氟橡胶复合导电材料性能

研究以氟橡胶为基体树脂,炭黑、石墨和碳纤维为导电填料的导电复合高分子材料中,炭黑、石墨、碳纤维及三者之间的配比和混炼时间对复合材料导电性能和机械性能的影响,制备出体积电阻率小于1Ω·cm的氟橡胶复合导电材料。     

炭黑复合导电高分子材料成型加工研究进展

概述了导电高分子材料的分类和性能特点，以及炭黑复合导电高分子材料的导电特性与机理。介绍了炭黑预处理。炭黑与基体混合，高分子材料加工方法及工艺条件等对炭黑复合导电高分子材料性能影响的国内外研究进展，总结了材料加工现有的技术难点。     

电致形状记忆聚己内酯／炭黑复合导电高分子材料的研究

制备了具有电致形状记忆特性的聚己内酯/炭黑(PCL/CB)复合导电高分子材料,研究了其电致形状记忆特性。结果表明,以交联聚酯作为聚合物基体、导电炭黑作为导电填料的复合导电高分子材料具有良好的电致形状记忆特性。拉伸2倍的CB300-25试样在200V电压作用下的形变回复率可达100%,响应时间140s。炭黑质量含量为25%的试样与炭黑含量为20%的试样相比,其响应时间较短,形变回复率也较高。随着电压的提高,试样的响应时间缩短,形变回复率提高。     

陶瓷含量对BCZT/PVTC复合铁电薄膜的调控及电热强度的影响

针对铁电聚合物材料电热制冷能力弱、需要高电场诱导极化等问题,在聚合物基体中引入高极化纳米陶瓷粉末,利用溶液浇铸法制备了陶瓷-聚合物复合铁电材料。通过微观结构表征、介电与铁电性能分析陶瓷掺杂量对复合材料整体性能的调控机制;利用唯象理论计算锆钛酸钡钙/聚偏氟乙烯-三氟乙烯-氯氟乙烯(BCZT/P(VDF-TrFE-CFE))复合材料在室温下的绝热温变以及电热强度。结果表明：当陶瓷质量分数大于12%时,会影响聚合物基体分散的均匀性,导致纳米颗粒发生团聚,引起漏电流效应。界面电荷的贡献以及陶瓷颗粒分散在聚合物基体中作为电荷核产生局部电场,进一步促进内部偶极子的翻转。在不同的陶瓷质量分数的复合材料中,当陶瓷质量分数为9%时,复合材料的电热性能最优,在35℃、电场强度为48 MV·m^-1时表现出4.36 K的高绝热温度变化,其电热强度可达0.091 K·m·MV^-1。     

氟化聚芳醚/PVDF复合阴离子交换膜的制备

为制备导电性能和机械性能良好的阴离子交换膜,将五甲基胍功能化的氟化聚芳醚二唑(FPAEO-G)与聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)进行溶液共混制备了FPAEO-G/PVDF复合离子交换膜。考察了PVDF比例对复合膜的溶胀率、吸水率、离子交换容量(IEC)以及电导率等性能的影响。测试结果表明,PVDF共混比例为10%时,复合膜在室温(20℃)下的溶胀率为10.93%,吸水率是42.98%,离子交换容量(IEC)为1.54mmol/g,电导率为1.37×10-2S/cm。     

石墨烯改性导电液体聚硫醚密封剂的制备及其性能研究

以镀镍石墨和石墨烯为导电填料,液体聚硫醚橡胶为基体,制备了导电室温硫化聚硫醚密封材料。研究了镀镍石墨和石墨烯用量对聚硫醚密封剂导电性能、力学性能、耐热性能的影响。结果表明,石墨烯/镀镍石墨复合导电填料体系具有良好的导电性能;在体积电阻率相同的条件下,与镀镍石墨相比,复合导电填料可实现密封剂密度降低约20%。此外,石墨烯具有优异的补强效果,添加石墨烯的密封剂之耐燃油和热空气老化后力学性能保持率显著高于无石墨烯密封剂材料,并且具有更好的耐盐雾和电磁屏蔽性能。     

全钒氧化还原液流电池复合双极板制备与性能

采用溶液插层复合法成功地制备了以聚丙烯（PP）和马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（g-PP）为基体材料、鳞片石墨（GP）为导电填料的全钒氧化还原液流电池（VRB）导电双极板。用四探针法、动电位、恒电位、循环伏安及交流阻抗考察了复合双极板的导电性、耐腐蚀性及电化学性能。实验结果表明：g-PP的加入可以使GP均匀地分散到高分子基体中,显著提高了导电填料与高分子基体之间的相容性,复合双极板的电导率为43.7 S·cm^-1,1.2 V下的腐蚀电流为1.9×10^-3 A相似文献   

