复合材料管-钢管约束混凝土组合柱的轴压性能

通过纤维增强复合材料(FRP)管-钢管约束混凝土组合柱的轴压试验,分析组合柱的受力特点、破坏形态、本构关系和承载力。结果表明:在荷载作用初期,FRP管的约束作用较小;在荷载作用后期,FRP管的环向应力增长较快,故以FRP管的环向断裂作为承载力极限状态指标。将现有理论计算模型与试验所得受约束混凝土的应力-应变关系进行对比,发现空心构件极限应变的理论计算误差较大,而实心构件吻合较好。最后提出了一种可用于确定实心组合柱极限承载力的简化计算方法,理论计算结果与试验值符合较好。     

FRP管混凝土组合结构试验研究

通过14根FRP管混凝土构件弯曲、轴压、偏压试验,得到了不同受力状况下的荷载-挠度、弯矩-曲率曲线以及应力-应变曲线.试验结果表明,经过环向、±45°和纵向混杂铺层设计的FRP管混凝土能有效地提高构件的承载力,构件具有很大的变形能力;FRP壳体不仅能参与承载,而且能有效地约束核心混凝土的变形,显著提高混凝土强度和延性;±45°铺层设计不仅提高构件的抗弯承载力,而且大大提高了斜截面承载力;弯矩-曲率曲线为二折线,第一刚度由混凝土截面控制,第二刚度由FRP管刚度控制.     

钢丝-连续玄武岩纤维复合板加固混凝土梁研究

通过1根对比梁和3根钢丝-连续玄武岩纤维复合板加固钢筋混凝土梁的抗弯试验,从各阶段荷载、截面刚度、裂缝情况等方面对其抗弯加固性能进行了全面的比较分析。试验结果表明,加固构件的抗开裂荷载分别提高了49％、49％和33％：抗纵筋屈服时荷载分别提高了17％、20％和27％;承载能力分别提高了38％、45％和73％,显著提高梁的抗弯刚度和承载能力,并是一种性能良好且成本低廉的加固材料。     

BFRP筋混凝土无腹筋梁抗剪性能试验研究

为研究骨料种类对BFRP筋混凝土梁抗剪性能的影响,以剪跨比和混凝土抗压强度为变量,完成了对称集中荷载作用下5根BFRP筋普通混凝土和5根再生混凝土无腹筋梁抗剪试验,并分析了试件裂缝发展、破坏形态及不同剪跨比和混凝土强度对构件跨中挠度、开裂荷载和极限荷载的影响,且参照相关规范对构件抗剪承载力进行计算分析.结果表明:再生混凝土梁的变形及裂缝发展形态与普通混凝土梁基本相似,再生混凝土梁的开裂荷载与极限荷载均低于普通混凝土梁;同一荷载对应的试件跨中挠度随剪跨比的增加而增大,混凝土抗压强度对试件跨中挠度无明显影响;试件开裂荷载与极限荷载均随着剪跨比的增大而减小,随着混凝土抗压强度的增大而增大;美国ACI 440.1R-06规范对试验梁抗剪承载力的计算最合理.     

无腹筋BFRP筋混凝土深梁受剪性能研究

在对称集中荷载作用下,对7根无腹筋BFRP筋混凝土深梁进行受剪试验,分析了构件的裂缝发展、破坏形态及不同剪跨比、BFRP筋配筋率、玄武岩纤维体积掺率对构件跨中挠度、开裂荷载和极限荷载的影响。试验结果表明:各试验梁均发生剪切破坏;相同荷载作用下,跨中挠度随着剪跨比的增大而增大,随着配筋率及玄武岩纤维体积掺率的增大而减小;开裂荷载与极限荷载均随着剪跨比的增大而减小,随着配筋率及玄武岩纤维体积掺率的增大而增大。参照相关规范对试验梁抗剪承载力进行计算,研究结果表明美国ACI 440. 1R-06规范计算值与试验值比较吻合,加拿大CSA. S 806-12规范稳定性较好,中国GB 50608—10规范相对保守,建议采用美国ACI440. 1R-06规范对无腹筋BFRP筋混凝土深梁进行抗剪承载力计算。     

先张法预应力玄武岩纤维增强塑料筋混凝土梁受弯性能试验研究

采用先张法工艺设计制作了1根全预应力玄武岩纤维增强塑料筋(BFRP筋)混凝十梁,2根部分预应力BFRP筋混凝土梁和1根普通BFRP筋混凝土梁,对其进行三分点加载试验,主要测试了构件的开裂荷载、裂缝和挠度发展情况、屈服荷载和极限荷载等性能。结果表明,对BFRP筋施加预应力,可以提高梁的杭裂度,有效减小梁的挠度和裂缝宽度;非预应力钢筋的配筋率越大,梁的极限抗弯承载力越大,在BFRP筋配筋率相同的情况下,全预应力梁和非预应力梁的极限抗弯承载力相当;在预应力梁中采用非预应力钢筋,可以减小裂缝宽度间距,并且提高梁的延性;全预应力梁和非预应力梁在纯弯段上的裂缝数量和裂缝分布基本相同,部分预应力梁的裂缝数量明显多于全预应力梁和非预应力梁。     

