PVC/MBS共混物的形态及力学性能

采用种子乳液聚合方法,在聚丁二烯乳胶粒子上接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）和苯乙烯（St）,制得MBS核壳接枝共聚物,并将其作为增韧剂与聚氯乙烯（PVC）共混制备PVC/MBS共混物。考察了接枝不同MMA和St含量的MBS在PVC中的分散状态及其对PVC/MBS共混物力学性能。结果表明,当MBS壳层中MMA含量增加时,MBS粒子在PVC基体中的分散状态被改善;PVC/MBS共混物的冲击强度随之增加,冲击强度最高时为1117.74 J/m;当MBS中接枝少量St时,PVC/MBS共混物呈现韧性断裂,冲击值最高时为1039.33 J/m;当MBS接枝大量St时,会产生内包容现象,不利于提高PVC共混物的冲击强度。     

PVC/MBS/埃洛石纳米管复合材料的制备及其性能

采用熔融共混法制备了聚氯乙烯(PVC)/甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(MBS)/埃洛石纳米管(HNTs)三元复合材料,研究了HNTs对PVC/MBS共混体系力学性能、热性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明:HNTs与MBS可协同增韧PVC,使复合材料的强度和刚性得到改善,当HNTs的填充量为3 phr时,PVC/MBS(100/3)共混体系的冲击强度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别提高了57.7%、12.1%、7.6%和45.9%;其冲击断面呈现韧性断裂特征;TEM观察结果发现,HNTs在PVC/MBS共混体系中具有良好的分散状态;热失重分析显示,HNTs对PVC/MBS共混体系热稳定性的提高能起到一定作用。     

PVC/MBS共混物的断裂研究

采用吴康理论(Vu-Khanh-plot)与扫描电子显微镜照片、冲击强度测试数据相结合,研究聚氯乙烯(PVC)/甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(MBS)三元共聚物的裂纹引发断裂能(Gi)与冲击强度的关系.随着增韧剂MBS含量的增加, PVC/MBS共混物的冲击强度提高, Gi由纯PVC的0.32 kJ/m2增加到4.06 kJ/m2.同时, Gi和冲击强度也随MBS粒径的增大而增大.因此, PVC/MBS共混体系的冲击强度随着Gi的增加而增大.     

MBS粒子尺寸对PVC／MBS共混物性能及形变机理的影响

通过乳液聚合方法制备了两种不同粒径（分别为270nm和80nm）的甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丁二烯/苯乙烯（MBS）核壳改性剂，与聚氯乙烯（PVC）进行熔融共混，得到了PVC／MBS共混物。对PVC／MBS共混物力学、光学等方面的性能及其形变机理分别进行了考察。结果表明：PVC／MBS共混物的脆-韧转变温度（BDT）和拉伸性能均随着MBS粉料粒径的增加而增加；但是光学测试则表明MBS粒子对改善PVC基体的光学性能的效果却随MBS粉料粒径的增加而降低；透射电镜（TEM）的分析表明大粒径的MBS粉料能促使橡胶粒子产生空洞化，而由小粒径的MBS粉料制备的PVC／MBS共混物没有观察到橡胶粒子空洞化的产生。     

乳化剂对合成MBS树脂和PVC/MBS合金力学性能的影响

通过调节乳化剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）的用量合成MBS树脂，并将其与聚氯乙烯（PVC）树脂进行共混，测试PVC／MBS合金的力学性能。测试结果表明：乳化剂的用量越多，MBS树脂相的相对分子质量越低，PVC／MBS合金的拉伸强度变化不明显，其冲击强度先增大后减小。     

MBS接枝共聚物对PMMA树脂的增韧研究

采用乳液聚合法在聚丁二烯（PB）乳胶粒子上接枝苯乙烯（St）和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA),合成了一系列的MBS接枝共聚物（简称MBS）,将其与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）进行熔融共混制备PMMA/MBS共混物,研究了PB及相对分子质量调节剂叔十二烷基硫醇（TDDM）含量对共混物力学性能和微观形态结构的影响。结果表明,随着MBS中PB所占比例的增加,共混物的冲击强度表现出先增大后减小的趋势,当PB所占比例为50 %（质量分数,下同）时,共混物的冲击强度达到200 J/m,而拉伸强度表现出上升的趋势;随着TDDM用量的增加,MBS的接枝率和接枝效率降低,导致共混物的冲击强度先增加后减小;随着MBS中PB所占比例的增加,接枝率的逐渐降低,MBS在PMMA基体中分散程度逐渐变差。     

