精细胶粉物理化学法制备及其机械性能研究

本文主要介绍了物理化学法制备精细胶粉的主要工艺及有关试验结果。该项技术的关键在于溶胀剂的配制回收和高能搅拌磨粉碎工艺。指出了化学法有效作用的时间问题。讨论了影响有效作用时间的主要影响因素。试验结果表明，化学法制备的胶粉粒度比用同样粉碎工艺制备的胶粉粒度要细化得多；延长粉碎时间，增加料筒中介质体积百分比，减少装料体积均有利于胶粉细化。试验还显示，化学法制备的精细胶粉的机械性能明显高于普通粉碎法，而且胶粉粒度越小，化学法胶粉的机械性能较普通法的上升得越高；胶粉粒度越小，其机械性能就越高，60目和80目胶粉的拉伸强度最低，140目至200目胶粉的拉伸强度最高。     

超临界CO2GAS沉析HMX制细过程的影响因素

研究了超临界CO2GAS沉析丙酮溶液中HMX的过程压力、温度、溶液初始浓度和溶液的膨胀速度及影响晶体粒度的因素。结果表明，压力增加，沉析颗粒的平均粒度减小；温度控制沉析晶体的晶型，对颗粒度的影响相对较小，温度增加，沉析平均粒度略有增加；溶液初始浓度对平均粒度的影响相对较大，膨胀速度亦是影响粒度及其分布的一个因素。快速膨胀溶液．并使过饱和度足够大，使过饱和度主要消耗在成核上，可得到颗粒小、分布窄的HMX颗粒。     

国内外超细炸药制备技术的发展概况

概述了国内外超细炸药制备技术的近况。对细化炸药的几种制备技术分别进行了分析阐述，其结果对单质炸药颗粒粒度的超细化研究具有现实意义。     

亚微米级炸药中表面活性剂的作用机理

用欧美克LS－800型激光粒度测定仪测试了HNS细化的两种产品，结果表明，工艺中使用表面活性剂的产品在粒度分布范围方面及颗粒度方面都优于未使用表面活性剂的产品，另外对表面活性剂在细化工艺中的作用机理进行了理论研究、研究结果对表面活性剂在亚微米级炸药技术中的应用有一定的参考价值。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取姜黄素的工艺研究

研究了超临界二氧化碳萃取植物姜黄中姜黄素的工艺条件，研究了原料粒度、奉取压力、萃取温度及夹带剂使用情况对姜黄素提取率的影响。通过研究，我们得出超临界二氧化碳萃取姜黄素的最佳提取工艺条件：原料粒度1mm，萃取压力28MPa，萃取温度45℃，夹带剂使用量3000ml。实验结果表明：利用超临界二氧化碳可以有效地从姜黄中提取姜黄素，提取率在98％以上，并成功地进行了工业化生产。     

超临界流体强制分散溶液技术及其在药物领域的应用

超临界流体强制分散溶液技术以其独特的优点,在药物超细化和微胶囊化等方面得到了广泛的应用。介绍了该技术的基本原理及工艺改进的研究情况,综述了该技术在药物及药物载体超细微粒和药物微囊制备方面的应用进展。利用SEDS过程能制备粒度分布窄的微米级甚至纳米级的微粒,能够将残留溶剂减小到非常低的质量浓度并且容易控制微粒粒径及粒度分布。     

超临界流体构筑微粒技术作为药物制剂研发平台的应用

在药物递送系统的研发和应用过程中,制备结构可控的微粒药物制剂是重要且有效的方式。本论文阐述了超临界流体构筑微粒技术在药物递送系统创新的应用,包括纳微米级药物微粒、药物多晶型控制和复合粒子制剂。总结了不同类型的超临界流体工艺特点及其粒子微观结构调控的机理。基于热力学和流体动力学两因素,利用超临界流体构筑微粒技术调控构筑药物活性成分的微观结构,包括粒度、晶型、晶习和粒度分布。     

超临界辅助雾化制备适于气溶胶给药的药物微粒

超临界流体辅助雾化法（SAA）是一种新型的以超临界流体为基础的固体微粒制备工艺,既能用于水溶性,也可用于脂溶性的溶质.该工艺能制备出适用于气溶胶给药要求的微粒,预期可在药物行业内得到应用.综述了SAA过程的形成和特色、工艺流程和操作条件以及相应的造粒结果.评述了6种药物微粒的粒度、粒度分布及其形貌.经SAA加工后的药物质量未见变化,目前该工艺已进入中试阶段,展示出较快的发展速度.比较了SAA和现有的主要以超临界流体为基础的微粒制造工艺.展望了加强应用基础研究的必要性,进一步分析了SAA的机理和过程实质.     

超细炸药的制备新技术研究

综述了国内外超细炸药制备新技术的概况。对细化炸药的几种制备技术的原理和优缺点进行了归纳总结。其结果对炸药颗粒粒度的超细化研究具有现实意义。     

超临界CO_2萃取蛋黄油及数学模拟

在萃取器为 1.2L的试验装置上 ,在温度为 45℃、压力为 32 .0MPa、原料粒度 (D)为 1.2mm的条件下 ,进行了超临界CO2 萃取蛋黄油的研究 .考察了CO2 的流量和原料粒度对萃取的影响 .建立了超临界CO2 萃取蛋黄油的数学模型 ,该模型能较好地反映实际萃取过程 .根据模拟结果得到外扩散传质系数和流体流速的 0 .5 48次方成正比     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.