γ-聚谷氨酸/凹凸棒石复合高吸水树脂的制备及性能

以γ-聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)和凹凸棒石(ATP)为原料,以聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚为交联剂,制备了γ-聚谷氨酸/凹凸棒石复合高吸水树脂,采用FTIR和SEM对其形貌和结构进行了表征。考察了γ-聚谷氨酸质量分数和凹凸棒石用量对复合高吸水树脂溶胀度的影响,发现当γ-PGA的质量分数为14%,ATP用量为6%(以γ-PGA的质量计,下同)时,样品在蒸馏水中的溶胀度较高,为820 g/g。同时,考察了溶液pH、NaCl质量分数、ZnCl_2质量分数和Na_2SO_3质量分数对复合树脂溶胀行为的影响,结果表明,适宜的pH为5～9;溶液中离子的质量分数越低,复合高吸水树脂的溶胀度越大;ZnCl_2溶液对树脂溶胀行为影响较大。此外,复合高吸水树脂具有较好的保水性能。     

导电高分子材料在锂硫电池中的应用研究进展

介绍了导电高分子材料包括聚苯胺、聚吡咯、聚噻吩在锂硫电池构件中的应用。回顾了三种材料作为锂硫电池正极中的包覆层、硫载体、含硫聚合物、集流体和粘结剂以及隔膜改性剂和功能隔层的研究进展。分析表明,经过导电高分子包覆的硫颗粒或碳/硫复合材料具有更优异的倍率性能和循环稳定性;相比于聚苯胺或聚吡咯,商业化的聚噻吩水溶液在制备包覆层上具有工艺优越性。提出了锂硫电池中导电高分子材料的研发方向,即基于物理和化学固硫机理设计导电高分子包覆层、开发导电高分子材料的可控合成技术以及探索导电高分子材料的特殊固硫机理,以期为高性能锂硫电池中导电高分子的选材和设计提供思路。     

导电高分子负载贵金属燃料电池催化剂的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外聚苯胺(PANI)、聚吡咯(PPy)、聚噻吩(PTh)以及它们的一些衍生物或复合物等导电高分子负载贵金属复合催化剂在燃料电池中的研究进展。指出金属颗粒在具有多孔结构、高表面积、低电阻和高的稳定性的导电高分子材料中具有较好的分散性,导电高分子负载贵金属催化剂呈现出较高的催化活性和耐CO中毒性能,从而提高了催化效率。     

Synthesis and characterization of conductive composite films of polyisoprene/PA12@ PANI

Polyamide@Polyaniline powders of core‐shell structure are known to have reduced conduction thresholds useful to maintain the mechanical and optical properties of the matrix. However, difficulties emerge at the synthesis stage, where dissolving the matrix without damaging the core‐shell particles becomes a challenge. The present solution avoids using solvents. Conductive polymer films containing solid Polyamide@Polyaniline particles are elaborated by UV photoreticulation of a liquid polyisoprene serving as a matrix. The conductive powders are obtained by in‐situ polymerization of aniline in presence of polyamide 12 (PA12) at room temperature using Dodecyl benzene sulfonic doping acid and Ammonium persulfate oxidant. Obtained films exhibit low percolation threshold compared to those containing pure solid polyaniline (PANI) particles even more conductive. This threshold is shown to be about 1.5 wt % of PANI. Films show good electrical conductivity and thermal stability up to 200°C allowing their use as antistatic polymer films for high temperatures. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39833.     

Waterborne acrylic–polyaniline nanocomposite as antistatic coating: preparation and characterization

An antistatic and electrically conductive acrylic–polyaniline nanocomposite coating was successfully synthesized by interfacial polymerization of aniline in the presence of acrylic latex. The acrylic latex was prepared through emulsion polymerization, and aniline was polymerized by in situ interfacial polymerization at the interface of acrylic latex/chloroform phase. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Vis spectroscopy and CHNS elemental analysis revealed the existence of 6.24 wt% emeraldine salt of polyaniline (PAni) in the dried film of the nanocomposite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the presence of colloidal polymer particles in the aqueous phase which was confirmed to have some advantages, including prevention of aggregation of particles, dispersibility improvement and enhancement of the PAni nanofibers aspect ratio in the acrylic polymer matrix. According to SEM results, PAni fibers with the length ranging from 12 to 67 µm and diameters between 0.078 and 1 µm, highly dispersed in the acrylic polymer matrix, were successfully synthesized. Thermal, electrical and mechanical properties of the acrylic copolymer were significantly affected by PAni incorporation. The onset degradation temperature in thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the thermal stability of the nanocomposite was improved compared to that of the pure acrylic copolymer. The nanocomposite film showed electrical conductivity of about 0.025 S/cm at room temperature, along with satisfactory mechanical properties, attractive as an antistatic material in coating applications.     