软质ABS／PVC共混改性的研究分析

对PVC／ABS软质共混体系的力学性能进行TN试研究。结果发现：PVC／ABS共混体系的性能是组分的函数，ABS的加入改善了PVC／ABS共混体系的力学性能，在一定范围内（20—30份）随着ABS组分的增加共混体系的断裂伸长率、拉伸强度有一定程度的提高。     

氯化乙丙橡胶增容PVC/SBS共混体系的研究

以氯化乙丙橡胶(CEPDM)为相容剂,研究了SBS对PVC的共混增韧改性。结果表明CEPDM能明显改善SBS与PVC的相容性,使共混物中SBS颗粒尺寸明显减小,分布更均匀,共混物的t_g内移,常温和低温下缺口冲击强度增大。当PVC/SBS/CEPDM为80/20/6(质量比)时,共混物的常温缺口冲击强度为56.3kJ/m~2,低温(-20℃)缺口冲击强度为32.4kJ/m~2。     

紫外光对PVC/MBS共混物性能的影响

研究了紫外光对PVC／MBS共混物力学性能及缺口冲击断面形貌的影响。结果表明：适当紫外光照射有利于提高共混物的冲击强度、拉伸强度，冲击断面出现明显增强的韧性断裂；过度光照射导致冲击强度、拉仲强度降低，断裂面的韧性特征明显降低，呈现很明显的脆性断裂特征。     

超韧电石法PVC/MBS合金的制备与性能研究

通过锥形双螺杆挤出机制备了超韧电石法PVC/MBS(聚氯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物)舍金,采用转矩流变仪、冲击试验机等研究了MBS含量对PVC/MBS合金流变行为及力学性能的影响.结果表明:MBS能促进PVC/MBS共混物的塑化,但导致共混物的平衡扭矩略有增加;相比PVC而言,随着MBS含量的增加,PVC/MBS合金的韧性得到了大幅的提高,从PVC的5 kJ/m2增至MBS含量为13份时的93 kJ/m2,拉伸强度降低了13%,弯曲强度降低了21%.     

PVC-C/PVC/MBS三元共混材料的研究

研究了氯化聚氯乙烯(PVC-C) /聚氯乙烯(PVC)与抗冲改性剂MBS[聚丁二烯(PB)与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)及苯乙烯(St)按枝共聚物]的二儿共混物的物理力学性能和流变性能。结果表明:共混物的维卡软化点随PVC-C用量的增加而上升,在PVC-C/PVC=50 /50(质量比)处有一拐点。共棍物的拉伸强度、弯曲模量随PVC-C用量的增加而提高; 而冲山强度和断裂伸长率都随PVC-C用量增加而下降。共棍物中随PVC-C用量增加,塑化能力增强,平衡转矩上升。不同的加工助剂可降低共棍物熔体黏度,改善加工性能。     

苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯梯度共聚物的应用

将用原子转移自由基聚合及连续补加甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）的方法制备的苯乙烯（St）/MMA梯度聚合物P（Pt-t-MMA）作为增容剂应用于聚氯乙烯/苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（PVC/SBS）和PS/PMMA聚合物合金的增容和改性。扫描电镜结果表明,P（St-t-MMA）可以改善PVC/SBS和PMMA/PS合金的相容性。PVC/SBS合金中加入少量P（St-t-MMA)后,冲击强度从6.0kJ/m^2提高到12.1kJ/m^2,加工流变性能得到了改善。SBS用量也影响PVC/SBS合金的冲击强度。     

MBS分散形态及其对PVC的增韧改性

将PVC与不同型号的MBS进行共混,观察MBS在共混体系中的分散形态,结合冲击试验、拉伸试验和动态力学分析(DMA)等测试方法,研究PVC/MBS共混体系的性能与MBS结构之间的关系,分析比较了两种MBS对PVC的增韧效果及其对共混体系拉伸性能的影响。     

