidized-bed gasifier are presented and are discussed in terms of raw gas clean-up considerations and of energy conversion efficiency. The major gasifier operating parameters such as fuel/air ratio, carbon conversion efficiency, net energy conversion efficiency, and producer gas heating value are then compared between seven operational gasifiers and a computer simulation model of a fluidized-bed gasifier developed by Queen's University. It is concluded that the Queen's University model correctly predicts that the fuel/air ratio is the single most important parameter for determining gasifier performance. Downdraft gasifiers exhibit superior energy conversion efficiency and producer gas quality because they utilize a higher fuel/air ratio than do fluidized bed gasifiers.     

浅析影响GE气化炉气体成分波动的原因

根据笔者自己对GE气化炉的操作经验进行了总结,并对GE气化炉在运行过程中的出现的一些问题从以下可能影响GE气化炉运行的几个方面进行了初步的分析,根据GE气化炉在运行过程出现的问题和现象可能对影响GE气化炉气体成分波动的原因进行了分析,并提出了解决问题的建议。     

煤气化工艺过程模拟研究

应用Aspen Plus过程模拟软件,对3种高灰熔点煤进行shell气化炉和GSP气化炉气化过程模拟研究。结果表明:对同一矿区煤样,与精煤相比,加入助熔剂后,产气率有所下降,但有效气体中的CO H2并没有减少。另外,由于加入助熔剂,使得入炉煤灰熔点降低,操作温度降低,从而氧耗降低,有利于节约能源。配煤使产气率大大降低,合成气的有效成分含量减少。     

A new integrated approach of coal gasification: the concept and preliminary experimental results

The total carbon conversion of conventional fluidized bed gasifier is relatively low (<90%) mainly because of carbon loss in fly-ash. In this paper, a new concept of integrated coal gasification—fluidized bed+entrained flow is introduced. Within this process, large partition of coal with higher reactivity is converted in an ash agglomerating fluidized bed reactor under moderate temperature (~1000 °C). The remaining small partition of coal (fly-ash) with lower reactivity is converted in a small integrated entrained flow gasifier under higher temperature (1200–1400 °C). Low carbon content ash is withdrawn in dry mode by ash agglomerating, with no need to be melted. Preliminary experimental results show that the whole system can be operated steadily, total carbon conversion reaches >95%, efficient gas (CO+H₂) concentration is 78–82%. Heat exchange between two reactors has been realized, the high temperature gas from entrained flow gasifier can be cooled, and in the mean time the temperature of fluidized bed nearly keeps constant. The high-temperature ash from entrained flow gasifier can be cooled by the char in dense phase of the fluidized bed and then withdrawn in agglomerating mode. All these results prove the concept correct and feasible.     

SHELL气化炉导管处衬里破损新型修复技术

壳牌煤气化以其独特的粉煤气化工艺,较高的碳转化率,高效稳定的单台壳牌气化炉运行周期长等优点于本世纪初进入中国,而在实际的生产运行中发现壳牌煤气化工艺的核心设备气化炉出现了多种损坏形式,综合国内的多家用户的损坏情况分析发现,输气导管处衬钉及耐火衬里碳化硅的磨蚀脱落是一个共性问题,而修复方法及方式相对较为繁琐,且施工时间长,要求施工质量高,修复费用高等,这些问题一直困扰壳牌气化炉用户,现介绍一种新型的修复技术及应用,能够大大提高输气导管衬钉及衬里的使用周期。     

Power generation using coir-pith and wood derived producer gas in diesel engines

Partial combustion of biomass in the gasifier generates producer gas that can be used for heating purposes and as supplementary or sole fuel in internal combustion engines. In this study, the potential of coir-pith and wood chips as the feedstock for gasifier is analyzed. The performance of the gasifier–engine system is analyzed by running the engine for various producer gas–air flow ratios and at different load conditions. The system is experimentally optimized with respect to maximum diesel savings and lower emissions in the dual fuel mode operation while using coir-pith and wood chips separately. The performance and emission characteristics of the dual fuel engine are compared with that of diesel engine at different load conditions. Specific energy consumption in the dual fuel mode of operation is found to be in the higher side at all load conditions. The brake thermal efficiency of the engine while using wood chips in the dual mode operation is higher than that of coir-pith. The CO emission is higher in the case of dual fuel mode of operation as compared to that of diesel mode. In the dual fuel mode of operation, the higher diesel savings is achieved while using wood chips as compared to that of coir-pith. The comparison of the performance and emission characteristics of the dual fuel engine with diesel engine is also described.