三种液体洗涤剂的黏度研究

用NDJ-9S型黏度计分别测定了洗洁精、洗发露和结构型重垢洗衣液的黏度。结果发现．洗洁精的黏温指数最大,结构型重垢洗衣液的触变性最好。这三种液体洗涤剂都是典型的非牛顿液体。     

两种新型日用洗涤剂面世

日前 ,中国日用化学研究所研制成功两种新型洗涤剂。作为国家“九五”科技攻关项目 ,这两种新产品将在人们的日常生活中发挥重要作用。结构型无磷重垢液体洗涤剂采用液体洗涤剂的配方技术 ,是国际上最新的重垢液体洗涤剂的产品类型。产品中的活性物具有特殊的液晶结构 ,属国内首创。产品不含磷 ,有利于环境保护。该产品功效独特 ,成分中含有足量的有效助剂 ,有效物含量在 5 0 %以上 ,活性物含量大于 1 5 % ,去污指数高于 1 .2 (0 .2 % ,45℃ ) ,去污力是普通液体洗涤剂的 1倍 ,手洗、机洗均可 ,在低温下溶解迅速 ,性能优于洗衣粉 ,在室温下…     

重垢液体洗涤剂稳定性的研究

对几种表面活性剂,无机助剂复配重垢液体洗涤剂的稳定性进行对比研究。具体研究了复配表面活性剂的品种及配比,无机助洗剂的选用,搅拌时间及强度,稳定剂,pH值对洗涤剂稳定性的影响。确定了最佳条件:在pH≤10,搅拌强度为80r/min,搅拌时间≥4h时所得重垢液体洗涤剂最稳定。     

液体洗涤剂的回顾及展望

论述了液体洗涤剂的市场现状。对各种类型的液体洗涤剂,包括重垢液体洗涤剂、液体自动餐具洗涤剂、轻垢液体洗涤剂、液体皂以及专用液体洗涤剂等的发展进行了回顾,并阐述了我国液体洗涤剂的发展趋势。     

无磷结构型重垢洗衣液的研制

无磷结构型重垢洗衣液为环保性洗涤产品；利用表面活性剂在一定条件下能形成液晶态的特性研制无磷结构型重垢洗衣液，采用了比较适宜的生产工艺，测试了产品主要性能。     

液体洗涤剂的历史回顾和最新进展

报道了各种类型液体洗涤剂，包括轻垢液体洗涤剂，重垢液体洗涤剂，液体自动餐具洗涤剂，洗发液和调整剂，液体肥皂，织物柔软剂，专用液体洗涤剂等的历史回顾和最新进展，并简述了我国液体洗涤剂的发展。     

重垢液体洗涤剂的性能及配制

重垢液体洗涤剂的性能及配制０简介近几年来液体洗涤剂在重垢洗涤剂市场中的占有率显著增长，其主要增长范围为非复配洗涤剂。这些非复配的重垢液体洗涤剂（ＨＤＬ’Ｓ）比洗衣粉含较大量的非离子。非离子如醇醚比普通的阴离子如直链烷基苯磺酸盐（ＬＡＳ）对油圬的去除好...     

加酶重垢液体洗涤剂的制备

介绍了加酶重垢液体洗涤剂的洗涤原理，生产工艺，配制方法及其酶制剂在液体溶液中的稳定性能。     

重垢液体洗涤剂——液体洗涤剂的诱惑(英)

介绍了三种形式的液体洗涤剂即：均质型、结构型和无水型。重垢液洗具有洗衣粉所不具备的功能,它在冷水中比洗衣粉易溶,也易分散,不像洗衣粉在贮藏时因为受潮而结块。高浓缩均质液洗生产工艺难,并限制了表面活性剂和助剂的使用范围。结构型液洗,表面活性剂盐析出溶液,形成层状相液滴,最终形成不透明的液体,它非常稳定且可以悬浮大量固体物。无水液洗能包含所有最好的组分而对水的相容性没有影响。尽管近几年液洗有了很大的改变,但目前还在变化中,要抓住机会改变洗涤剂配方。     

液体重垢洗涤剂的研制与开发

液体重垢洗涤剂具有节能的优点，投资少，见效快，又节省活性物。充分使用好各种助洗剂，开发出性能优良的重垢液体洗涤剂。     

Fluorescent whitening agents in heavy duty liquid detergents

Fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) for laundry detergents have been known and successfully used for decades to provide a valuable contribution to the washing results. The increased sophistication of detergent formulations, which is expected to continue into the 1990s, presents new needs and challenges for the FWA. This paper looks specifically at the development of the heavy duty liquid detergent segment and its influence on FWA formulation and performance characteristics such as processability, compatibility, stability and spotting.     

Detergent enzymes: Developments during the last decade

The decade of the seventies saw dramatic changes in the formulation of heavy duty laundry detergents. The reduction in the STPP content in laundry product formulations was a notable example. During the early 1970s, heavy duty liquid laundry detergents were introduced and today represent an estimated 20% of the heavy duty laundry detergent market. A significant trend during this decade toward lower wash temperatures also appeared. These developments in home laundry products and washing trends have been followed by collateral developments in detergent enzyme technology. During the 1970s, a new generation of high alkaline, active detergent enzymes were developed. This new group of alkaline proteases were characterized by greater activity and stability under conditions of alkalinity between pH 10.5 to near 12, thus favoring phosphate-free detergent formulations. These enzymes also were found to exhibit superior stability in nonbuilt liquid laundry detergent systems. Safety considerations at the plant operation level have resulted in a continual improvement in the quality of coated and encapsulated detergent enzyme granulates. During the past 10 years, detergent enzymes have passed through three generations of physical forms, from the powders to prills to encapsulates. The decade of the 1980s offers exciting possibilities for enzymatic laundry products. The trend toward lower wash temperatures, caused initially by the popularity of synthetic fabrics, is being compounded by a radical reappraisal of household energy consumption patterns. In this new atmosphere of energy conservation, detergent enzymes will offer energy-saving options in an assortment of laundry products. Finally, as we start this decade of the 1980s, the spiralling cost of petrochemical feedstocks will cause us to rethink laundry product formulations and here again, detergent enzymes offer an important alternative for the future.     