Conductive IPN based on polyaniline and silicon‐crosslinked styrene‐isoprene‐styrene triblock copolymer

A series of new conducting interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) are prepared by sequential crosslinking reactions of tetraethyl orthosilicate with silicon‐grafted functional styrene‐isoprene‐styrene triblock copolymer (SIS) and polyaniline (PANI) doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA). The various factors affecting the properties of conductive IPNs are investigated. The conductivity is found to increase only slightly after the IPN films are treated at 140 ° C . The thermal stability of the IPNs is much better than that of the pure polymer under nitrogen atmosphere, as shown by the results from thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA). © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

Quickly self-healing hydrogel at room temperature with high conductivity synthesized through simple free radical polymerization

The use of conductive self-healing hydrogels in electronic devices not only reduces replacement and maintenance costs but also prolongs their lifetime. Therefore, developing hydrogels with autonomous self-healing properties and electronic conductivity is vital for the advancement of emerging fields, such as conductors, semiconductors, sensors, artificial skin, and electrodes and solar cells. However, it remains a challenge to fabricate a hydrogel with high conductivity that can be healed quickly at room temperature without any external stimulus. In this work, we report an effective and simple free radical polymerization approach to synthesizing a hydrogel using modified rGO and acrylate monomers containing abundant ion groups. The hydrogel exhibits excellent electronic conductivity, extremely fast electronic self-healing ability, and excellent repeatable restoration performance at 25 °C. The conductivity of the hydrogel reaches 27.2 S/m, the hydrogel recovers its original shape, and scoring scratched on the surface totally disappears after holding at 25 °C for 40 s. This conductive, room-temperature self-healing hydrogel takes unique advantage of supramolecular chemistry and polymer nanoscience and has potential applications in various fields such as self-healing electronics, artificial skin, soft robotics, biomimetic prostheses, and energy storage. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47379.     

高导热高介电BT/SiC/PA6复合材料的制备及性能研究

以聚酰胺(PA6)为基体,氮化硅(SiC)为导热填料,钛酸钡(BT)为介电填料,通过热压法制备出系列复合材料;研究了不同粒径填料的搭配对材料导热与介电性能的影响。结果表明:在填充量较低时,使用混合粒径导热填料能产生一定的级配效应,从而提高复合材料的导热性能。总填充量为26%时,以4∶1的比例,用粒径为0.5~0.7μm和3μm的SiC共同填充PA6,制备获得了最高导热系数为0.9198W/(m·K)的复合材料,而不同粒径、不同功能的混合功能填料还能产生协同效应,进一步提升材料的导热性能并使材料同时获得较好的介电性能,当SiC填充量为20%,BT填充量为20%时,复合材料的导热系数达到1.1110W/(m·K),介电常数到达16(100Hz),损耗保持在0.075(100Hz)左右。     

Polyaniline − carbon nanohorn composites as thermoelectric materials

Thermoelectric materials can convert heat into electricity when a temperature gradient is present. The investigation of conductive polymers such as polyaniline (PANI ) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) as active materials for thermoelectric generators in the room temperature range is gaining interest because of several key advantages offered by these materials. The relative ease of solution processing, their mechanical stability and flexibility together with low density and low thermal conductivity make conductive polymers suitable for integration in a thermoelectric generator. Polymers offer remarkably low thermal conductivity values but modest Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity. In this work, polymer/inorganic nanocomposites of PANI with carbon particles such as single wall carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs ) were prepared via solution mixing of the precursors in order to increase the electrical conductivity by means of polymer matrix/nanohorn electronic junctions. The electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient were estimated on PANI /SWCNH films and pressed pellets and through‐plane thermal conductivity was determined on films. The thermal stability of PANI /SWCNH composites was evaluated by means of TGA /DSC coupled with residual gas analysis. It was found that a proper concentration of SWCNHs in PANI ?(+/?)‐camphor‐10‐sulfonic acid (CSA) film was effective in increasing the electrical conductivity without decreasing the Seebeck coefficient. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of processing parameters, applied pressure and temperature on the electrical resistivity of rubber-based conductive composites