玄武岩纤维增强塑料筋混凝土梁受弯性能研究

设计并制作了3根玄武岩纤维增强塑料筋（BFRP筋）混凝土梁,并对其进行三分点加载试验,主要测试了构件的开裂荷载、裂缝和挠度发展情况以及极限荷载等。结果表明,受BFRP筋线弹性的材料性质、较低的弹性模量等因素的影响,BFRP筋混凝土梁的受弯工作具有以下特点：(1)构件均发生脆性破坏;(2)构件的开裂荷载和开裂前的挠度受BFRP筋配筋率的影响很小;(3)构件的极限荷载随BFRP筋配筋率的增加而增大;(4)构件的荷载－挠度曲线在混凝土开裂前后均为线性,其转折点对应构件开裂。     

GFRP筋混凝土板正截面抗弯承载力研究

为了研究GFRP筋混凝土板的正截面抗弯承载力,基于平截面假定、内力平衡条件以及变形协调条件,对GFRP筋混凝土板在适筋及适量超筋两种配筋设计情形下的正截面抗弯承载力计算公式进行了推导,通过8组具有不同配筋率与混凝土强度等级的GFRP筋混凝土板抗弯承载力试验,对推导的计算公式进行了验证,同时研究了构件抗弯承载力与配筋率、混凝土强度等级之间的变化关系。结果表明:试验得到的极限承载力与公式计算的理论承载力数据吻合较好,可以较准确地反映GFRP筋混凝土板抗弯承载力的计算过程;适量超筋设计构件破坏形式表现为以受压区混凝土被压碎为标志的塑性破坏,这种设计方式更有利于提高GFRP筋混凝土板的安全性能;同时为了保证混凝土板达到极限承载力时受拉区GFRP筋不被拉断,建议设计配筋率取1.4倍的平衡配筋率;随着GFRP筋混凝土板配筋率的增加,构件承载力系数逐渐增大,安全储备也逐渐提高;GFRP筋混凝土板的抗弯承载力随着配筋率与混凝土强度的增加而逐渐增大。     

BFRP筋钢纤维再生混凝土梁抗弯性能试验研究

为了研究不同钢纤维体积掺量vsf(0. 5%、1%、1. 5%、2%),纵筋配筋率ρ,再生骨料取代率R(0、50%、100%)对BFRP筋钢纤维再生混凝土梁(BFRP-SFRAC梁)抗弯性能的影响,本文对9根BFRP-SFRAC梁和1根钢筋钢纤维再生混凝土梁(对比梁)进行了抗弯试验,分析了其破坏形态、承载力变化过程及挠度变形等情况。结果表明:BFRP-SFRAC梁在达到极限承载力后,其荷载-挠度曲线下降段平滑,表现出较好的延性特征。BFRP-SFRAC梁的抗弯承载力受配筋率ρ和钢纤维体积掺量vsf的影响较大,受再生骨料取代率R的影响较小。随着钢纤维体积掺量vsf的增加,BFRP-SFRAC梁的初裂荷载和极限荷载均增加,但并不一直呈线性增长,而挠度变形有所减小。与对比梁相比,BFRP-SFRAC梁的初裂荷载略低,但极限荷载却明显提高。     

无腹筋BFRP筋玄武岩纤维混凝土深梁抗剪性能试验研究

为研究玄武岩纤维对无腹筋BFRP筋混凝土深梁裂缝开展、破坏形态、跨中挠度、剪切开裂承载力及抗剪极限承载力的影响,以玄武岩纤维体积掺率和纤维长度为参数,设计并制作了5根试验梁,通过四分点集中力加载研究深梁的抗剪性能。结果表明:随着纤维特征参数的增大,构件破坏形态出现由斜压破坏向剪压破坏转变的趋势;与普通混凝土深梁相比,相同荷载作用下,玄武岩纤维混凝土深梁跨中挠度和裂缝宽度均随着纤维特征参数的增大而减小;构件剪切开裂承载力和抗剪极限承载力随着纤维特征参数的增大均有所提高。在考虑玄武岩纤维增强作用的基础上,参照GB 50010—2015规范对玄武岩纤维混凝土深梁抗剪极限承载力进行计算,实测值与计算值基本吻合。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.