结构型重垢洗认液的研究

参考液晶原理，选用价格全家的常见表面活性剂和无机盐助剂，经实验室配方实验和中间放大试验，研制出了结构型重垢洗衣液，其无机盐含量达27%，阴离子和非离子表面活性剂为18%，去污力比值不低于1.4，外观洁白细腻，自然存放二年未见变化，粘度（25℃）为0.98Pa.s。实验结果表明，该结构型重垢洗衣液稳定性好，易流动，性能价格比优，具有较强的市场竞争力。     

The workhorse surfactants: LAS,alcohol sulfates,and ether sulfates

Relative market volumes are discussed illustrating why LAS, alcohol sulfates, alcohol ether sulfates, and branched chain alkylene benzene sulfonates are called “workhorse” surfactants. Typical heavy duty powder, heavy duty liquid, and light duty liquid formulations from around the world are given for each material. Low mole ether sulfates for heavy duty powders are discussed as to chemical constituency and performance. Comparisions of LAS to paraffin sulfonates and olefin sulfonates are given for light duty liquid formulations. Shampoo performance advantages of alcohol sulfates over olefin sulfates are illustrated.     

Predictive power for life and residual life of the zinc rich primer coatings with electrical measurement

Zinc rich primers with lamellar and spherical shaped zinc pigments and their combinations were formulated. These zinc rich primers were used to measure the electrical conductance and subjected to the corrosion analysis for 3000 h. The lamellar shaped pigments at lower PVC were found to be better than spherical shaped pigments, whereas the typical combination of spherical and lamellar zinc was the best in providing corrosion protection. A set of equations were developed to predict the life and residual life for pigment of both shapes using PVC, conductance and corrosion resistance for 3000 h in salt spray as parameters. Finally the influence of zinc particle shape on the flow and orientation behavior was evaluated using rheological measurements.     

片状洗涤剂在欧洲（德）

近年来在欧洲自动洗碗机用洗涤剂和漂白促进剂等一些洗涤用品的片剂获得了较大的市场份额。自1997年末全欧推出的片状洗涤剂开创了一种新的产品品种。目前还难预测将来片状重垢型洗涤剂的市场份额能有多大。     

液态金属微液滴脉动热管的传热性能

利用室温液态金属和表面活性剂溶液混合工质的振荡运动,在脉动热管中形成液态金属微纳液滴分散的高热导率混合流体并提高其传热性能。本文将液态金属表面活性剂混合工质引入六弯管板式脉动热管中,在不同液态金属填充量和加热功率下开展可视化和传热性能实验。实验结果表明,液态金属在表面活性剂混合工质中通过振荡自分散成球形液滴且相互之间不易发生合并,并在表面活性剂工质中留下粒径在410~520nm的纳米颗粒。传热性能方面,液态金属填充量在20%~25%时,液态金属球形液滴的黏度高、质量大,会阻碍混合工质的振荡运动从而降低脉动热管的传热性能,填充量在5%~10%时,混合工质耦合了液态金属的高热导率特性,有效提高传热性能,热阻最多降低11.21%。     

Recent findings and experiences with alpha olefin sulfonates

In the sulfonation and sulfation of alpha olefin (AO), linear alkylbenzene (LAB), and alcohol ethoxylate (AE), improved reaction yields and products’ color were obtained by using the TO-Reactor recently developed in Lion Fat & Oil Co., Ltd., compared with those obtained in a conventional falling-film type reactor. These improvements especially were remarkable in the case of AO, so that light-colored alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS), having improved performance properties, was obtained without bleaching. For the performance tests, AOS was evaluated in several systems, together with some other surfactants, alcohol sulfate (AS), alcohol ethoxy sulfate (AES), linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), and alpha-sulfo fatty acid methyl ester (a-SEMe). AOS was one of the most useful surfactants for heavy duty powder detergents of low phosphate formulation because of its good detergency and foaming power, rinsing property, and free flowing property. Thus, bright white heavy duty powder detergents, containing 8% of P₂O₅, were developed with AOS (nonbleached), AES, LAS, sodium pyrophosphate (TSPP), and some other ingredients, which have been marketed in the household cleaning products field in Japan since 1976.     

螯合性表面活性剂的制备工艺与应用性能(Ⅳ)——N-酰基ED3A的应用

介绍了N-酰基ED3A螯合性表面活性剂与其他表面活性剂优异的配伍性能,复配产品能明显提高混合体系的耐盐性和抗硬水性,与酶、漂白剂相容性好,具有一定的助溶能力,适于配制无磷、超浓缩重垢液体洗涤剂、香波、浴液等个人清洁用品。重点介绍了此类表面活性剂的典型品种月桂酰基ED3A钠盐优异的表面活性与较强的螯合能力,它可以牢固地吸附在金属表面,抑制低碳钢在酸性条件下的腐蚀速度,使不锈钢在碱性条件下表面钝化,非常适于配制金属清洗剂、家具清洗剂等硬表面清洗剂,还可用于工业清洗、电渡、乳液聚合、浮选等领域。