基于剪接系统的遗传算法RBF网络建模方法

A splicing system based genetic algorithm is proposed to optimize dynamical radial basis function （RBF） neural network, which is used to extract valuable process information from input output data. The novel RBF network training technique includes the network structure into the set of function centers by compromising between the conflicting requirements of reducing prediction error and simultaneously decreasing model complexity. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated through the development of dynamic models as a benchmark discrete example and a continuous stirred tank reactor by comparing with several different RBF network training methods.     

Nonlinear state estimation for fermentation process using cubature Kalman filter to incorporate delayed measurements☆

State estimation of biological process variables directly influences the performance of on-line monitoring and op-timal control for fermentation process. A novel nonlinear state estimation method for fermentation process is proposed using cubature Kalman filter (CKF) to incorporate delayed measurements. The square-root version of CKF (SCKF) algorithm is given and the system with delayed measurements is described. On this basis, the sample-state augmentation method for the SCKF algorithm is provided and the implementation of the proposed algorithm is constructed. Then a nonlinear state space model for fermentation process is established and the SCKF algorithm incorporating delayed measurements based on fermentation process model is presented to implement the nonlinear state estimation. Finally, the proposed nonlinear state estimation methodology is applied to the state estimation for penicillin and industrial yeast fermentation processes. The simulation results show that the on-line state estimation for fermentation process can be achieved by the proposed method with higher esti-mation accuracy and better stability.     

Fault Prediction Based on Dynamic Model and Grey Time Series Model in Chemical Processes

This paper combines grey model with time series model and then dynamic model for rapid and in-depth fault prediction in chemical processes. Two combination methods are proposed. In one method, historical data is in-troduced into the grey time series model to predict future trend of measurement values in chemical process. These predicted measurements are then used in the dynamic model to retrieve the change of fault parameters by model based diagnosis algorithm. In another method, historical data is introduced directly into the dynamic model to re-trieve historical fault parameters by model based diagnosis algorithm. These parameters are then predicted by the grey time series model. The two methods are applied to a gravity tank example. The case study demonstrates that the first method is more accurate for fault prediction.     

一种基于测量的双层动态优化策略及其在青霉素发酵过程中的应用(英文)

One measurement-based dynamic optimization scheme can achieve optimality under uncertainties by tracking the necessary condition of optimality (NCO-tracking), with a basic assumption that the solution model remains invariant in the presence of al kinds of uncertainties. This assumption is not satisfied in some cases and the stan-dard NCO-tracking scheme is infeasible. In this paper, a novel two-level NCO-tracking scheme is proposed to deal with this problem. A heuristic criterion is given for triggering outer level compensation procedure to update the solution model once any change is detected via online measurement and estimation. The standard NCO-tracking process is carried out at the inner level based on the updated solution model. The proposed approach is il ustrated via a bioreactor in penicil in fermentation process.     

基于仿射聚类、高斯过程和贝叶斯决策的多模型软测量建模

Presented is a multiple model soft sensing method based on Affinity Propagation(AP),Gaussian process(GP) and Bayesian committee machine(BCM).AP clustering arithmetic is used to cluster training samples according to their operating points.Then,the sub-models are estimated by Gaussian Process Regression(GPR).Finally,in order to get a global probabilistic prediction,Bayesian committee machine is used to combine the outputs of the sub-estimators.The proposed method has been applied to predict the light naphtha end point in hydrocracker fractionators.Practical applications indicate that it is useful for the online prediction of quality monitoring in chemical processes.     

基于模糊CMAC神经网络的4-CBA软测量

Soft sensor is attractive in dealing with online product quality measurement by virtue of other easily measured variables. In AMOCO PTA (purified terephthalic acid) production process, the unavailability of real-time measurement of 4-CBA makes it impossible for timely adjustment and thereby influences the product quality and the plant economy benefit. In this paper, a kind of FCMAC (fuzzy cerebellar model articulation controller) method is presented to solve the online measurement problem. Different from the conventional CMAC (cerebellar model articulation controller) networks, which has inferior smoothing ability because of its table look-up based technology. Integrating fuzzy model into CMAC networks, it becomes more accurate in functional mapping without weakening its generalization ability. Numerical example and industrial application results show the method proposed here is satisfactory and feasible.     

工业PTA氧化过程4-CBA浓度的模糊神经网络模型

A fuzzy neural network (FNN) model is developed to predict the 4-CBA concentration of the oxidation unit in purified terephthalic acid process. Several technologies are used to deal with the process data before modeling.First,a set of preliminary input variables is selected according to prior knowledge and experience. Secondly,a method based on the maximum correlation coefficient is proposed to detect the dead time between the process variables and response variables. Finally, the fuzzy curve method is used to reduce the unimportant input variables.The simulation results based on industrial data show that the relative error range of the FNN model is narrower than that of the American Oil Company (AMOCO) model. Furthermore, the FNN model can predict the trend of the 4-CBA concentration more accurately.     

