甲醇合成工艺及其合成催化剂的发展趋势

甲醇是一种重要的基本有机化工产品，也是用途十分广泛的基本化工原料。50年代，我国采用前苏联的技术在吉化、太原、兰州等地建立了高压甲醇合成装置，60年代又结合我国中小化肥企业比较多的特点在合成氨工业的基础上，创造性开发了联酵工艺，成为我国甲醇工业的重要分支，近十多年来，随着世界甲醇技术的不断飞速发展，在原料、生产规模，节能降耗、催化剂开发和应用，以及自动化控制等各个领域都有了新的突破。     

辛伐他汀的合成

辛伐他汀是国外最畅销的新药，该药合成采用洛伐他汀为起始原料，用2，4－二甲基吡啶替代文献中1，4－Hyrrolidinoloyridine作为催化剂，并对各步反应筛选了最佳的反应条件和投料比，经水解、上叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷保护、酰化、脱甲硅化得到辛伐他汀，总收率39．8％。     

甜菜碱的合成

以三甲胺及一氯乙酸为原料合成甜菜碱，讨论了影响产品收率及含量的主要因素，在优化工艺条件下，甜菜碱的收率达到90.3%，含量达到99.1%，该工艺具有操作简单，易干燥，收率高，含量高，成本低，易推广应用等优点。     

柠檬酸三丁酯的合成

用固体氯化物催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯。研究了催化剂的用量，原料配比，反应温度、反应时间对酯化反应的影响，确定了最佳工艺条件，酯化收率大于96%。     

过氧化钙的合成

本文介绍了用石灰乳，氯化铵，双氧水合成过氧化钙，母液循环，产率达９５％。     

苯磺酸氨氯地平的合成

以邻苯二甲酸酐为起始原料，经保护、取代、缩合、去保护、成盐等步骤，合成了苯磺酸氨氯地平，对其中关键步骤工艺进行了改进，总收率提高10％，降低了生产成本。     

漂粉精的合成

通过小试研究了合成漂粉精的条件，得到的结论为：一次氯化工艺条件，温度20～25℃，时间2.5～3．0h；二次氯化工艺条件，温度10～15℃，时间1．5～2．0h。此条件下工艺基本稳定，产品有效氯含量可达70％，其他技术指标也基本符合要求。     

六氟磷酸锂的合成

随着现代通讯、信息产业、绿色交通的迅猛发展，移动电话、个人笔记本电脑、新型电动汽车等成为众所熟悉的使用工具，正当人们为这些高科技产品深感骄傲的同时，却又因为电池使用容量有限而深感遗憾，手机常会出现电油耗尽而停止通话的情形，笔记本电脑中的运行程序也常会因电池不足而停止，电动汽车因一次充电的行程有限而制约了它们更快的发展。一种新的高性能、高容量的电池已经出现，其性能大大优于以往的镍一铬、镍一氢电池，这就是馊电池。其使用时在手机中是前H者的5－7倍，大大方便了用户，目前新型的手机、笔记本电脑已将拥电池列…     

碳酸二甲酯的合成

碳酸二甲酯的合成朱征祥，傅涛（化工部上海化工研究院２０００６２）１前言碳酸一甲酯（Ｄｉｍ。ｔｈｙｌＣａｒｂｏｎａｔｅ）是一种用途广泛的有机合成小间体，由干它含有一＊ｏ，Ｃｏ－ＯＣＨ。，－ＣＨ。基因，所以可通过不同反应条件控制它进行联基ｔ、联基甲氧化及...     

苯甲酸的合成

本文研究了以KMnO4为乳化剂，相转移催化乳化合成苯甲跋的有关影响因素，结果表明十六烷基三丁基溴化磷(HDTBP)的催化效果最好，达到70．1％，但价格较贵，同时KMnO4的自身分解严重影响了它对甲苯的乳化作用，反应在中性介质中发生反应为宜。     

Combined use of sepiolite and a hyperbranched polyester in the modification of epoxy/anhydride coatings: A study of the curing process and the final properties

The curing reaction of formulations of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (THPA) catalyzed with a tertiary amine and containing sepiolite and/or hyperbranched poly(ester) has been studied by means of DSC, and the effect of each additive has been evaluated. The resulting coatings have been characterized by DMTA, TGA and also the shrinkage during the curing process has been determined. The influence of the additives in the toughness of the resulting coatings has been determined by performing standardized impact tests and observing the fracture surfaces by SEM. The values of impact strength have been correlated to the morphology of the samples by means of TEM. Also microhardness of the cured materials has been measured.     