HIPS对不同PVC体系的改性研究

研究了刚性有机粒了ＨＩＰＳ对不同改性ＰＶＣ体系力学性能的影响。结果表明，对于改性ＰＶＣ／ＰＥ－Ｃ基体，添加少量的ＨＩＰＳ后，共混体系塑化行为改善，缺口 冲击强度明显的提高，拉伸强度下降不大；而对于改性ＰＶＣ和改性ＰＶＣ／ＭＢＳ基体，共混体系的力学性能没有提高，且有负面影响。     

Fracture and impact strength of poly(vinyl chloride)/methyl methacrylate/butadiene/styrene polymer blends

The Izod impact strength of poly(vinyl chloride)/methyl methacrylate/butadiene/styrene(PVC/MBS)polymer blends can be changed significantly with different levels of MBS and/or MBS particle size. The following results were obtained by investigating the fracture of PVC/MBS test specimens: (1) The dependence of the Izod impact strength of PVC/MBS blend on MBS particle size confirms a maximum around a MBS particle size of 2000 Å. When MBS particle size is smaller than 2000 Å, the Izod impact strength increases with MBS particle size, and crazing occurs mainly in this region. When MBS particle size is larger than 2000 Å, then the Izod impact strength, in contrast, decreases with increasing MBS particle size, and both crazing and shear yielding occur, mainly in this region. (2) Tensile experiments of PVC/MBS blends carried out under various conditions showed that the amount of energy absorption increases with decreasing MBS inter-particle distance and with increasing MBS particle size when crazing is the main energy absorbing mode. The MBS inter-particle distance dominates the energy absorption when shear yielding is the main energy absorbing mode. (3) Therefore, the Izod impact strength of PVC/MBS blends and the maximum around a MBS particle size of 2000 Å can be explained as follows: Below 2000 Å, the energy absorption by crazing dominates the total energy absorption, and the energy absorption by crazing increases with MBS particle size. Above 2000 Å, the energy absorption by shear yielding is dominant, and the energy absorption by shear yielding increases with decreasing inter-particle distance, that is to say, decreasing MBS particle size.     

环氧树脂对PVC/ABS共混物性能的影响

研究了固体环氧树脂(EP)对聚氯乙烯(PVC)/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)/EP共混物力学性能和热稳定性的影响,重点考察了EP环氧值和固化剂DDM对共混物性能的影响。结果表明:PVC/ABS/EP共混物表现为脆性断裂;加入DDM后,共混物的拉伸强度明显提高,但冲击性能影响不大;对于PVC/ABS/EP/DDM共混物,随着EP含量的增加,共混物的拉伸强度上升,且环氧值高的EP704对共混物拉伸强度的提高更大;加入2%的低环氧值EP903后,共混物的冲击强度达到最大值,而EP704的加入则对共混物的冲击性能影响不大;环氧树脂的加入在一定程度上削弱了PVC/ABS共混物的热稳定性。     

Scanning electron micrograph study of the impact-improved MBS/PVC blends

The improvement of the impact strength of the telecommunication equipment using injection moldable PVC/MBS and other modifiers were studied. The addition of MBS to the PVC was found with rapid increases in the impact stregths in Kg-cm/cm: 5.5 of pure PVC; 80 of 12 phr and the maximum of 131 of 20 phr of MBS. This increasing impact strength phenomena were subjected to close examinations of SEM, DMTA, and strain-stress diagrams. The DMTA analysis of the retaining of the individual T_g's of MBS and PVC in the MBS/PVC blends, indicates that no miscibility of MBS and PVC has occurred. The DMTA diagrams of 5, 12, 20, and 30 phrs of MBS in PVC were analyzed and the same samples were also subjected to the impact strength measurements and the SEM examinations. SEM photos showed a gradual transition of the linear to the three-dimensional arrangements had occurred in the PVC/MBS blends. The formation of three-dimensional arrangement occurred between 10–20 phr of added MBS. The spacial change from linear to the three-dimensional arrangements observed in SEM photos correlates the rapid increases of the impact strengths of the specimens tested. Injection specimens of the telephone sets made of PVC/MBS blends with 20 phr of MBS in PVC indicate that the impact strength is averaged at 115 Kg-cm/cm with tensile strength of 330 Kg/sq cm and elongation of 150%. The similar change of the spacial arrangement is also observed in their SEM photos.