基于梯度估计的直接自适应控制

A control method of direct adaptive control based on gradient estimation is proposed in this article. The dynamic system is embedded in a linear model set. Based on the embedding property of the dynamic system, an adaptive optimal control algorithm is proposed. The robust convergence of the proposed control algorithm has been proved and the static control error with the proposed method is also analyzed. The application results of the proposed method to the industrial polypropylene process have verified its feasibility and effectiveness.     

A multi-model approach for soft sensor development based on feature extraction using weighted kernel fisher criterion简

Multi-model approach can significantly improve the prediction performance of soft sensors in the proc- ess with multiple operational conditions. However, traditional clustering algorithms may result in overlapping phe- nomenon in subclasses, so that edge classes and outliers cannot be effectively dealt with and the modeling result is not satisfactory. In order to solve these problems, a new feature extraction method based on weighted kernel Fisher criterion is presented to improve the clustering accuracy, in which feature mapping is adopted to bring the edge classes and outliers closer to other normal subclasses. Furthermore, the classified data are used to develop a multiple model based on support vector machine. The proposed method is applied to a bisphenol A production process for prediction of the quality index. The simulation results demonstrate its ability in improving the data classification and the prediction performance of the soft sensor.     

基于改进的快速搜索聚类算法和高斯过程回归的催化重整脱氯前氢气纯度多模型建模方法

氢气是催化重整反应的重要副产物之一,建立氢气纯度软测量模型有助于指导生产。针对催化重整过程工况复杂多变、单一软测量模型难以满足精度要求,提出了一种基于改进的快速搜索聚类算法和高斯过程回归的多模型软测量建模方法。首先,针对快速搜索聚类算法中截断距离是由人为设定的问题,提出了一种截断距离确定方法。并用该改进算法对历史数据进行自动分类,建立各个数据子集的高斯过程回归模型,使各子模型在最大程度上反映不同工况点。然后,针对聚类后得到的带有类别标签的历史数据,建立类别辨识模型,与各子模型相结合,形成开关模式的组合模型。最后,将该建模方法应用于连续催化重整装置,建立了脱氯前氢气纯度的在线计算模型。结果表明,该多模型建模方法具有较高的预测精度,优于传统的单一模型,有一定的实用价值。     

基于加权模糊聚类方法的多模型建模

针对化工过程软测量模型的多样性,提出基于一种加权模糊聚类方法的多模型建模方法。将输入向量与输出的相关性作为加权系数,构建加权模糊聚类算法,对样本空间的输入数据进行聚类,然后用与输入变量对应的子模型进行输出估计,子模型输出作为系统模型的最终输出。该方法能够实现对输入数据更加合理的划分,提高软测量模型的精度。将该方法应用于双酚A生产过程的质量指标软测量建模,仿真结果表明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于Gath-Geva算法和核极限学习机的多阶段间歇过程软测量

间歇过程具有较强的非线性,多阶段、慢时变及批次间存在变化,采用单一预测模型不能反映间歇过程的多阶段特性及阶段间过渡特性。提出一种基于Gath-Geva聚类和核极限学习机（kernel extreme learning machine,KELM）的多模型软测量方法。首先采用主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）对输入做特征提取,然后利用Gath-Geva算法对间歇过程进行多阶段工况划分,根据生产工况特性划分为不同的操作阶段后,分别建立局部KELM模型。对任一待预测样本,分别计算其对应各局部模型的预测值,最后采用贝叶斯集成,将其隶属于各局部模型的模糊隶属度作为权重和预测值融合得到最终预测值。以青霉素发酵数据进行实验测试,结果表明所提多模型算法相较于单一模型,具有更高的预测精度。     

基于改进聚类和加权bagging的多模型软测量建模

针对化工生产过程中软测量模型估计精度的问题,提出一种基于改进聚类和加权bagging的多模型建模方法。该方法在传统FCM聚类的基础上,利用K-近邻处理进一步降低错分率,改善聚类效果;通过相关性分析对训练样本集进行特征分组,将原始集划分为多个特征集;最后根据加权bagging的集成学习算法,融合支持向量机自适应地实现多模型建模。仿真结果表明,该建模方法可以合理地加权分配特征子模型,使得模型估计精度得到提高,具有更强的泛化能力。     