Carbon black- and short carbon fibre (SCF)-filled conductive composites were prepared from ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene propylene diene (EPDM) rubber and their 50:50 blend. The electrical resistivity of carbon black- and SCF-filled composites were measured under different conditions. The electrical conductivity of filled polymer composites is due to the formation of a continuous conductive network in the polymer matrix. These conductive networks involve specific arrangement of conductive elements so that the electrical paths are formed for free movement of electrons. It was found that electrical conductivity of filled conductive composites depends on different processing parameters like mixing time, rotor speed, mixing temperature, vulcanization time and pressure and service conditions like applied pressure and temperature. The results of different experiments have been discussed in light of break down and formation of the continuous conductive network.     

Properties and thermo-switch behaviour of LDPE mixed with carbon black,zinc metal and paraffin wax

This paper reports on the presence of wax and radiation-induced crosslinking on the morphology, thermal and mechanical properties, as well as electrical conductivity and thermo-switch properties of LDPE containing different amounts of carbon black (CB) or carbon black plus zinc metal as filler. Although the filler was generally well dispersed in the polymer or polymer/wax blend, there were clear indications of the formation of conductive pathways. Different combinations of polymer, wax, CB and zinc filler and radiation induced crosslinking gave rise to different extents of crystallinity and/or chain immobilization, which had an influence on the mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties, and on the electrical conductivity and thermo-switch behaviour. Most importantly, the presence of wax, and CB and CB/Zn fillers, gave rise to increased electrical conductivity. The thermal expansion in the composites did not seem to play a significant role in obtaining larger values of the positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTC). We found that the presence of a small amount of paraffin wax significantly increased the PTC coefficients of the LDPE based conductive composites, and that γ-radiation induced crosslinking provided the thermo-mechanical stability of the amorphous regions in LDPE needed to obtain a high PTC intensity, which would provide a cheap material with good thermo-switch functionality, which is something not observed before.     

Investigation of improved dielectric and thermal properties of ternary nanocomposite PMMA/MXene/ZnO fabricated by in-situ bulk polymerization

Electric power system applications demand for high-temperature dielectric materials. The improved performance of polymer nanocomposites requires improvement in their thermal conductivity & stability, dielectric stability and processing technique. However, they often lose their dielectric properties with a rise in temperature. Here, we offer a solution by incorporating electrically conducting material (MXene) and semiconducting inorganic nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) into an insulating PMMA polymer matrix to maintain high dielectric constant, both at the room and high temperature. Therefore, to achieve desirable thermal and dielectric properties is the main objective of the present study based on the homogeneous distribution of the nanofillers by in-situ bulk polymerization assisted by strong sonication in the corresponding polymer. The introduction of MXene and ZnO NPs into the PMMA not only acquires a substantial increment in the dielectric constant, to attain a value 437, with minimum energy loss of 0.36 at 25 Hz, but also improves the thermal conductivity of PMMA up to 14 times by causing the reduction of thermal resistance, which is actually responsible for the poor thermal conductivity of amorphous pure PMMA polymer. More importantly, hybrid PMMA/4:2 wt% MXene:ZnO nanocomposite leads to an excellent thermal stability. Moreover, further characterization of the synthesized nanocomposites by FTIR, SEM and XRD leads to the evaluation of strong interaction of ternary components with PMMA matrix.     

Measurement of AC conductivity and dielectric properties of flexible conductive styrene–butadiene rubber‐carbon black composites

Flexible conductive polymer composites were prepared using styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) as a matrix and conductive carbon black as filler. The filler loading was varied from 10 to 60 phr. The effect of frequency, filler loading, temperature, and applied pressure on the AC conductivity, permittivity, and loss factor of the composites was studied. The AC conductivity of low and high loaded composites was found to be frequency dependent and independent respectively. The permittivity and the loss factor were continuously decreasing with increasing frequency. The increase in filler loading increased the AC conductivity, dielectric constant, and loss factor of the composites. Increase in temperature imposed increase in conductivity and permittivity of the composites. With increasing applied pressure the properties showed exponential increase. The effect of time under a constant compressive stress was studied and dielectric relaxation times were evaluated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 986–995, 2007