对合成塔触媒升温还原水汽浓度测定方法的探讨

分析了碱石棉吸收称量法测触媒升温还原水汽浓度不准的原因 ;介绍了先进的电石吸收转化法 ,并对新方法中的关键环节进行了详细研究     

Effect of different modified nanoclays on the kinetics of preparation and properties of polymer-based nanocomposites

Polymer-clay nanocomposites have been prepared by free radical and RAFT polymerizations. To investigate the effects of nanoclay content and its modification system on the kinetics of polymerization, two different commercial grades of clay including Na-MMT and Cloisite 30B have been used and a method has been developed for further modification of Na-MMT with two commercial modifiers containing either a long organic chain or a vinyl group. Also, kinetics of free radical and RAFT polymerizations of both styrene and methyl methacrylate in the presence of these nanoclays was studied. Morphology of the nanocomposites has been studied by XRD and the results have been assessed with TEM observations. Exfoliated structure was obtained for the nanocomposites with 1?wt.% of vinyl-containing clays. Thermogravimetric behavior of the nanocomposites has been studied by TGA. Incorporation of clays has resulted in an evident increase in thermal stability of both polymers.     

The Study of Template Polymerization Kinetics of Multiacrylate

The synthesis of poly(2-acryloyloxyethyl methacrylate) has been performed followed by its polymerization. The kinetics of photochemically initiated template polymerization resulting in a ladder polymer has been examined. Global reaction rate constants within 293–313K, global activation energy, activation entropy and initiation rate have been determined. It has been found that in comparison with a conventional polymerization process of methyl methacrylate, the template process is characterized by reduced activation energy and entropy. It has been observed that in the polymerization of multimonomer (when monomer units are linked with the template by covalent bonds), there are similar regular relationships to those in the template polymerization of methyl methacrylate, where the only forces acting between the template and the growing macroradical are intermolecular. © of SCI.     

Optical and electrochemical study of underpotential deposition of bismuth on gold electrode

The underpotential deposition of Bi on Au has been investigated by specular reflectance spectroscopy and linear sweep voltammetry. The spectral dependance of ΔR/R caused by Bi adatoms has been determined and compared with the calculated spectrum. A satisfactory agreement between experimental and calculated spectra was found. ΔR/R values have been used to determine the surface concentration of Bi_ad which then has been used to calculate the electrosorption valence of Bi_ad. It has been found that γ_Bi = 2.6. The optical evidence of interaction of Bi ions with gold oxide has been obtained.     

间苯二甲酸连续多级结晶的数学模拟

以粒数衡算为基础,对间苯二甲酸精制的多级连续蒸发结晶流程建模。通过对模型预测和实测最终产品的比较,确定了间苯二甲酸在水中的结晶动力学参数,并利用所建模型和得到的结晶动力学方程分析了各种操作参数对结晶产品粒度分布的影响,提出了改善结晶产品的粒度分布的条件并实际应用于工业生产。     

等电流电渗析模型脱盐试验

等电流操作电渗析比等电压操作电渗析更容易通过调整膜对数控制多段电渗析各段的脱盐率和极化点。通过不同方案试验对比，提出了合理的等电流操作电渗析的膜对数组合。通过试验验证了Ca(HCO3)2型井水在预处理中加酸酸化，再进行电渗析脱盐工艺比预处理中未加酸酸化工艺脱盐效果较明显。     

铀-邻苯二胺配合物的合成及表征

研究了用非盐类的二氧化铀合成配合物的新方法.以邻苯二胺、UO<,2>为原料,在水热条件下合成得到铀-邻苯二胺配合物,并采用红外光谱、紫外光谱、热失重分析等对配合物进行了表征.结果表明,该配合物具有很好的稳定性.     

Determination of the extent of rancidity of soybean oil by gas chromatography compared with peroxide value

The development of rancidity in soybean oil has been studied by gas chromatography (GC), peroxide value (PV) and sensory evaluation. The GC method has been adapted from previous methodology and another type of column packing has been used for the purpose. The GC peaks have been treated as one whole group, and and oxidation value (OV) has been computed by means of an internal standard (n-octanol). The OV’ have been correlated with the PV’s. The flavor of soybean oil and a blend of 50% soybean oil and 50% hydrogenated soybean oil, both kept at 60 C for varying lengths of time, was evaluated by a panel and the results have been presented in a new graphical form. A relationship between the OV and the flavor of the fat has been demonstrated. The merits of the method are discussed.     

TATB粒子表面改性研究

利用物理（微波和紫外光辐照）方法处理TATB炸药的表面，使TATB粉末表面被部分活化，达到TATB粒子表面改性的目的。研究表明：经过微波处理和UV光辐照对TATB粒子进行改性，TATB的表面性能被改善，吸附、润湿性能增强，与粘结剂的作用力提高。微波处理是通过高能粒子对TATB的表面“刻蚀”作用，使表面粗糙度增大，新生表面积扩大；UV光辐照是使TATB的表面活性中心偏移，TATB分子中－NO2的部分空轨道被电子填充，使－NO2与粘结剂间的作用有所增强；但在H2O2存在的条件下进行UV光辐射后，又经超声波处理的效果最好。