加热炉炉温的模糊广义预测控制仿真研究

针对加热炉炉温的大惯性、大滞后及非线性等特点,提出一种基于T-S模糊模型的模糊广义预测控制策略。T-S模糊模型的前件和后件参数分别采用粒子群优化的模糊C-均值算法和递推最小二乘法辨识,根据输入变量更新模型隶属度并将T-S模糊模型等价转换为线性模型,以此作为预测模型应用于广义预测控制。仿真结果表明:该方法在不同工况下均具有较短的调节时间,在扰动作用下有很强的鲁棒性。     

基于模糊规则的多模型固相质量流量软测量

针对静电传感器无法给出颗粒质量流量绝对值以及多相流流动形态和结构变化影响传感器输出等问题，提出了一种基于分解合成的多模型加权平均的固相质量流量非线性软测量模型。在高压密相气力输送系统上，通过静电传感器获得大量试验数据，提取信号特征，利用模糊聚类算法将输入数据进行空间分区, 每一区间上用径向基函数（RBF）神经网络辨识出一个子模型, 再利用模糊推理将各子模型输出加权求和得到颗粒质量流量的估计值。该模型减小了流型对测量结果的影响，提高了测量精度。     

基于改进DPC的青霉素发酵过程多模型软测量建模

青霉素发酵过程具有较强的非线性、时变性、阶段性和不确定性,基于单一的软测量模型对产物浓度进行在线估计,难以满足系统对模型精度的要求。针对上述问题,提出一种改进密度峰值聚类的多模型软测量建模方法来估计青霉素发酵过程中的产物浓度。首先,引入相似度函数代替欧氏距离计算样本点的k近邻,并且计算样本点与其k近邻之间的共享近邻,进而利用样本点的k近邻及共享近邻重新定义样本点的局部密度。其次,利用样本点之间的k近邻关系来重新定义样本点的分配策略;通过改进的聚类算法得到各聚类子集,分别建立基于最小二乘支持向量机的软测量模型。Pensim仿真平台的验证结果表明,改进的聚类算法能够更加准确地对样本数据进行聚类,从而有效提高青霉素发酵过程软测量模型的估计精度。     

基于证据合成的高斯过程回归多模型软测量方法

针对生物发酵过程,提出了一种基于证据理论的高斯过程回归多模型软测量方法,其中多模型融合策略同时考虑了数据聚类特性和软测量子模型统计特性。首先,对聚类后的各子类建立高斯过程回归子模型;然后,基于聚类隶属度函数和高斯过程回归子模型后验概率分别设计子模型权值,并利用证据合成规则将两类权值进行证据合成得到融合权值;最后,将该融合权值作为加权因子对子模型进行融合。通过青霉素发酵过程仿真数据和红霉素发酵过程工业数据研究表明, 相比单一模型和传统多模型高斯过程回归软测量方法,本文所提方法具有较高的预测精度和较小的预测不确定度。     

基于改进模糊C均值聚类算法的乙烯裂解原料识别

乙烯裂解过程中原料变化种类多,其原料分析仪因价格昂贵工业现场很少配备,为此实现油品属性的在线识别对实现裂解过程在线优化具有重要意义。由于传统模糊C均值算法隶属度的求取是基于欧氏距离,其算法只包含均值中心,带来聚类效果的单一性。为了充分利用裂解原料的有效信息,提出了基于混合概率模型的模糊隶属度设置方法,即通过建立混合高斯模型实现对聚类样本隶属关系的概率分布描述,并利用EM算法进行模型参数的极大似然估计。该算法可在考虑样本均值中心的前提下,进一步有效利用样本协方差与权重系数信息进行模式判别。最后,以经典IRIS数据聚类、乙烯裂解原料识别为仿真实例,验证了本文所述方法在Dunn指标和Xiebieni指标上明显优于模糊C均值聚类算法,表明了该方法的有效性。     

Soft Computing of Biochemical Oxygen Demand Using an Improved T–S Fuzzy Neural Network

It is difficult to measure the online values of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) due to the characteristics of nonlinear dynamics, large lag and uncertainty in wastewater treatment process. In this paper, based on the knowledge representation ability and learning capability, an improved T–S fuzzy neural network (TSFNN) is introduced to predict BOD values by the soft computing method. In this improved TSFNN, a K-means clustering is used to initialize the structure of TSFNN, including the number of fuzzy rules and parameters of membership function. For training TSFNN, a gradient descent method with the momentum item is used to adjust antecedent parameters and consequent parameters. This improved TSFNN is applied to predict the BOD values in effluent of the wastewater treatment process. The simulation results show that the TSFNN with K-means clustering algorithm can measure the BOD values accurately. The algorithm presents better approximation performance than some other methods.